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Home , Cochlicopa, Cochlicopa lubrica, Columella (genus), Columella columella, Columella edentula, Cystopeltidae

Terrestrial Gastropods of the Upper Fraser Basin of

ROBERT G. FORSYTH

Research Associate, Royal BC Museum, 675 Belleville Street, Victoria, British Columbia, V8W 9W2 http://www.royalbcmuseum.bc.ca

LIVING LANDSCAPES: UPPER FRASER BASIN http://livinglandscapes.bc.ca Copyright © 2005 by the Royal British Columbia Museum. Figures 3 and 5 © Robert G. Forsyth

On preceding page: Scanning electron photomicrograph of a specimen of randolphii (see page 10) from Bone Creek, North (outside of the upper Fraser drainage) (RBCM 001- 00278-002).

Library and Archives Canada Cataloguing in Publication Data Forsyth, Robert G. Terrestrial gastropods of the Upper Fraser Basin of British Columbia [electronic resource]

Available on the Internet. “Living Landscapes: Upper Fraser Basin” Includes bibliographical references: p. ISBN 0-7726-5289-9

1. – British Columbia – Watershed. 2. Gastropoda – British Columbia, Northern. I. Royal BC Museum. II. Title.

QL430.4.F67 2005 594.3’0971182 C2005-960032-2

This report can be cited as:

Forsyth, Robert G. 2005. Terrestrial Gastropods of the Upper Fraser Basin of British Columbia. Living Landscapes, Royal BC Museum, Victoria. http://www.livinglandscapes.bc.ca/upperfraserbasin/ ufb_snails/index.html [HTML version] or http://www.livinglandscapes. bc.ca/upperfraserbasin/ufb-/UFB-Snails.pdf [PDF version]. Terrestrial Gastropods of the Upper Fraser Basin of British Columbia

ROBERT G. FORSYTH*

Research Associate, Royal BC Museum, Victoria 675 Belleville Street, Victoria, British Columbia, Canada V8W 9W2

*Mailing address: Box 3804, Smithers, British Columbia, Canada V0J 2N0

ABSTRACT — Information on the terrestrial gastropod fauna Family Cionellidae ...... 7 is compiled from new or recent field collections, museum records Family ...... 7 and literature for that part of British Columbia encompassing Family ...... 7 the basin of the Fraser River north of about 52° N. Recent Family Punctidae ...... 10 fieldwork (2001) has added many new locality records for Family Discidae ...... 10 a region that has received little study and has significantly Family ...... 11 improved the region’s representation of terrestrial gastropods Family ...... 11 in the collection of the Royal British Columbia Museum. At Family Daudebardiidae least 28 belonging to 18 genera are recorded from 83 ...... 12 localities. All but three species were previously unreported in Family ...... 12 the literature from this area of British Columbia. Family ...... 12 Family ...... 12 Family Arionidae ...... 13 CONTENTS Conclusions ...... 13 Overview of the Project ...... 5 Acknowledgements ...... 14 Materials and Methods ...... 5 Literature Cited ...... 14 Annotated Species List ...... 5 Distribution Maps ...... 17 Family Succineidae ...... 7 Locality — Locality Data ...... 23 4 | LIVING LANDSCAPES: UPPER FRASER BASIN

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– – Figure 1 Location of the upper Fraser Basin in the province of British Columbia. 1, Burns Lake; 2, Vanderhoof; 3, Prince George; 4, McBride; 5, ; 6, Quesnel; 7, Williams Lake; 8, 100 Mile House.

OVERVIEW OF THE PROJECT lections, two published scientific papers, and my own This report, as part of Living Landscapes, documents collections and unpublished data. In June 2001 I took the terrestrial molluscs (snails and ) of the up- part in fieldwork for the purpose of collecting speci- per Fraser Basin. This is a vast region of British Co- mens for the Invertebrate Zoology Collection of the lumbia that extends from the headwaters of the Fra- Royal BC Museum. Previous to this, the upper Fraser ser River at the Alberta border (52°34´N, 118°16´W; Basin was poorly represented in the museum’s collec- 52°53´N, 118°27´W at the ) west to tion. The main objectives of the project were: the , including the headwaters of the • To survey for, and improve our knowledge of, terres- . To the north the Fraser drainage ex- trial molluscs of the upper Fraser Basin; tends to Summit Lake on Highway 97 and northwest • To add value to specimens already part of the Royal to the headwaters of the Driftwood River (56°10´N, BC Museum collection by checking identifications 126°58´W) (Figure 1). and specimen data; and Existing data on terrestrial molluscs of the upper • To amalgamate collection records and data from vari- Fraser Basin consisted mostly of a few historical col- ous sources into a single document (this report). TERRESTRIAL GASTROPODS OF THE UPPER FRASER BASIN | 5

The majority of British Columbia’s terrestrial molluscs are tiny and usually overlooked in general natural his- tory surveys. Prior to the Royal BC Museum handbook, Land Snails of British Columbia (Forsyth 2004) only 100 km two publications (Stanwell-Fletcher & Stanwell-Fletcher 55 1943; Harris & Hubricht 1982) report any species from the upper Fraser Basin. Even the landmark monograph of Pilsbry (1939–1948) does not list locality records from this large area of British Columbia. This report documents the species of terrestrial mol- luscs known from the upper Fraser Basin, and gives the results of recent fieldwork. For further information on the species documented here, see Land Snails of British Columbia (Forsyth 2004), which includes full descrip- tions, figures and keys.

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MATERIALS AND METHODS 2

0 Most of the records documented here are the result of a reconnaissance survey of the upper Fraser Basin in July Figure 2 Collection localities (from all sources) in the upper Fraser Basin (see Appendix for data). 2001. The primary purpose was to obtain specimens and data of terrestrial molluscs for the Royal British Colum- bia Museum. Time limitations prevented us from survey- identify to species any of the succineids that I have seen. ing the expansive plateau area west of Williams Lake and While in the field, locality geopositions were acquired Quesnel, and our efforts were concentrated in the areas using a hand held GPS; these readings were subsequently to the east and west of Prince George and around Ques- checked on National Topographic Series 1:50,000-scale nel. Most of the collections documented in this report are paper maps or electronic versions of these maps. Some from along or near highways and other roads. Few collec- earlier museum collections lack precise position data tions were made at high-elevation sites. (most CMN records, for example) and an approximate Specimens were collected by hand picking from soil, position was derived from maps for mapping purposes. leaf litter, rocks, logs and other dead wood, and were in- Elevations above sea level (abbreviated as a.s.l.) presented corporated into the Invertebrate Zoology Collection of in the Appendix and elsewhere are approximate, having the Royal British Columbia Museum, Victoria (RBCM). been secondarily derived from maps and in most cases All and some material were drowned in water converted from feet to metres. (to relax and extend the bodies), then preserved in This report uses the same nomenclature as appears in 70% EtOH (ethyl alcohol). A portion of the shelled snail Land Snails of British Columbia (Forsyth 2004). material was put directly into EtOH, dried later in the lab for the dry collection. Specimens from my personal study collection (RGF) ANNOTATED SPECIES LIST and some material from the Museum of Na- In June 2001 a total of 53 localities or stations were sur- ture (CMN) were examined, and their data included in veyed, in addition to other localities outside the upper Fraser this report. However, the collection of the CMN was not Basin Living Landscapes region and beyond the scope of this exhaustively studied, as much of the material was inacces- report. They form the majority of the 83 unique localities sible to me. listed in the Appendix (see also Figure 2). I also briefly include the catalogue number for one Thirteen families1, 16 genera and 27 species (exclu- lot of Succineidae that were cited by Harris & Hubricht sive of the Succineidae) are documented here from the (1982) from the upper Fraser Basin and now part of the Invertebrate Collection of the Field Museum of Natural 1The families used here are as presented in Land Snails of British History (FMNH, Chicago). I have not attempted, how- Columbia (Forsyth 2004); many North American authors (for ever, to verify these identifications, nor have I tried to example, Turgeon et al. 1998) recognize fewer families. 6 | LIVING LANDSCAPES: UPPER FRASER BASIN

Table 1 Conspectus of terrestrial gastropods in the upper Fraser Basin.

