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1999 International Soil Conservation Organization Abstracts 1 A-0004 1999 International Soil Conservation Organization Abstracts A-0004 However, the USLE and RUSLE, were not designed for this task and this can lead to concern about the outputs of such models. The USLE-M, a new modification of the Establishement Of Soil Reference And Information Centre For Natural Resource USLE which is based on the rainfall erosivity index for an event being described by the Management. M.S. Badrinath, Dept. of Soil Science & Agril. Chemistry, product of the runoff ratio and the EI30 index, the event erosivity index in the USLE, is College of Agriculture, University of Agricultural Sciences, GKVK, better suited to this purpose. The USLE-M is better than the USLE at predicting event Bangalore - INDIA. erosion and, because it considers runoff as a factor in determining event erosivity, Soil is one of the most precious natural resources of the earth gifted to mankind. Present provides a basis for considering the impact of landscape position on erosion which is pressure for producing more food fuel and fodder to meet the demand in a developing ignored in models like AGNPS. The ability of USLE-M to provide a better representation country like India is causing damage to soil and environment. Several factors including of within catchment erosion is illustrated with an example from Australia. faulty land use planning could be the reasons. Knowledge of soils through University Soil Reference Collection (USREC) shall be good and meaningfull tool for P.I.A. Kinnell + 61 - 2 – 62494758 Fax+ 61 - 2 – 62490757 [email protected] documentation, research and training about our own soils. USREC houses a large ______________ collection of soil monoliths with related data and documents, soil briefs generates and A-0012 transfers information on soils by lecturing and publishing monographs utilizing the data base created. Soil genesis, classification and correlation mapping, soil data bases and Intensification Patterns in West African Agriculture: Social and Cultural Conditions and land evaluation are all part and parcel of the USREC for the benefit of targeted groups Constraints. Volker Stamm, German Agency for Technical Co-operation such as students, farmers, planners and persons interested in sustainable agriculture. (GTZ), Eschborn This will contribute to a better understanding of the state soils potential in a changing We consider conservation technologies as forming a special aspect of the process of environment. USREC acts as a clearing house of the State Soil Reference Base (SSRB) agricultural intensification; in this contribution, the problem of their social and cultural through participation in the projects for the assessment of human induced soil conditions and constraints is addressed. We discuss, in a historical perspective, factors degradation and for the establishment of a state inventory of emission of green house influencing the choice of more extensive or more intensive farming methods. Based on gasses. The soil reference database includes the information of the profiles of the case studies from Burkina Faso, Benin and Nigeria, we refuse the current opinion exposition as well as that of other profiles, representing all soil types within a state and assuming a strong tendency towards more intensive practices under demographic their variations. In addition, a soil reference, soil collection will have sample information pressure and defend the position that scarcity of soil resources may represent a on the assessment of soil/land qualities and management aspects. USREC will answers challenge for peasant societies, but that their response may take significantly different questions of what can be done with a specific soil, what kind of measurements and forms, reaching from intensification, maintaining unsustainable extensive methods to improvements have to be taken for sustainable use and how to cope with the fragility of abandoning more or less agricultural activities. The option chosen depends largely on the soil/land for specific land area. the historical background and the social orientations of the rural communities concerned; a key factor seems to be the importance they give to cultivation in their scale of cultural M.S. Badrinath values. Thus we further develop the arguments presented in our 1996 ISCO ______________ contribution. A-0005 Volker Stamm Fax 6196 79 7244 [email protected] Regional-scale analysis of spatial community of soil microbial biomass (Cmic) and soil ______________ basal CO2 respiration across the north-east German agricultural A-0013 landscape. Stephan J. Wirth ,ZALF – Centre for Agricultural Landscape and Land Use Research Institute of Microbial Ecology and Soil Biology, Management Of Ferrolysed Soil By Rice Straw Incorporation. Dr. A.T.M. Farid, Principal Muncheberg, F.R. Germany Scientific Officer, Division of Soil Science, Bangladesh Agricultural Soil carbon decomposition processes are controlled by the activities of soil micro- Research Institute, Joydebpur, Gazipur-Bangladesh organisms, thus regulating nutrient cycling in soils on a biochemical level. As a part of a Most scientists