The State of India's Environment: Reflecting Its Underdevelopment
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Diffuse Agricultural Water Pollution in India
r 244 99DI Pergamon Wat. Sci. Tech. Vol 39, No. 3, pp. 33-47, 1999. ©1999 IAWQ r quality. In: Published by Elsevier Science Ltd IRC ai^Vater Printed in Great Britain. All rights reserved ana Sanitation Centre 0273-1223/99 $1900+ 0 00 >n in Beijing. Tel.:+31 70 30 609 80 PII: SO273-1223(99)0OO3O-X Fax: +31 ?0 38 390 64 «. Water and hinese), 6(4), DIFFUSE AGRICULTURAL WATER ol (Chinese), POLLUTION IN INDIA nvironmental G. D. Agrawal Enviroteck inst.(P) Ltd, New Delhi, India nvironmental >urces and its ABSTRACT nvironmental Concern over agricultural diffuse pollution sources in integrated water quality management has been growing recently. Such sources are likely to be even more critical in developing countries, including India, where agriculture and rural habitats are still dominant, unlike the G7 or other affluent industrialised nations. A 88. number of special features of the Indian scene need to be considered. These include: (i) extremely varying pesticides in rainfall and stream-flow patterns; (ii) still largely traditional agricultural practices with average application of ce, J4(l), 72- fertilizers and pesticides and significant areas under dry farming or only marginal irrigation; (iii) a very large cattle population, with agriculture almost always linked with animal husbandry; (iv) a culture of living close ter irrigation. to the river (if not in the river) with dominating instream uses of bathing, washing, cattle wading, waste disposal, etc. and large-scale floodplain farming; and (v) scant respect for rules, regulations and laws . PhD thesis, alongside an extremely weak law-enforcement machinery. The paper shows that in the non-monsoon (non-flood) periods, which may account for all but 2 months of a trs (Chinese), year, agricultural diffuse pollution sources seem to have no impact on stream water quality. -
Wetlands, Biodiversity and the Ramsar Convention
Wetlands, Biodiversity and the Ramsar Convention Wetlands, Biodiversity and the Ramsar Convention: the role of the Convention on Wetlands in the Conservation and Wise Use of Biodiversity edited by A. J. Hails Ramsar Convention Bureau Ministry of Environment and Forest, India 1996 [1997] Published by the Ramsar Convention Bureau, Gland, Switzerland, with the support of: • the General Directorate of Natural Resources and Environment, Ministry of the Walloon Region, Belgium • the Royal Danish Ministry of Foreign Affairs, Denmark • the National Forest and Nature Agency, Ministry of the Environment and Energy, Denmark • the Ministry of Environment and Forests, India • the Swedish Environmental Protection Agency, Sweden Copyright © Ramsar Convention Bureau, 1997. Reproduction of this publication for educational and other non-commercial purposes is authorised without prior perinission from the copyright holder, providing that full acknowledgement is given. Reproduction for resale or other commercial purposes is prohibited without the prior written permission of the copyright holder. The views of the authors expressed in this work do not necessarily reflect those of the Ramsar Convention Bureau or of the Ministry of the Environment of India. Note: the designation of geographical entities in this book, and the presentation of material, do not imply the expression of any opinion whatsoever on the part of the Ranasar Convention Bureau concerning the legal status of any country, territory, or area, or of its authorities, or concerning the delimitation of its frontiers or boundaries. Citation: Halls, A.J. (ed.), 1997. Wetlands, Biodiversity and the Ramsar Convention: The Role of the Convention on Wetlands in the Conservation and Wise Use of Biodiversity. -
Environmental Policy, River Pollution, and Infant Health