Species Native/Introduced Literature Source or Collection Containing Records(a)

Arion circumscriptus Introduced RBCM [LL] Arion subfuscus Introduced RBCM lubrica Native? (b) RBCM [LL] columella Native RBCM [LL] Native RBCM [LL], RGF Deroceras laeve Native RBCM [LL], CMN Deroceras reticulatum Introduced RBCM [LL], CMN Discus shimekii Native Stanwell-Fletcher & Stanwell-Fletcher (1943); see text Discus whitneyi Native RBCM, RBCM [LL], RGF, CMN fulvus Native RBCM, RBCM [LL], RGF, CMN Native RBCM [LL], RGF Limax maximus Introduced RBCM [LL] binneyana Native RBCM [LL] , RGF Nesovitrea electrina Native RBCM [LL] Oxyloma nuttallianum Native Harris & Hubricht (1982), FMNH servilis Native RGF Punctum randolphii Native RBCM [LL] Prophysaon andersonii Native RBCM, RBCM [LL], CMN excentrica Introduced RBCM [LL] Introduced RBCM [LL] arthuri Native RGF Vertigo cristata Native RBCM [LL] Vertigo gouldii Native RBCM [LL] Vertigo modesta Native RBCM [LL], RGF Vertigo ovata Native RBCM [LL] Vitrina pellucida Native RBCM [LL] , RGF, CMN arboreus Native RBCM [LL] , RGF, CMN Zoogenetes harpa Native RBCM [LL] Unidentified Succineidae Native RBCM [LL], RGF

(a) Abbreviations are as follows: CMN: Canadian Museum of Nature; FMNH: Field Museum of Natural History; RBCM: Royal British Columbia Museum (collections made prior to Living Landscapes); RBCM [LL]: Royal BC Museum (collections made in 2001 for Living Landscapes); RGF: author’s reference collection. (b) Upper Fraser basin records of are clearly synanthropic and may be introduced. TERRESTRIAL GASTROPODS OF THE UPPER FRASER BASIN | 7 upper Fraser Basin. Only two species—Discus shimekii FAMILY VALLONIIDAE and O. nuttallianum—have been recorded in the mala- cological literature from this region (Stanwell-Fletcher Sterki in Pilsbry, 1893: & Stanwell-Fletcher 1943; Harris & Hubricht 1982). Iroquois Vallonia TheLiving Landscapes survey in 2001 added 12 species Records. — Map 2. RBCM: 001-00335-004. not previously recorded from the area. The remaining Vallonia excentrica was living under shrubs and young 15 species were already known from the upper Fraser cottonwoods on a roadside embankment in Quesnel. Basin but unpublished (Table 1). This is an introduced species in British Columbia, found The majority of species in upper Fraser Basin are in disturbed and synathropic habitats. native, but at least six species — Vallonia excentrica, Vallonia pulchella, Arion circumscriptus, Arion subfus- Vallonia pulchella (Müller, 1774): Lovely Vallonia cus, Limax maximus and Deroceras reticulatum — are Records. — Map 3. RBCM: 001-00293-001. introduced. Cochlicopa lubrica, is a special case since it In the upper Fraser Basin Vallonia pulchella was living shows a strong synanthropic tendency and may be at under wood on a grassy roadside along Hwy 16 east of least partially introduced in British Columbia. Prince George. This species is also an introduction and similarly to V. pulchella is found in disturbed and syna- FAMILY SUCCINEIDAE thropic habitats.

Shells of succineids offer few characteristics for specific Zoogenetes harpa (Say, 1824): Boreal Top identification, and species determinations require that Records. — Map 4. RBCM: 001-00230-002, 001-00242-002, reproductive anatomy be considered. Reliable identifi- 001-00274-003. cations of western succineids in particular is further in- In the upper Fraser Basin Zoogenetes harpa was found liv- hibited by a very limited knowledge of some nominal ing in leaf litter and on dead wood in a mesic spruce for- species and the range of variation within species. Most est, a stand of trembling aspen with willow, and a clearcut of what we know on this group was given by Pilsbry (burnt in 1986) with willow and young conifers. Else- (1948), but Harris & Hubricht (1982) have dealt with where in the province, this species has also been found some species of Oxyloma from southwestern Canada. living on disturbed roadside habitats and in a gasline Based on their data and the Hubricht collection (now right-of-way. Z. harpa appears to form sporadic, discreet in the Field Museum of Natural History, Chichago, colonies, but when found snails are usually abundant. In IL) only one species has been recorded from the up- British Columbia, this species is mostly known from the per Fraser Basin: Oxyloma nuttallianum (I. Lea, 1841) central and northern half of the province, but there is a (1 lot, FMNH 235541, Lac la Hache), but a second single record from Albert Canyon in the Selkirk Moun- species, as Oxyloma groenlandica (Müller, 1774), was tains (RBCM collection). The known localities for Z. recorded from nearby areas outside of the area covered harpa in the upper Fraser Basin are between 760–790 m by this report. a.s.l.; the elevational range for all B.C. records is 480– I have not tried to identify or verify collections of 1600 m a.s.l. succineids from the upper Fraser Basin. FAMILY VERTIGINIDAE FAMILY CIONELLIDAE (von Martens, 1830): Cochlicopa lubrica (Müller, 1774): Glossy Pillar Mellow Column Records. — Map 1. RBCM: 001-00334-002, 001-00335-002. Records. — Map 5. RBCM: 001-00233-001, 001-265-007, 001- In British Columbia, this is a largely synanthropic spe- 268-004, 002-00090-001. cies, having what appears to be introduced and pos- In the upper Fraser Basin Columella columella appears to sibly native populations (Forsyth 2004); in the upper inhabit only the eastern, mountainous parts of the region, Fraser Basin C. lubrica was found only in disturbed and was found living under dead wood and in leaf litter habitats. There are only two records from the upper in mesic forests and wooded floodplains of waterways, at Fraser Basin, but synanthropic habitats were not ex- elevations between 700–1200 m. In the whole of British tensively sampled for snails and slugs and the species is Columbia, C. columella is known only from the moun- likely common in towns. tainous southeast and north along the , 8 | LIVING LANDSCAPES: UPPER FRASER BASIN

The name Columella edentula is widely used in North America for the smaller and shorter shelled Columella, but B.C. material may be another taxon. I use the name Columella edentula in a provisional sense; British Colum- bia shells and should to be compared with ex- amples of C. edentula from Eurasia and the rest of North America, as well as another Eurasian species, C. aspera Waldén 1966 (see Pokryszko 1990 for characters of these species).