do not recommend rice straw incorporation because of high cellulose ZALF Research Group, entitled “Biological parameters of soils and plant phyllospheres material and low nitrogen content. This was rather found suitable for management of along a transect across the North-east German Lowland: studies of the spatial ferrolysed soils in Bangladesh when incorporated @ 5-6 MT ha^-1 twice in a year as continuum and spatial co-variance structure with special reference to selected site residue. Ferrolysis is a typical land degradation process active in Bangladesh soil properties”, a survey of soil biochemical and physio-chemical properties was performed involving a sequence of alternate reduction and oxidation cycles of iron with the resultant along a regional, one-dimensional transet across the North-east German Lowland (total effect of clay destruction and formation of impervious soil layer. Rice straw is more length: 151 km, medium lag distance: 1.7km, autumn 1996), thus including 89 cereal resistant to biodegradation and contains low nitrogen. As Bangladesh possesses more crop cultivation sites. At each site, five nested samples were collected (0-15 cm, lag congenial environment for decomposition and mineralisation, green biomass quickly distance: 2m). Soil microbial biomass (Cmic) was determined with a substrate-induced perishes with the net effect of low organic matter content in the soil. So green manuring respiration method using as automated infra-red gas analysis system at 20 C. Soil basal of cultivation of legume crops like black gram/green gram gives very short-term effect in respiration (CO2-respiration without the addition of substrate) was measured hourly respect of organic matter and nitrogen. But it has been found in a long term experiment under continuous aeration flow via automated infra-red gas analysis (8-18 h, 20 C). that rice straw incorporation as residue following every harvest provides better physical Additionally, soil physico-chemical properties were analyzed, i.e., soil organic carbon condition of the soil especially more porosity and aeration. This has been probably content (Corg), total soil nitrogen content (Nt), soil pH and texture. Soil microbial actuated by the resistant quality of the straw in the soil. Porosity and bulk density biomass displayed an increasing spatial trend for the southern to the northern end of the measurements led to conclusion. transect (over-all mean: 474 ?g Cmic g^-1 soil, range : 119-1020?g Cmic g^-1 soil). Correspondingly, an increasing trend was detected for soil basal respiration (over-all Dr. A.T.M. Farid 02-416552; Fax: 0088-02-841678; [email protected] mean: 0.46 ?g CO2-C g^-1 h^-1), as well as for Corg (over-all mean: 0.90%, range : ______________ 0.12-1.45%), and Nt (over-all mean: 0.08%, range: 0.04-0.18%), respectively. A-0018 Regression analyses across the transect revealed closest relationships between Cmic and Nt contents (r^2=0.653), but less clear relations with other soil parameters under The Regulatory program to Achieve Land Conservation on the Hilly-Rolling Relief of study. Semivariography was applied to analyze spatial continuity of soil microbial Lithuania. Dr. hab. Kaltinenai, Research Station of Lithuanian Institute of biomass, soil basal respiration, and soil physico-chemical properties across the transect. Agriculture, Kaltinenai, Silale District, Lithuania As a result, soil microbial biomass displayed a range at the regional scale (ca. 10km), The soil conservation and sustainable land use are among the top subjects of natural corresponding to spatial trends and autocorrelation lengths identified for Nt and soil clay and international environmental and development policy (Fleishhauer et al., 1996). Our content, respectively. In contrast, soil basal CO2 respiration displayed a pure nugget presentation at the 9th ISCO Conference persuaded that soil loss due to water erosion effect. on the hilly-rolling relief of Western Lithuania was 28.8-82.4 under potatoes, 11.7-26.4 under spring barley and 3.5-8.3 m3 ha-1 under winter ryes. Only the quick-growing Stephan J. Wirth +49-(0)33432-82352 fax no. +49-(0)33432-82280 [email protected] grasses completely stopped soil erosion. In turn the natural fertility of slightly, ______________ moderately and severely eroded soil decreased by 22, 39 and 62%, respectively A-0011 (Jankauskas, Jankauskiene, 1998). The regulatory program to achieve land conservation on the hilly-rolling was prepared using research data of the experiments USLE-M and the modeling of within catchment erosion. P.I.A. Kinnell, The Centre for carried out in the Kaltinenai Research Station and Vezaiciai branch of Lithuanian Resource and Environmental Studies, The Australian National University, Agricultural Institute (Jankauskas, 1996). Most of experimental results were obtained by Canberra, Australia methods of field experiments set up on the slopes, hilltops and foot slopes. The The modeling of the temporal and spatial variation of erosion within catchments is of prevailing soils were Dystric and Gleyic Podzoluvisols loamy sand or clay loam with -1 interest in the management of land and water quality.
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