Working paper Environmental policy, river pollution, and infant health Evidence from Mehta vs. Union of India Quy-Toan Do Shareen Joshi Samuel Stolper February 2016 Environmental Policy, River Pollution, and Infant Health: Evidence from Mehta vs. Union of India∗ Quy-Toan Do Shareen Joshi Samuel Stolper World Bank Georgetown University Harvard University February 19, 2016 Abstract India’s rivers are heavily polluted. One of the more polluted sites is the city of Kanpur, on the banks of the river Ganga (or Ganges). The river receives large amounts of toxic waste from the city’s domestic and industrial sectors, particularly the tannery industry. We study the impact of a landmark piece of judically mandated environmental legislation in this city. In September 1987, the Supreme Court of India ordered the tanneries of Kanpur to either clean their waste or shut down. We explore the mortality burden of this ruling in Kanpur district as well as districts downstream, and find a significant drop in both river pollution (as measured by Biochemical Oxygen Demand) and health risk (as measured by infant mortality). We also explore the channels that drive these policy impact and cannot reject that the drop in pollution levels following the Supreme Court decision accounted for the entire observed effect on infant mortality. Keywords: Pollution, neonatal mortality, biochemical oxygen demand. JEL Codes: Q53, Q56 ∗We are grateful to Prashant Bharadwaj, Jishnu Das, Garance Genicot, Susan Godlonton, Rema Hanna, Hanan Jacoby, Remi Jadwab, Guido Kuersteiner, Samik Lall, Arik Levinson, Rohini Pande, Martin Rama, Martin Ravallion, John Rust, Simone Schaner, George Shambaugh, Shinsuke Tanaka, and Jennifer Tobin for useful comments. -
Politics of Environment — II by Anil Agarwal It Looks As If Environment Is
Politics of Environment — II By Anil Agarwal It looks as if environment is an idea whose time has come. Newspapers give prominent display to environmental horror stories. Editorials demand better management of natural resources. Government statements on the need to preserve the environment are commonplace. Government programmes, too, are quite numerous and increasing in number day by day. There are massive schemes for afforestation, for instance. In the last four years, some 1,000 crore seedlings are said to have been distributed or planted. There are new laws for control of air and water pollution and for the conservation of forests. India has been praised all over the world for what it has done to preserve tigers. Nearly three per cent of India’s giant land mass is now protected national parks and wildlife sanctuaries, and there are demands to strengthen their protection and increase their area. Plan documents and party manifestoes take care to mention the importance of environment. But there is a major problem with this entire range of activities and concerns: it does not appear to be based on a holistic understanding of the relationship between environment and the development process in this country. The programmes are ad hoc, without clear priorities, and there is too much of a policeman’s attitude. They seem to be based on the belief that concern for the environment essentially means protecting and conserving it, partly from development programmes but mainly from the people themselves. There is little effort to modify the development process itself in a manner that will bring it into greater harmony with the needs of the people and with the need to maintain ecological balance, while increasing the productivity of our land, water and forest resources. -
Curriculum Vitae
CURRICULUM VITAE Permanent address: #308 Dr. Shamsher Singh S/o. Darshan singh Dera Baba Nanak Road, Sunder Nagar, Batala, Distt: Gurdaspur 143505 (Punjab) India. Contact No.: 8146377998 E-mail: [email protected] Office Address: Dr. Shamsher Singh Assistant Professor, Khalsa College of Law, Ramtirath Road, Amritsar143001 (Punjab) (Dr. Shamsher Singh) Personal Information: - 1 Father’s Name: S. Darshan Singh 2 Date of Birth : 11-04-1981 3 Gender : Male 4 Martial Status: Married EDUCATIONAL INFORMATION: YEAR DEGREE/ CERTIFICATE UNIVERSITY/BOARD PERCENTAGE/DIVISION 2015 Ph.D. Guru Nanak Dev University, Degree has been Amritsar. awarded by the Syndicate of Guru Nanak Dev University, Amritsar at its meeting held on 29/06/2015 (Ph.D. Gazette Notification No. Ph.D/2/2015-2016) December Pre-Ph.D Course Work. Guru Nanak