Vertigo arthuri von Martens, 1882: Callused Vertigo Records. — Map 7. RGF: 01-020-4895. In British Columbia, Vertigo arthuri is currently known only from two localities, the one documented here (Lac la Hache, 820 m a.s.l.) and another at Kiskatinaw Park in the region (Forsyth collection; 590 m a.s.l.) At both localities snails were found under dead wood or sticks. The Kiskatinaw site has young cottonwoods, while the Lac la Hache site was relatively dry, open Douglas-fir forest. Figure 3 Vertigo arthuri. Lac La Hache (RGF 01-020-4895) Vertigo arthuri was described from North Dakota by (above); Kiskatinaw Park (RGF 98-085-3304) (below). von Martens but remained unrecorded from much of its range until recently. This species has since been - recog the adjacent valleys and the Rocky Mountain Foothills. nized from Alaska, the Yukon, Alberta, South Dakota, This is the species that Pilsbry (1948) calledColumella Wyoming, Minnesota, Ontario (T. Frest, S. Harris, W. alticola (Ingersoll, 1875), but some recent North Ameri- Grimm, and B. Coles, personal communications; Ne- can authors treat this name as a or subspecies of kola & Massart 2001). C. columella, which was described from Quaternary fos- This distinct little Vertigo is recognized by its sub- sils from Germany. Pokryszko (1987, 1990), who how- cylindrical form, sculpture of rather sharp, almost rib-like ever chose to not synonymize C. alticola with C. colume- axial lines, huge (albeit variable) crest behind the aper- lla, distinguished Polish examples of C. columella from C. tural lip, six apertural denticles (angular, parietal, colu- edentula by their more cylindrical and strongly irregularly mellar, subcolumellar and upper and lower palatals) and and sharply striate shells and the elongate-oval apertures typically a well-developed palatal callus (Figure 3). Also of mature individuals. British Columbia shells also show quite distinct in this species is the fact that the columel- these characters, though B.C. specimens of C. edentula lar denticle appears bilobed, at least in some well-devel- (see below) are also rather well-striated. Pokryszko also oped individuals; Pilsbry (1948: 977) noted this as hav- gave anatomical characters to help separate European ing a “convex callus against its [the columellar denticle’s] Columella, but this has not yet been attempted for B.C. lower side.” The Kiskatinaw specimen (length, 1.75 mm) material. is quite typical, but the Lac la Hache specimen (length, 1.75 mm) has a smaller crest and correspondingly weaker palatal callus. Columella edentula (Draparnaud, 1805): Widespread Column Records. — Map 6. RBCM: 001-00227-001, 001-334-005, 001- Vertigo cristata Sterki in Pilsbry, 1919: Crested Vertigo 337-002, 001-338-003, 001-339-001. RGF: 97-177-1380. Records. — Map 8. RBCM: 001-00231-002, 001-00237-003, In the upper Fraser Basin, Columella edentula was found 001-242-003, 001-00284-003, 001-00293-002, 001-00332-007, in mesic forests, at elevations between 670 m and 880 m. 001-00336-002, 001-00338-004, 001-00339-002. Unlike C. columella, this species is more generally distrib- In the upper Fraser Basin Vertigo cristata was found on uted in British Columbia (Forsyth 2004). dead sticks, under logs and fallen bark in coniferous for- TERRESTRIAL GASTROPODS OF THE UPPER FRASER BASIN | 9

ing from V. arthuri by not having the columellar denticle bilobed and by having a less developed crest.

Vertigo modesta (Say, 1824): Cross Vertigo Records. — Map 10. RBCM: 001-00226-003, 001-00232-002, 001-00241-003, 001-00264-003, 001-00265-006, 001-00269- 001, 001-00276-001, 001-00296-005, 002-00071-001. RGF: 97-193-2011. In the upper Fraser Basin Vertigo modesta was found liv- ing under dead wood and dead vegetation and in litter in coniferous forests at elevations between 760–1220 m a.s.l. Sites varied from relatively dry, open pine or spruce forests to moist spruce or hemlock forests with diverse vegetation. Elsewhere in British Columbia, this species is also recorded from near treeline, up to about 1700 m. Many examples of B.C. Vertigo modesta have an angu- lar denticle developed to varying degrees, even within a series of shells from one location.

Vertigo ovata Say, 1822: Ovate Vertigo Records. — Map 11. RBCM: 001-00223-001. Figure 4 Vertigo cristata. Hwy 16, E of In the upper Fraser Basin Vertigo ovata was found at a sin- Tête Jaune Cache at Mt Terry Fox Rest gle locality, on the marshy shore of Amanita Lake, north Area (RBCM 001-00284-003). of McGregor (670 m a.s.l.). This is a characteristically wetland species found in ests of Douglas-fir, spruce or lodgepole pine, but at two marshes, wet lakeshore meadows and fens, where it is localites it was also collected in groves of trembling as- typically found under dead vegetation and wood. Al- pen. The elevational range of these records is from about though restricted to wetlands which tend to be less in- 670–1100 m a.s.l. tensely searched for terrestrial molluscs, this species is In British Columbia, Vertigo cristata is common along likely not uncommon in B.C. in suitable habitats and the Rocky Mountains and in the northern part of the shows a pattern of scattered distribution records indica- province. I use this name provisionally for small Vertigo tive of specialized habitats that tend to be infrequently animals with shells having four apertural denticles (a col- surveyed for land molluscs. umellar, a parietal and two palatals), remarkably regular, rib-like axial striae, a small crest, and no palatal callus (Figures 4, 5).

Vertigo gouldii (A. Binney, 1843): Variable Vertigo Records. — Map 9. RBCM: 001-00294-003. Vertigo gouldii was found at only one locality in the up- per Fraser Basin, near the summit along Hwy 20 between Williams Lake and the Fraser River (RBCM 001-00294- 003). Here, this species was found under dead wood in a dry Engelmann spruce forest with an open understory (elevation 900 m a.s.l.). In British Columbia, Vertigo gouldii is mostly known from the southern Rocky Mountains. This name is used provisionally (see Forsyth 2004) for Vertigo with rib-stri- ate shells having six apertural denticles (a columellar, a Figure 5 Vertigo cristata. Charlie Lake (outside of the upper parietal, an angular, two palatals, and a basal), but differ- Fraser drainage) (RGF 98-067-3332). 10 | LIVING LANDSCAPES: UPPER FRASER BASIN

Kootenays, the and Hazelton mountains (Forsyth 2001a), the Queen Charlotte Islands (Forsyth collec- tion), the north coast (RBCM collection) and from many localities on the south coast. Compared to coastal British Columbia examples, most interior specimens (Figure 6) are generally a little smaller, but shell size and the relative height to width is variable both in coastal and interior examples. Punctum randol- phii looks to be much more variable in form and size than most literature on these snails (e.g., Pilsbry 1946) would suggest. Figure 6 Punctum randolphii. A specimen from Bone Creek, (outside of the upper Although a single, large shell reported earlier from Fraser drainage) (RBCM 001-00278-002). the Columbia Basin was tentatively called P. californicum Pilsbry, 1898 (Forsyth 1999), I now consider this and all British Columbia material as belonging to one variable FAMILY PUNCTIDAE species for which I use the name P. randolphii. However, the issue is further complicated because Alberta snails are (Shuttleworth, 1852): Pinhead Spot usually identified as P. minutissimum (Lea, 1841), be- Records. — Map 12. RGF: 95-110-3096, 95-133-3197. cause they occur east of the Continental Divide. In British Columbia Paralaoma servilis is most often seen at disturbed, open sites during the wetter months FAMILY DISCIDAE of the year. In the upper Fraser Basin, this species was collected from under aspen logs at two localities, Discus shimekii (Pilsbry, 1890): Striate Disc both with somewhat modified habitat, at elevations of Records. — Map 14; “around Lake Tetana” (Stanwell-Fletcher & 690 m and 760 m a.s.l. Stanwell-Fletcher 1943). Although this species has an inclination to be synan- This species is included here on the grounds that Stan- thropic, it appears to be native to northwestern North well-Fletcher & Stanwell-Fletcher (1943:36) recorded it America. Among the plethora of synonymous names ap- from Tetana Lake on the Driftwood River (ca 55°55´N, plied to this widespread, almost cosmopolitan species are 126°37´W). Except for Discus shimekii, they did not list Punctum conspectum (Bland, 1865), Punctum (or Tolte- other species of terrestrial molluscs in brief observations cia) pusilla (Lowe, 1831), and Paralaoma caputspinulae on the common insects and a few other invertebrates that (Reeve, 1852) (see Falkner et al. 2002 and references they collected around the lake. Any material, if it existed, therein). would be expected to be in the RBCM, but I have not found it, and the record cannot be verified. In British Punctum randolphii (Dall, 1895): Conical Spot Columbia, D. shimekii occurs along the Rocky Moun- Records. — Map 13. RBCM: 001-00250-010, 001-00265-005, tains, in the Peace River region and west to the Haynes 002-00152-002. Triangle. In the upper Fraser Basin, this species was living in leaf litter in a cottonwood stand, an open mixed-wood for- Discus whitneyi (Newcomb, 1864): Forest Disc est, and a grove of trembling aspen; the elevational range Records. — Map 15. RBCM: 001-00249-009, 001-00296-002, of the three sites is 820–1220 m a.s.l. Elsewhere in B.C., 001-00337-005, 001-00338-001, 001-00339-003, 001-00222- the species has been found from sea level to about 1700 001, 001-00225-003, 001-00228-003, 001-00230-001, 001- m a.s.l. 00233-004, 001-00241-002, 001-00242-001, 001-00243-002, Recent collections made in 2001–2002, but outside 001-00264-001, 001-00265-003, 001-00267-003, 001-00268- 001, 001-00277-003, 001-00291-004, 001-00294-001, 001- the geographic limits of this report, suggest that the spe- 00312-001, 001-00332-004, 001-00334-004, 001-00335-003, cies is common in the Quesnel and Shuswap Highlands 999-00148-001. RGF: 01-007-4872, 95-133-3198, 95-134- and along the North Thompson River valley. It may 3195, 97-121-1203, 97-164-1499, 97-173-1514, 97-175-1354, be more infrequent on the eastern margin of the Inte- 97-176-1383, 97-177-1381, 97-179-1365, 97-180-1378, 97- rior Plateau and appears absent from a large area of the 181-1370, 97-182-1351, 98-023-1607, 98-024-1608, 99-046- . P. randolphii is also recorded from the 4621. CMN: 83081. TERRESTRIAL GASTROPODS OF THE UPPER FRASER BASIN | 11

Discus whitneyi is one of the most common and wide- are seldom ever as well developed in the other species. spread land snails in the upper Fraser Basin and in British Animals of E. praticola are black throughout, including Columbia as a whole, except along the coast. In the upper the mantle, whereas the body of E. fulvus is variously light Fraser Basin, only appears more ubiqui- to dark grey (paler on the sides of the foot) with the man- tous. D. whitneyi lives in forests and at open sites, under tle spotted with black. fallen branches, logs, stones, debris and in leaf litter; in Some authors have used the name the upper Fraser Basin it has been found at elevations (Gray in Turton, 1840) for the wetland species in Ontario between 470–1220 m a.s.l. and the U.S. Midwest (e.g., Grimm 1996; Nekola 2001; Nekola & Massart 2001), as has been done in Europe FAMILY EUCONULIDAE (e.g., Kerney and Cameron 1979). However, Falkner et al. (2002) recently treated E. alderi as a synonym of E. Euconulus fulvus (Müller, 1774): Brown Hive trochiformis (Montagu, 1803), a forest-dwelling species, Records. — Map 16. RBCM: 001-00222-002, 001-00225-001, and resurrected the name E. praticola for the dark-bodied 001-00226-001, 001-00228-002, 001-00229-002, 001-00230- wetland species in Europe. 003, 001-00231-001, 001-00232-001, 001-00233-002, 001- It is surprising that this wetland species has only 00235-001, 001-00236-001, 001-00237-001, 001-00241-001, recently been recognized in North America, as it seems 001-00245-002, 001-00249-011, 001-00250-009, 001-00251- to be quite distinct. However, wetland habitats are 001, 001-00255-008, 001-00264-002, 001-00265-002, 001- generally under-investigated for terrestrial gastropods, 00266-004, 001-00268-003, 001-00269-002, 001-00275-001, 001-00277-002, 001-00284-001, 001-00291-003, 001-00293- and the acceptance of a wetland congener to E. fulvus 005, 001-00294-002, 001-00296-004, 001-00332-006, 001- has been controversial, even in Europe. For example, 00336-001, 001-00337-003, 001-00338-005, 001-00339-004. Schileyko (2002) stated that there was probably only RGF: 01-007-4874, 03-093-5190, 95-133-3199, 95-134-3196, one variable Holarctic species despite several decades 97-164-1498, 97-175-1353, 97-177-1379, 97-179-1362, 97- of literature stating otherwise. 184-1371, 97-193-2012, 98-046-228. CMN: 2859, 83141. In addition to two records from the upper Fraser Basin, Euconulus fulvus is perhaps the most common species in there are nine additional unpublished B.C. localities: two the upper Fraser Basin and northern B.C. and is a gener- in the near Telkwa (Forsyth collection), alist, living in mesic to dry sites, both in forests and non- four from the Columbia Basin (RBCM 998-00273-003, forested habitats. It occurs under dead wood, leaf litter, 998-00282-005, 998-00264-008, 998-00285-0042), and stones and vegetation, and it lives in leaf litter. E. fulvus three from Greater and the lower Fraser Val- is one of species most often found at or near the treeline. ley (Forsyth collection). In the upper Fraser Basin, this species was found at eleva- Unlike Euconulus fulvus, E. praticola is found only at tions up to 2100 m a.s.l. wet sites: marshes, forested floodplains and grassy shore- lines of waterways. Elevations of the known sites range Euconulus praticola (Reinhardt, 1883): Marsh Hive from sea level to 760 m a.s.l.; in the upper Fraser Ba- Records. — Map 17. RBCM: 001-00254-006. RGF: 95-111-3097. sin, both known localities are at ca 760 m a.s.l. The two While the majority of Euconulus in collections are attrib- species of Euconulus were not sympatric at any of these utable to Euconulus fulvus, there appears to be a second localities. E. praticola is often found along with character- species that is identifiable by shell characters, body col- istically wetland species such as Vertigo ovata, Zonitoides our, and habitat preference. In British Columbia exam- nitidus, various unidentified species of succineids, and ples, E. praticola differs from E. fulvus by having a reddish amphibious lymnaeids. rather than yellowish shell and shining rather than silken microsculpture on the apical surfaces of the whorls; the FAMILY GASTRODONTIDAE microsculpture on the base of the shell in E. praticola has relatively deeper spiral striae and stronger axial grooves (Say, 1816): Quick Gloss than E. fulvus. The basal shell surface of E. fulvus varies Records. — Map 18. RBCM: 001-00225-002, 001-00226-002, among British Columbia material; some have the base 001-00228-004, 001-00229-001, 001-00237-002, 001-00242- almost without any microsculpture, while others have clear but relatively shallower spiral striae than E. prati- 2 These four lots were included under Euconulus fulvus in “Ter- cola. There are also usually some irregularly spaced axial restrial Gastropods of the Columbia Basin, British Columbia” grooves present in B.C. examples of E. praticola, which (Forsyth 1999). 12 | LIVING LANDSCAPES: UPPER FRASER BASIN

004, 001-00243-001, 001-00245-003, 001-00249-010, 001- rial collected in July 2001 fieldwork was either juvenile 00251-002, 001-00255-007, 001-00266-002, 001-00267-002, or were empty shells only, but dissections of snails from 001-00268-002, 001-00274-002, 001-00277-005, 001-00284- Dreyskull (ca 4 km N of Glendale; CMN 93333) and the 002, 001-00292-001, 001-00293-004, 001-00294-004, 001- Hazelton Mountains (Forsyth collection) show that the 00296-003, 001-00312-002, 001-00332-005, 001-00335-005, vas deferens is enclosed in a penial sheath. In this regard, 998-00054-001. RGF: 01-007-4873, 01-009-4877, 01-010- their genital anatomy conforms to that of V. pellucida, as 4878, 95-058-2747, 97-175-1356, 97-176-1430, 97-177-1382, described by Forcart (1955; see also Bequaert & Miller 98-046-1660. CMN: 83080. 1973, Roth & Lindberg 1981, and Roth & Sadeghian Zonitoides arboreus is widespread and common in north- 2003). This species is common and widespread through- ern British Columbia, often found along with Discus out British Columbia, living in a wide variety of habitats whitneyi and Euconulus fulvus in coniferous, mixed-wood that are often seasonally dry. and deciduous forests. It is typical of dry to mesic forests In the upper Fraser Basin, Vitrina pellucida the locali- in the upper Fraser Basin, but also has occasionally been ties where it was found are between 660 m and 1220 m found along the margins of water bodies. In the upper a.s.l., and all were below tree line. However, no alpine or Fraser Basin this species has been found at elevations be- subalpine habitat was surveyed in the upper Fraser Basin; tween 460 m and 1040 m a.s.l. elsewhere in B.C., V. pellucida has been located above 1220 m. For example, this species was living at 1740 m in FAMILY DAUDEBARDIIDAE the alpine tundra on Hudson Bay Mountain near Smith- ers (Forsyth collection). Nesovitrea binneyana (Morse, 1864): Blue Glass Records. — Map 19. RBCM: 001-00249-013, 001-00255-006, 001-00337-004, 001-00338-002, 001-00236-002, 001-00245- FAMILY LIMACIDAE 001, 001-00264-004, 001-00266-003, 001-00276-002, 001-00277- Limax maximus Linnaeus, 1758: Giant Gardenslug 004, 001-00291-002, 001-00293-003, 001-00335-006, 002-00153- Record. — Map 22. RBCM: 001-00335-007. 001. RGF: 97-175-1355, 97-176-1368, 97-179-1367. Limax maximus is an introduced western European slug, This species is widespread across B.C., where it is found now widespread in southern British Columbia (Rollo & mostly in mesic deciduous or mixed-wood forests. Oc- Wellington 1975; Forsyth 2004; RBCM collection). In casionally it is found in open or forb-covered, disturbed the upper Fraser Basin, this species was collected a road- ground. In the upper Fraser Basin, Nesovitrea binneyana side park in Quesnel. Additional searches in urban areas was collected at 460–1120 m a.s.l. probably would turned further records.