Dev University, Amritsar A+ Grade 2010 June 2010 JRF UGC ------------------------ 2006 LL.M. Guru LL.MNanak ( Dev2Y University, Amritsar 63.8% 1ST 2004 LL.B. (FYIC) Guru Nanak Dev University, 62.5% Regional Campus, Gurdaspur 1ST 2002 B.A., (Laws) Guru Nanak Dev University, 60.8% Regional Campus, Gurdaspur 1ST 1999 10+2 Punjab .School Education Board 65.1% 1ST 1997 Matriculation Punjab School Education Board 62.6% 1ST AREA SPECIALIZATIONS/RESEARCH INTEREST: Environmental Law. EXPERIENCE: Teaching Experience: 9 years Research Experience: 1. LL.M. Dissertation: Constitution and the Law relating to Bio-Medical Waste Management in India- An Appraisal. 2. Ph.D. Thesis: Sustainable Development and Environment Protection Laws in India with Special Reference to Air Pollution in Ludhiana City. Research Papers: Sn Title of Paper Name of Published By ISSN/Refereed/ Peer Vol./Edition/Pg Journal Reviewed/Registered No. -
Legal Framework for Conservation of Coastal and Marine Environment of India: a Review CMPA Technical Report Series No
1 Legal Framework for Conservation of Coastal and Marine Environment of India: A Review CMPA Technical Report Series No. 02 Legal Framework for Conservation of Coastal and Marine Environment of India: A Review Author Lawyers Initiative for Forests and Environment Published by Deutsche Gesellschaft für Internationale Zusammenarbeit (GIZ) GmbH Indo-German Biodiversity Programme (IGBP), GIZ-India, A-2/18, Safdarjung Enclave, New Delhi - 110029, India E-Mail: [email protected] Web: www.giz.de November 2013 Responsible Dr. Konrad Uebelhör, Director, GIZ Design and Layout Commons Collective, Bangalore [email protected] Disclaimer The views expressed in this document are solely those of the authors and may not in any circumstances be regarded as stating an official position of the Ministry of Environment, Forests and Climate Change (MoEFCC), Government of India, nor the German Federal Ministry for the Environment, Nature Conservation, Building and Nuclear Safety (BMUB) or the Deutsche Gesellschaft für Internationale Zusammenarbeit (GIZ) GmbH. The designation of geographical entities and presentation of material in this document do not imply the expression of opinion whatsoever on the part of MoEFCC, BMUB, or GIZ concerning the legal or development status of any country, territory, city or area or of its authorities, or concerning the delimitation of its frontiers or boundaries. Reference herein to any specific organization, consulting firm, service provider or process followed does not necessarily constitute or imply its endorsement, recommendation or favouring by MoEFCC, BMUB or GIZ. Citation Lawyers Initiative for Forest and Environment. 2014.Legal Framework for Conservation of Coastal and Marine Environment of India: A Review.CMPA Technical Series No. -
Lake Anasagar, Ajmer, Rajasthan, India
Evidence‐Based Holistic Restoration of Lake Anasagar, Ajmer, Rajasthan, India Deep Narayan Pandey1*, Brij Gopal2, K. C. Sharma3 1 Member Secretary, Rajasthan State Pollution Control Board, Jaipur – 302015; Email: [email protected] 2 Ex-Professor, Jawahar Lal Nehru University, New Delhi, currently at Centre for Inland Waters in South Asia, National Institute of Ecology, Jaipur, Rajasthan 302017; Email: [email protected] 3 Professor and Head, Department of Environmental Science Central University of Rajasthan, NH-8 Bandarsidri, Kishangarh – 305801 Ajmer, Rajasthan, Email: [email protected] Views expressed in this paper are those of the authors; they do not necessarily represent the views of RSPCB or the institutions to which authors belong. Rajasthan State Pollution Control Board 4-Jhalana Institutional Area Jaipur 302 004, Rajasthan, India www.rpcb.nic.in 1 CONTENTS 1. Introduction 3 2. Present status of Lake Anasagar 3 3. Multiple stressors degrading the Lake Anasagar 4 3.1. Disposal of raw sewage and municipal wastewater 5 3.2. Discharge of detergents 6 3.3. Discharge of residual pesticides and fertilizers 7 3.4. Sedimentation due to soil erosion 7 3.5. Challenges of land ownership and encroachment 8 4. Holistic restoration of Lake Anasagar 8 4.1. Waste and sewage management 9 4.2. Forest restoration in the watershed 11 4.3. Sequential restoration of vegetation in sand dunes 12 4.4. Management of urban green infrastructure 13 4.5. Periodic sediment removal from lake 14 4.6. Macrophyte restoration in littoral zone of lake 15 4.7. Recovery of costs and reinvestment in urban systems 16 4.8. -