Nesovitrea electrina (Gould, 1841): Amber Glass FAMILY AGRIOLIMACIDAE Records. — Map 20. RBCM: 001-00233-003. Nesovitrea electrina is widespread in B.C. but is less Deroceras laeve (Müller, 1774): Meadow Slug frequently encountered as the previous species. In the up- Records. — Map 23. RBCM: 001-00254-007; 001-00274-001; 001-00332-002; 001-00334-001. CMN: 83142. per Fraser Basin, it was found only at McBride, where it was in cottonwood woods along the Fraser River. In the upper Fraser Basin Deroceras laeve was found along the shorelines of waterways and permanently wet forested FAMILY VITRINIDAE sites. At Teardrop Lake (RBCM 001-00074-001) slugs were found under logs in a site that was clear-cut in 1985 Vitrina pellucida (Müller, 1774): Western Glass-snail and burnt in 1986; major vegetation consisted of willows Records. — Map 21. RBCM: 001-00225-005, 001-00250-008, and young conifers. Localities in the upper Fraser Basin 001-00253-007, 001-00255-009, 001-00264-005, 001-00265- are at elevations between 760 m and 880 m a.s.l. 001, 001-00266-001, 001-00268-005, 001-00277-001, 001- 00291-001, 001-00332-003, 001-00334-003, 001-00336-003, This is one of the most widespread species of slugs in 001-00337-007, 002-0071-002. RGF: 95-133-3200; 97-179- the world, occurring on all continents except Antarctica 1363; 98-024-1610. CMN: 83140, 93333. (Wiktor 2000). Although introduced to many parts of the world, it is apparently, at least in part, native to North Vitrina pellucida occurs across the Palearctic and is America. There is no evidence to suggest that the species widespread in western North America where it often is not native in the upper Fraser Basin, where it occurs in goes by the synonym V. alaskana Dall 1905. All mate- both disturbed and undisturbed habitats. TERRESTRIAL GASTROPODS OF THE UPPER FRASER BASIN | 13

Deroceras reticulatum (Müller, 1774): Grey Fieldslug Arion subfuscus (Draparnaud, 1805): Dusky Arion Records. — Map 24. RBCM: 001-00243-003, 001-00253-009, Records. — Map 26. RBCM: 002-00142-001. 001-00293-007, 001-00331-001. CMN: 93332, 93333, 93339, Arion subfuscus is another introduced European slug in 93342. the upper Fraser Basin. Although there is only one record In the upper Fraser Basin Deroceras reticulatum was found of it from the area (in the campground at Ten Mile Lake at an abandoned farm site, roadside highway pullouts, Provincial Park), this species is likely both widespread and a provincial park. This European slug is widely in- and common. Elsewhere in northern British Columbia troduced into British Columbia and likely is a common A. subfuscus is known from the Bulkley Valley, the Queen synanthrope in the upper Fraser Basin. Charlotte Islands and Alice Arm (unpublished records, RBCM). FAMILY ARIONIDAE Prophysaon andersonii (Cooper, 1872): Arion circumscriptus Johnston, 1828: Reticulate Taildropper Brown-banded Arion Records. — Map 27. RBCM: 001-00243-004, 001-00253-008, Records. — Map 25. RBCM: 001-00241-004, 001-00331-002. 001-00254-008, 001-00264-006, 001-00293-006, 001-00332- In the upper Fraser Basin, and around Canim Lake 001, 001-00333-001, 001-00337-001. CMN: 93338, 93340. (outside the scope of this report), the introduced Euro- In the upper Fraser Basin, this species was found in open, pean slug Arion circumscriptus was found in disturbed mixed-wood forests and pure stands of trembling aspen habitats and coniferous and mixed-wood forests im- (at 670–970 m a.s.l.) where it was usually found under mediately adjacent to roads. Elsewhere in British Co- logs or openly crawling. This species and Deroceras laeve lumbia, this species is recorded from Greater Vancou- are the only native species of slugs in the upper Fraser ver (Rollo & Wellington 1975), southern Vancouver Basin. Island, the Queen Charlotte Islands, and the Bulkley Valley at Smithers (RBCM collection). This species was recognized from other species of CONCLUSIONS Arion by having a false keel (present in the subgenus Four species were most commonly encountered. Carinarion) and the presence of black pigment spots Although none of the collections made in the upper Fra- on the mantle. These spots are believed to be a reli- ser Basin employed quantitative methods, a rough idea able character for distinguishing A. circumscriptus from of common versus less common species can be inferred other Carinarion [A. fasciatus (Nilsson, 1823); A. sil- from the frequency that species are recorded from the re- vaticus Lohmander, 1937]. However, one animal was gion (see maps). The most collected species wereEuconu - found at Hwy 16 near the Goat River (RBCM 001- lus fulvus, Discus whitneyi, Vitrina pellucida and Nesovit- 00296-001) that when alive had bright orange-yellow rea binneyana. lateral bands, suggestive of Arion fasciatus (Nilsson, Wetlands are undersurveyed for terrestrial gastro- 1823), but the dissection of this slug showed that it pods. Species listed in this report that are restricted to was juvenile—the genitalia were undeveloped—and wetland habitats tend to have fewer locality records than therefore not identifiable with certainty (H. Reise, those species that are generalists. While it is true that pers. comm.). Arion fasciatus, A. silvaticus and A. cir- exclusively wetland species will be spotty in their distri- cumscriptus form a group (subgenus Carinarion) of bution, wetlands are usually overlooked, and species such very similar species that are at best only weakly dis- as Vertigo ovata and Euconulus praticola are probably un- tinguishable by external pigmentation; a recent study der recorded. has further determined that diet can influence body Exotic species are likely more widespread. Although pigmentation in these species (Jordaens et al. 2001). well known to gardeners and “‘backyard naturalists”, Thus, the strongly yellow-orange pigmentation of this exotic species are often overlooked because as everyday individual is not conclusive. occurrences they may not be considered worthy to record. There seems to be no anatomically verified records During the 2001 field survey, we did not especially target of Arion fasciatus from British Columbia, although sites in towns of the upper Fraser Basin, so the relatively records of “A. fasciatus” were cited in some older litera- few collections of some synanthropic species, such as ture and most (or all) are probably misidentifications Limax maximus, Arion subfuscus, Cochlocopa lubrica, result of A. circumscriptus. from a lack of collecting effort in urban areas. However, 14 | LIVING LANDSCAPES: UPPER FRASER BASIN certain exotic species were found more frequently — the FALKNER, G., T. E. J. RIPKEN & M. FALKNER. 2002. Mol- grey fieldslug, Deroceras reticulatum, was living in many lusques continentaux de France. Liste de Référence an- roadside stops that we visited. notée et Bibliographie. Patrimoines naturels 52: 1–350. Species expected but not found. One species, Dis- FORCART, L. 1955. Die nordischen Arten der Gattung cus shimekii, although historically recorded from the up- Vitrina. Archiv für Molluskenkunde 84(4/6): 155–166, per Fraser Basin (Stanwell-Fletcher & Stanwell-Fletcher pl. 112. 1943; Map 14), has not recently been collected. My FORSYTH, R. G. 1999. Terrestrial gastropods of the Colum- current understanding of the distribution of this species bia Basin, British Columbia. Royal British Columbia would suggest that it certainly would not be present over Museum, Living Landscapes. Available at http://living much of the upper Fraser Basin (particuarly the central, landscapes.bc.ca/cbasin/molluscs/contents.html (ISBN: southern and western portions). It is possible that this 0-7726-4047-5). Accessed 25 June 2004. literature record of D. shimekii is based on a misidentifi- FORSYTH, R. G. 2001a. New records of land snails from cation for D. whitneyi. the mountains of northwestern British Columbia. The Among native species of terrestrial gastropods, there Canadian Field-Naturalist 115(2): 223–228. are several species that have been recorded elsewhere in FORSYTH, R. G. 2001b. A note on the distribution of B.C. that were expected for the upper Fraser Basin but pugetensis in British Columbia. The Festivus subsequently not found: Reinhardt, 33(5): 57–58. 1883; Striatura pugetensis (Dall 1895); and Microphysula FORSYTH, R. G. 2004. Land Snails of British Columbia. ingersollii (Bland, 1875). V. gracilicosta is known from Victoria: Royal BC Museum. iv, 192 pp., [8] pls. scattered localities north, west and south of the upper GRIMM, F. W. 1996. Terrestrial molluscs. In: Assessment Fraser Basin. S. pugetensis is known from the valley of the of species diversity in the Mixedwood Plains Ecozone; North Thompson River and from the B.C. coast (Forsyth edited by I. M. Smith. Ecological Monitoring and 2001b). M. ingersollii lives in subalpine forests and ava- Assessment Network. Available at http://www.nature lanche tracks up to the treeline and is currently known watch.ca/MixedWood/landsnai/ and on CD-ROM. Ac- from southeastern B.C. (south of near Field) and above cessed 25 June 2004. Pine Pass in the Murray Range (Forsyth 2004). HARRIS, S. A. & L. HUBRICHT. 1982. Distribution of the species of the Oxyloma (, Succineidae) ACKNOWLEDGEMENTS in southern Canada and the adjacent portions of the . Canadian Journal of Zoology 60: 1607– I would like to thank Philip Lambert (Curator of In- 1611. vertebrates, RBCM) for organizing and participating in JORDAENS, K., P. VAN RIEL, S. GEENEN, R. VERHAGEN & the Living Landscapes fieldwork in 2001. Kelly Sendall T. BACKELJAU. 2001. Food-induced body pigmentation (Senior Collections Manager, Ichthyology, Herpetology questions the taxonomic value of colour in the self- and Invertebrate Zoology, RBCM) offered his assist- fertilizing slug Carinarion spp. Journal of Molluscan ance while sorting, identifying and curating material. Dr Studies 67: 161–167. Heike Reise (Curator of Molluscs, Staatliches Museum KERNEY, M.P., & CAMERON, R.A.D. 1979. A Field Guide für Naturkunde Görlitz, Germany) helped with and to the Land Snails of Britain and North-west Europe. commented on some of the slug identifications. Drs Jean- London: Collins. 288 pp., 24 pls. Marc Gagnon (Chief Collection Manager, Invertebrate NEKOLA, J. C. 2001. Distribution and ecology of Vertigo Section, Canadian Museum of Nature, Ottawa) and Jo- cristata Sterki, 1919 in the Western Great Lakes Region. chen Gerber (Invertebrates Collections Manager, Field American Malacological Bulletin 16(1/2): 47–52. Museum of Natural History, Chicago) allowed for the NEKOLA, J. C. & P. A. MASSART. 2001. Distribution and loan of specimens in their collections. Tammy Forsyth ecology of Vertigo nylanderi Sterki, 1909 in the West- helped collect some of the material reported here. ern Great Lakes region. American Malacological Bul- letin 16(1/2): 53–60. PILSBRY, H. A. 1939–1948. Land Mollusca of North LITERATURE CITED America (north of Mexico). The Academy of Natural BEQUAERT, J. C. & W. B. MILLER. 1973. The Mollusks of Sciences of Philadelphia, Monographs 3, 1(1) [1939]: i– the Arid Southwest with an Arizona Check List. Tuc- xvii, 1–573, i–ix. 1(2) [1940]: i–viii, 1–994, i–ix pp. son: University of Arizona Press. xiv, 271 pp. 2(1) [1946]: frontispiece, i–vi, 1–520. 2(2) [1948]: TERRESTRIAL GASTROPODS OF THE UPPER FRASER BASIN | 15

i–xlvii, 521–1113 pp. dae, Discidae, Cystopeltidae, Euconulidae, Trocho- POKRYSZKO, B. M. 1987. European Columella reconsidered morphidae. Ruthenica Supplement 2: 1035–1166. (Gastropoda, , Vertiginidae). Malakologische STANWELL-FLETCHER, J. F. & T. C. STANWELL-FLETCHER. Abhandlungen Staatliches Museum für Tierkunde Dresden 1943. Some accounts of the flora and fauna of the 12(1): 1–12. Driftwood Valley region of north central British Co- POKRYSZKO, B. M. 1990. The Vertiginidae of Poland lumbia. Occasional Papers of the British Columbia Pro- (Gastropoda: Pulmonata: ) — a systematic vincial Museum 4: 1–97. monograph. Annales Zoologici 43(8): 133–257. TURGEON, D. D., J. F. J. QUINN, A. E. BOGAN, E. V. ROLLO, C. D. & W. G. WELLINGTON. 1975. Terrestrial COAN, F. G. HOCHBERG, W. G. LYONS, P. M. MIK- slugs in the vicinity of Vancouver, British Columbia. KELSEN, R. J. NEVES, C. F. E. ROPER, G. ROSENBERG, The Nautilus 89(4): 107–115. B. ROTH, A. SCHELTEMA, F. G. THOMPSON, M. VEC- ROTH, B., & D. R. LINDBERG. 1981. Terrestrial mol- CHIONE & J. D. WILLIAMS. 1998. Common and sci- lusks of Attu, Aleutian Islands, Alaska. Arctic 34(1): entific names of aquatic invertebrates from the United 43–47. States and Canada: Mollusks, 2nd edition. American ROTH, B. & P. S. SADEGHIAN. 2003. Checklist of the land Fisheries Society, Special Publication 26: i–ix, 1–526. snails and slugs of California. Santa Barbara Museum WIKTOR, A. 2000. Agriolimacidae (Gastropoda: Pulmo- of Natural History Contributions in Science 3: 1–81. nata) — a systematic monograph. Annales Zoologici SCHILEYKO, A.A. 2002. Treatise on Recent terrestrial (Museum and Institute of Zoology, Polish Academy of pulmonate mollucs. Part 8: Punctidae, Helicodisci- Sciences) 49(3): 347–590. 16 | LIVING LANDSCAPES: UPPER FRASER BASIN TERRESTRIAL GASTROPODS OF THE UPPER FRASER BASIN | 17

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Map 15 Discus whitneyi Map 16 Euconulus fulvus 20 | LIVING LANDSCAPES: UPPER FRASER BASIN

100 km 100 km 55 55

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Map 17 Euconulus praticola Map 18 Zonitoides arboreus

100 km 100 km 55 55

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Map 19 Nesovitrea binneyana Map 20 Nesovitrea electrina

100 km 100 km 55 55

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Map 21 Vitrina pellucida Map 22 Limax maximus TERRESTRIAL GASTROPODS OF THE UPPER FRASER BASIN | 21

100 km 100 km 55 55

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Map 23 Deroceras laeve Map 24 Deroceras reticulatum

100 km 100 km 55 55

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Map 25 Arion circumscriptus. Open circle: A. fasciatus? Map 26 Arion subfuscus

100 km 55

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Map 27 Prophysaon andersonii 22 | LIVING LANDSCAPES: UPPER FRASER BASIN TERRESTRIAL GASTROPODS OF THE UPPER FRASER BASIN | 23

APPENDIX — Locality data for terrestrial gastropods in the upper Fraser Basin Localities are listed by station number for records from the Royal British Columbia Museum invertebrate collection and from the private collection of the author. Localities from CMN records are listed by lot catalogue number, since station numbers are not incorporated into the catalogue numbering system.