India's Urban Environment: Air and Water Pollution And
View metadata, citation and similar papers at core.ac.uk brought to you by CORE provided by Munich Personal RePEc Archive MPRA Munich Personal RePEc Archive India's urban environment: air and water pollution and pollution abatement Kala S. Sridhar and Surender Kumar December 2012 Online at https://mpra.ub.uni-muenchen.de/43810/ MPRA Paper No. 43810, posted 15. January 2013 12:41 UTC India’s Urban Environment: Air and Water Pollution and Pollution Abatement Kala Seetharam Sridhar Public Affairs Centre 15, KIADB Industrial Area Bommasandra-Jigani Link Road Hennagara Post, Anekal Taluk Bangalore 562 106 INDIA Surender Kumar Department of Business Economics University of Delhi, South Campus, Benito Juarez Road New Delhi 110 021 INDIA Revised December 2012 1 Acknowledgements We thank the ADB and Dr.Guanghua Wan of ADB for the opportunity to work on this paper. We gratefully acknowledge comments received at a workshop on Green Urbanization in Asia which was held in Manila, Philippines, in April 2012. Support received from Public Affairs Centre and Delhi University for completing this work is acknowledged and appreciated. Any errors remain ours. 2 Abstract This paper focuses on air and water pollution in India’s cities, provides empirical evidence to demonstrate the seriousness of the challenges, discusses the relevant policies of national and local government that are used to address the challenges, discusses relevant political economy issues related to introducing pollution taxes or other policies which are aimed at “green” cities. Key words: Urbanisation, Environment, Air pollution, Water pollution, Fiscal instruments 3 Air and Water Pollution in Urban India Growing urbanization is posing serious environmental concerns in India in terms of changing land use pattern, increasing carbon emissions, solid waste generation and disposal, air and water pollution, and poor sanitation amenities. -
Seasonal Effects of Water Quality on Infant and Child Health in India
Seasonal Effects of Water Quality on Infant and Child Health in India Elizabeth Brainerd Nidhiya Menon Version: October 1, 2012 Abstract: This paper examines the impact of fertilizer agrichemicals in water on infant and child health using water quality data combined with data on the health outcomes of infants and children from the 1992-93, 1998-99, and 2005-06 Demographic and Health Surveys of India. Because fertilizers are applied at specific times in the growing season, the concentrations of agrichemicals in water vary seasonally and by cropped area as some Indian states plant predominantly summer crops while others plant winter crops. Our identification strategy exploits the differing timing of the planting seasons across regions and differing seasonal prenatal exposure to agrichemicals to identify the impact of agrichemical contamination on various measures of child health. The results indicate that children exposed to higher concentrations of agrichemicals during their first month experience worse health outcomes on a variety of measures (infant mortality, neo-natal mortality, height-for-age z scores and weight-for-age z-scores); these effects are largest among the most vulnerable groups, particularly the children of uneducated poor women living in rural India. J.E.L. Classification Codes: O12, I15, Q53, Q56 Key words: Fertilizer Agrichemicals, Water Pollutants, Child Health, Infant Mortality, India Thanks to Andrew Foster, Dilip Mookherjee, and John Strauss for comments on research design. Thanks to Linda Bui, Sonia Bhalotra, Rema Hanna and seminar participants at Brandeis, the IGC-ISI Conference in New Delhi, India, Williams College, the Fletcher School for Law and Diplomacy at Tufts University, and IGC Growth Week 2012. -
Can Environmental Policy Reduce Infant Mortality?