Nat. Topo. Elev. Collection, Land Locality Ser. (m)

Cat. No. Dist. Name Map DegLat MinLat Deg Long Min Long Collector(s) Date a.s.l.

1 CMN 2859 Prince George 093G15 53 55 122 45 G.W. Dawson 1875 ?

F. Schueler; 28 Aug 2 CMN 83080, 83081 Cariboo 8 km SW of Williams Lake 093B01 52 5 122 10 850 A. Schueler 1978 CMN 83140, 83141, E shore, Fraser River, along F. Schueler; 3 Cariboo ? ? ? ? ? 13 Sep 1976 ? 83142 Hwy 20 A. Schueler 26 Aug 4 CMN 93332 Cariboo ca 4 km N of Cinema 093G08 53 15.8 122 28 F. Schueler 700 1976 28 Aug 5 CMN 93333 Cariboo ca 4 km N of Glendale 093B01 52 10 122 13 F. Schueler ? 1976 25 Aug 6 CMN 93339, 93340 Cariboo Hwy 97 at River 093J02 54 5.8 122 40.8 F. Schueler 610 1976 27 Aug 7 CMN 93342 Cariboo NE of McLeese 093B08 52 26.3 122 15.9 F. Schueler 820 1976

8 RBCM 001-00222 near Ruth Lake 092P14 51 50.2 121 1.74 P. Lambert; 19 Jun 2001 850 R. Forsyth P. Lambert; 9 RBCM 001-00223 Cariboo Amanita Lake 093I04 54 8.72 121 49.54 24 Jun 2001 670 R. Forsyth Teardrop Lake Rd, S of Tsayaz P. Lambert; 10 RBCM 001-00225 Cariboo 093J06 54 24.8 123 50.6 22 Jun 2001 790 Lake R. Forsyth Bowron Lake road, near P. Lambert; 11 RBCM 001-00226 Cariboo 093H03 53 12.09 121 26.89 21 Jun 2001 1040 Summit Creek R. Forsyth P. Lambert; 12 RBCM 001-00227 Cariboo Shesta Lake 093G10 53 38.05 122 59.32 23 Jun 2001 820 R. Forsyth P. Lambert; 13 RBCM 001-00228 Lillooet Lac La Hache Park 092P13 51 51.6 121 38 19 Jun 2001 820 R. Forsyth P. Lambert; 14 RBCM 001-00229 Cariboo Pelican Forest Service Road 093G11 53 31.17 123 19.26 23 Jun 2001 760 R. Forsyth P. Lambert; 15 RBCM 001-00230 Cariboo E of Chief Lake 093J03 54 7.29 123 2.06 22 Jun 2001 760 R. Forsyth Park: Portal P. Lambert; 16 RBCM 001-00231 Cariboo 083D15 52 52.9 118 27.1 26 Jun 2001 1104 Lake R. Forsyth Mount Robson Park: P. Lambert; 17 RBCM 001-00232 Cariboo 083D15 52 51.39 118 33.39 26 Jun 2001 1080 R. Forsyth P. Lambert; 18 RBCM 001-00233 Cariboo McBride 093H08 53 18.16 120 8.24 25 Jun 2001 700 R. Forsyth P. Lambert; 19 RBCM 001-00234 Cariboo Hush Lake 093G01 53 9.23 122 21.6 21 Jun 2001 850 R. Forsyth : near Spittal P. Lambert; 20 RBCM 001-00235 Cariboo 083E04 53 0.27 119 30.63 25 Jun 2001 790 Creek R. Forsyth Robson Valley: SE of Hile P. Lambert; 21 RBCM 001-00236 Cariboo 083E04 53 6.5 119 43.7 25 Jun 2001 760 Creek R. Forsyth P. Lambert; 22 RBCM 001-00237 Cariboo Robson Valley: La Salle Lakes 093H10 53 30.79 120 39.43 25 Jun 2001 850 R. Forsyth 24 | LIVING LANDSCAPES: UPPER FRASER BASIN

Bowron Lake Park: N of Kibee P. Lambert; 23 RBCM 001-00241 Cariboo 093H06 53 15.6 121 23.3 21 Jun 2001 940 Creek R. Forsyth P. Lambert; 24 RBCM 001-00242 Cariboo Great Beaver Lake 093J05 54 22.73 123 34.03 22 Jun 2001 780 R. Forsyth P. Lambert; 25 RBCM 001-00243 Cariboo Big Lake 093A05 52 22.8 121 53.2 20 Jun 2001 810 R. Forsyth Springhouse Hills: De Sous P. Lambert; 26 RBCM 001-00245 Lillooet 92O16 51 59.42 122 16.18 19 Jun 2001 460 Creek R. Forsyth P. Lambert; 27 RBCM 001-00246 Lillooet 100 Mile House Marsh 092P11 51 38.51 121 17 18 Jun 2001 910 R. Forsyth P. Lambert; 28 RBCM 001-00249 Cariboo Dugan Lake 093A04 52 10.1 121 54.71 20 Jun 2001 910 R. Forsyth P. Lambert; 29 RBCM 001-00250 Cariboo E of Cuisson Lake 093B08 52 28.65 122 18.16 20 Jun 2001 850 R. Forsyth P. Lambert; 30 RBCM 001-00251 Cariboo Slough Creek 093H04 53 4.85 121 38.84 21 Jun 2001 850 R. Forsyth Coast, P. Lambert; 31 RBCM 001-00253 : Beaumont Park 093K02 54 3.498 124 37.18 22 Jun 2001 680 Range 4 R. Forsyth P. Lambert; 32 RBCM 001-00254 Cariboo Cluculz Creek 093G13 53 54.551 123 35.164 22 Jun 2001 760 R. Forsyth P. Lambert; 33 RBCM 001-00255 Cariboo “Tory Lake” 093G11 53 30.61 123 25.02 23 Jun 2001 730 R. Forsyth P. Lambert; 34 RBCM 001-00264 Cariboo Blessing’s Grave 093H04 53 3.72 121 56.84 21 Jun 2001 970 R. Forsyth P. Lambert; 35 RBCM 001-00265 Cariboo Barkerville Historic Park 093H04 53 5.18 121 30.37 21 Jun 2001 1220 R. Forsyth Chilako River, SE of Gregg P. Lambert; 36 RBCM 001-00266 Cariboo 093G11 53 34.19 123 9.81 23 Jun 2001 660 Creek R. Forsyth P. Lambert; 37 RBCM 001-00267 Cariboo Hwy 16 near Bowes Creek 093G16 53 54.47 122 19.85 24 Jun 2001 760 R. Forsyth McGregor River valley: Kittal P. Lambert; 38 RBCM 001-00268 Cariboo 093I03 54 5.78 121 12.58 24 Jun 2001 790 Falls R. Forsyth P. Lambert; 39 RBCM 001-00269 Cariboo S of Hudson Lake 093G08 53 18.47 122 21.28 21 Jun 2001 880 R. Forsyth P. Lambert; 40 RBCM 001-00274 Cariboo Teardrop Lake 093J06 54 22.82 123 25.98 22 Jun 2001 790 R. Forsyth P. Lambert; 41 RBCM 001-00275 Cariboo NNE of Bonner Lake 093H03 53 7.53 121 30.28 21 Jun 2001 1280 R. Forsyth P. Lambert; 42 RBCM 001-00276 Cariboo Hwy 27, SSE of Dog Creek 093K01 54 14.13 124 14.31 22 Jun 2001 850 R. Forsyth P. Lambert; 43 RBCM 001-00277 Cariboo Cottonwood Historic Park 093G01 53 3.1 122 9.52 21 Jun 2001 760 R. Forsyth P. Lambert; 44 RBCM 001-00284 Cariboo Hwy 16, E of Tête Jaune Cache 083D14 52 58.78 119 19.05 26 Jun 2001 850 R. Forsyth P. Lambert; 45 RBCM 001-00291 Cariboo Mount Robson Park: Lucerne 083D15 52 51.65 118 33.22 26 Jun 2001 1120 R. Forsyth P. Lambert; 46 RBCM 001-00292 Cariboo Cuisson Lake 093B08 52 28.22 122 18.58 20 Jun 2001 880 R. Forsyth P. Lambert; 47 RBCM 001-00293 Cariboo Hwy 16 E of Tabor 093G16 53 56.22 122 24.65 24 Jun 2001 790 R. Forsyth P. Lambert; 48 RBCM 001-00294 Cariboo Hwy 20 SW of Williams Lake 093B01 52 5.43 122 9.58 19 Jun 2001 900 R. Forsyth P. Lambert; 49 RBCM 001-00296 Cariboo Hwy 16 at Goat River 093H07 53 29.7 120 36.27 25 Jun 2001 760 R. Forsyth

50 RBCM 001-00312 Cariboo E of Great Beaver Lake 093J06 54 25.2 123 24.55 J. Psyllakis 12 Jul 2000 730 TERRESTRIAL GASTROPODS OF THE UPPER FRASER BASIN | 25

P. Lambert; 51 RBCM 001-00331 Cariboo Jack of Clubs Lake 093H04 53 5.41 121 35.85 21 Jun 2001 1190 R. Forsyth Nazko Hwy near Baker Creek: P. Lambert; 52 RBCM 001-00332 Cariboo 093B15 52 58.52 122 48.45 20 Jun 2001 880 Bluestone Creek R. Forsyth P. Lambert; 53 RBCM 001-00333 Cariboo Nadsilnich (West) Lake 093G10 53 43.99 122 51.44 23 Jun 2001 700 R. Forsyth P. Lambert; 54 RBCM 001-00334 Cariboo Bradley Creek 092P15 51 51.82 120 53.7 19 Jun 2001 760 R. Forsyth P. Lambert; 55 RBCM 001-00335 Cariboo Quesnel 093B16 52 58.87 122 29.02 21 Jun 2001 470 R. Forsyth P. Lambert; 56 RBCM 001-00336 Cariboo Hwy 16 at Bowron River 093H13 53 53.86 121 59.17 24 Jun 2001 700 R. Forsyth Coast, : Paarens Beach P. Lambert; 57 RBCM 001-00337 093K08 54 25.23 124 22.7 22 Jun 2001 670 Range 5 Park R. Forsyth Mount Robson Park: Berg P. Lambert; 58 RBCM 001-00338 Cariboo 083E03 53 3.18 119 12.85 26 Jun 2001 850 Lake trail R. Forsyth Mount Robson Park: P. Lambert; 59 RBCM 001-00339 Cariboo 083E03 53 1.81 119 12.33 26 Jun 2001 880 Overlander Falls R. Forsyth Bowron Lake road: Mt P. Lambert; 60 RBCM 002-00071 Cariboo 093H03 53 10 121 29 21 Jun 2001 1190 Cockburn rest area R. Forsyth P. Lambert; 61 RBCM 002-00090 Cariboo N of Pass Lake 093I03 54 7 121 25 21 Jun 2001 820 R. Forsyth 28 Aug 62 RBCM 002-00142 Cariboo Ten Mile Lake Park 093G01 53 4.2 122 26.5 R. Forsyth 700 1998 R. Forsyth; 63 RBCM 002-00152 Lillooet Lac La Hache Park 092P13 51 51.65 121 38 21 Jun 2002 820 T. Forsyth

64 RBCM 002-00153 Cariboo Hush Lake 093G01 53 9.27 122 21.68 R. Forsyth 21 Jun 2002 850

65 RBCM 998-00054 Cariboo Prince George 093G15 53 55 122 45 E. Thorn 29 Jul 1969 ?

R. Forsyth; 66 RBCM 999-00148 Cariboo Cottonwood River at Hwy 97 093G01 53 5.8 122 21.8 12 Jun 1999 700 T. Forsyth Coast, 67 RGF 01-007 Cheslatta Falls 093F12 53 38.6 124 57 T. Forsyth 27 Jun 2001 700 Range 4 Coast, 68 RGF 01-009 Ootsa Lake: Intata Reach 093F12 53 36.4 125 41.9 T. Forsyth 27 Jun 2001 850 Range 4 Coast, 69 RGF 01-010 Fish Lake 093F10 53 35.8 124 53.7 T. Forsyth 27 Jun 2001 850 Range 4 29 Aug 70 RGF 01-022 Lillooet Lac La Hache Park 092P13 51 51.65 121 38 R. Forsyth 820 2001 Coast, 71 RGF 03-093 Itcha Mountain 093C10 52 43 124 50 T. Forsyth -- Aug 2003 2100 Range 3 Coast, Fraser Lake: Beaumont R. Forsyth; 72 RGF 95-058 093K02 54 3.49 124 37.33 19 Jun 1995 670 Range 4 Provincial Park T. Forsyth R. Forsyth; 73 RGF 95-110 Cariboo Purden Lake 093H13 53 54.8 121 57.4 24 Sep 1995 760 T. Forsyth R. Forsyth; 74 RGF 95-111 Cariboo Cluculz Lake 093G13 53 53.7 123 36.2 25 Sep 1995 760 T. Forsyth Coast, R. Forsyth; 75 RGF 95-133 Hwy 16: W of Savory 093K03 54 5.67 125 9.91 04 Oct 1995 690 Range 5 T. Forsyth R. Forsyth; 76 RGF 95-134 Cariboo Ten Mile Lake Park 093G01 53 4.7 122 26.8 04 Oct 1995 730 T. Forsyth Coast, R. Forsyth; 09 May 77 RGF 97-121 Hwy 16, W of Palling 093K05 54 21.4 125 55.4 700 Range 5 T. Forsyth 1997 R. Forsyth; 78 RGF 97-164 Cariboo Eulatazella Lake 093G12 53 44.2 123 36.2 01 Jul 1997 790 T. Forsyth 26 | LIVING LANDSCAPES: UPPER FRASER BASIN

R. Forsyth; 79 RGF 97-173 Cariboo Hwy 16, near the Willow River 093G16 53 54.5 122 19.8 05 Jul 1997 730 T. Forsyth R. Forsyth; 80 RGF 97-175 Cariboo Fraser River: near Penny 093H14 53 50.2 121 17.9 06 Jul 1997 610 T. Forsyth R. Forsyth; 81 RGF 97-176 Cariboo Slim Creek at Hwy 16 093H11 53 44.02 121 9.58 06 Jul 1997 700 T. Forsyth Morkill Forest Service Road at R. Forsyth; 82 RGF 97-177 Cariboo 093H10 53 35.9 120 41.3 06 Jul 1997 640 Fraser River T. Forsyth Hwy 16, NW of Holliday R. Forsyth; 83 RGF 97-179 Cariboo 083E04 53 20.9 119 54.8 06 Jul 1997 770 (Baker) Creek T. Forsyth R. Forsyth; 84 RGF 97-180 Cariboo Hwy 16 at Small Creek 083E04 53 3.62 119 36.87 06 Jul 1997 750 T. Forsyth Fraser River: near Rearguard R. Forsyth; 85 RGF 97-181 Cariboo 083D14 52 58.4 119 22 06 Jul 1997 790 Falls Park T. Forsyth R. Forsyth; 86 RGF 97-182 Cariboo Moose Lake [drift] 083D14 52 56 118 50 06 Jul 1997 790 T. Forsyth R. Forsyth; 87 RGF 97-184 Cariboo NW of Valemont: Hwy 5 083D14 52 53.13 119 18.57 06 Jul 1997 790 T. Forsyth Coast, SW of Burns Lake: near Eagle R. Forsyth; 88 RGF 97-193 093K04 54 12.1 125 51.2 01 Sep 1997 1040 Range 5 Creek T. Forsyth R. Forsyth; 02 May 89 RGF 98-023 Cariboo Cottonwood River at Hwy 97 093G01 53 5.8 122 21.79 700 T. Forsyth 1998 Coast, R. Forsyth; 02 May 90 RGF 98-024 Hwy 16: W of Savory Lake 093K03 54 5.67 125 9.91 690 Range 5 T. Forsyth 1998 R. Forsyth; 18 May 91 RGF 98-046 Cariboo Hwy 97: NNW of Hixon 093G07 53 29.7 122 38.4 700 T. Forsyth 1998