WPS7799 Policy Research Working Paper 7799 Public Disclosure Authorized Can Environmental Policy Reduce Infant Mortality? Evidence from the Ganga Pollution Cases Public Disclosure Authorized Quy-Toan Do Shareen Joshi Samuel Stolper Public Disclosure Authorized Public Disclosure Authorized Development Research Group Poverty and Inequality Team August 2016 Policy Research Working Paper 7799 Abstract In many developing countries, environmental quality estimate a pollution-mortality dose-response function remains low and policies to improve it have been incon- across twenty-nine rivers in the Ganga Basin, instrumenting sistently effective. This paper conducts a case study of for pollution with its upstream counterpart. The estimation environmental policy in India, focusing on unprecedented reveals a significant external health burden of river pollution, Supreme Court rulings that targeted industrial pollution in not just in the district of measurement, but also on down- the Ganga River. In a difference-in-differences framework, stream communities. It further provides suggestive evidence the rulings are found to have precipitated reductions in that reducing pollution was an important driver behind river pollution and one-month infant mortality, both of declines in infant mortality observed after the rulings. which persist for more than a decade. The authors then This paper is a product of the Poverty and Inequality Team, Development Research Group. It is part of a larger effort by the World Bank to provide open access to its research and make a contribution to development policy discussions around the world. Policy Research Working Papers are also posted on the Web at http://econ.worldbank.org. The authors may be contacted at [email protected]. -
Emerging Global Markets: a Five-Country Comparative Study Frank Cost
Rochester Institute of Technology RIT Scholar Works Books 2007 Emerging global markets: A Five-country comparative study Frank Cost Stanley Widrick Follow this and additional works at: http://scholarworks.rit.edu/books Recommended Citation Cost, Frank and Widrick, Stanley, "Emerging global markets: A Five-country comparative study" (2007). Accessed from http://scholarworks.rit.edu/books/9 This Full-Length Book is brought to you for free and open access by RIT Scholar Works. It has been accepted for inclusion in Books by an authorized administrator of RIT Scholar Works. For more information, please contact [email protected]. Emerging Global Print Markets: A Five-Country Comparative Study By Stanley Widrick, Ph.D. Senior Associate Dean E. Philip Saunders College of Business Rochester Institute of Technology Frank Cost Associate Dean College of Imaging Arts and Sciences Rochester Institute of Technology A Research Monograph of the Printing Industry Center at RIT No. PICRM-2006-06 Emerging Global Print Markets: A Five-Country Comparative Study Part A By Stanley Widrick, Ph.D. Senior Associate Dean E. Philip Saunders College of Business Rochester Institute of Technology Frank Cost Associate Dean College of Imaging Arts and Sciences Rochester Institute of Technology A Research Monograph of the Printing Industry Center at RIT Rochester, NY October 2007 PICRM-2006-06 © 2007 Printing Industry Center at RIT— All rights reserved. i With Thanks The research agenda of the Printing Industry Center at RIT and the publication of research findings are supported by the following organizations: bc ii Widrick & Cost (PICRM-2006-06) Table of Contents Table of Contents Acknowledgements ...................................................................................................... -
Collective Journey of the Globe Francis P Xavier SJ Vice President for Academics and Research, Jesuit Worldwide Learning, Geneva
Enviro-Club inaugural address: Loyola College Aug2018 Collective Journey of the Globe Francis P Xavier SJ Vice President for Academics and Research, Jesuit Worldwide Learning, Geneva Respected officials and faculty members and dear students of Enviro- Club of Loyola College. Where are we? Status of our Environment: Environment might be one of the most important treasures entrusted to us, but human beings do end up treating it recklessly. We have exploited it to the maximum and now the environment is reacting through natural disasters, water shortage, air pollution etc. Other outcomes of environment exploitation are complex diseases, ever increasing child- mortality, hunger, and poverty. In order to raise awareness about protecting our environment, which is our Mother Nature, every year June 5 is celebrated as World Environment Day designated by the United Nations. The day also reminds and enables us to be more responsible in the way we conduct ourselves and treat the environment with respect and reverence. India is the global host this year and the theme is ‘Beat Plastic Pollution’. It started in 1974 and since then the day has provided a global platform for like-minded people to reach out to each other. One million plastic bottles are purchased every minute. In Kenya, Africa plastic bags are banned – Before alighting the flight, announcement is made not to take any plastic bags with you. And you do not see plastic bags scattered around in Kenya. Each year 1.7 million deaths of children under 5 years old are linked to the present environmental situation. According to the Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change, "warming in the Arctic, as indicated by daily maximum and minimum temperatures, has been as great as in any other part of the world." The period of 1995–2005 was the warmest decade in the Arctic since at least the 17th century, with temperatures 2°C (3.6°F) above the 1951–1990 average.