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AUS'un Türkiyede'ki Km Taşları

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AUS'un Türkiyede'ki Km Taşları AKILLI ULAŞIM SİSTEMLERİNİN TÜRKİYE’DEKİ KM TAŞLARI MILESTONES of ITS in TURKEY Misyonumuz Mission Türkiye’nin AUS politikalarının oluşturulmasına ve AUS Contributing to the formation of the country policy and also uygulamaların ulusal-uluslararası düzeyde gelişmesi ve development / deployment of ITS systems throughout national yaygınlaşmasına paydaşlarımızın görüşlerini yansıtarak katkı and international area by reflecting the view of all Turkish verilmesi AUS Türkiye’nin öncelikli misyonudur. stakeholders is the main mission of ITS Turkey. Vizyonumuz Vision Gelişen yeni teknolojilerle uyum içinde çalışan, bilgi ve iletişim ITS Systems in Turkey, working in harmony with the new teknolojileri ile yönlendirilen ve yönetilen, aynı zamanda kendi developing technologies, directed and managed by the içinde olduğu kadar dünyayla da entegre olmuş Akıllı Ulaşım Information and Communication Technologies, and integrated Sistemleri AUS Türkiye’nin gelecek vizyonunun çatısını belirler. with the world’s ITS Systems is the vision of ITS Turkey. Önsöz 1 Preface ızla gelişen teknolojiler günümüz Rapidly developing technologies deeply affect Htoplumunun ekonomik ve sosyal hayat the economic and social lifestyle of today’s tarzını derinden etkilemektedir. Bunun society. The most significant reflection of this ulaşım alanındaki en belirgin yansıması in the area of transportation is the increase in ise hareketliliğin artması olmuştur. mobility. As a consequence, especially on the Özellikle karayolu ağırlıklı gelişen ulaştırma areas where transportation systems mainly sistemlerinde artan hareketliliğin olağan developed based on highways, problems such sonucu olarak trafik sıkışıklığı, kazaların as traffic congestion, increase in accidents artması ve çevre kirliliği gibi problemler and environmental pollution arise. ortaya çıkmaktadır. “Sustainable transport”, which will eliminate Artan hareketliliğin olumsuz etkilerini and/or at least reduce the adverse impacts ortadan kaldıracak, en azından azaltacak of increasing mobility, and also support the ve aynı zamanda gelişmeye destek verecek development of mobility is the common goal “sürdürülebilir ulaşım” bütün toplumların of all communities. Considering the scale and Erol YANAR ortak hedefi durumundadır. Ulaştırma complexity of transport systems, it is difficult AUS Türkiye Başkanı sistemlerinin ölçek ve karmaşıklığı dikkate to achieve this goal without technology ITS Turkey President alındığında bu hedefin teknoloji destekli ciddi supported planning and management. As bir planlama ve yönetim yapısı olmaksızın a solution, the development of effective and sağlanabilmesi güçtür. Çözüm olarak, başta efficient Intelligent Transportation Systems bilgi ve iletişim teknolojilerindeki gelişmeler (ITS) has been promoted by taking advantage olmak üzere, farklı alanlardakilerden ulaştırma of the increasingly widespread usage of alanında yararlanılması, başka bir ifade ile information and communication technologies etkin ve verimli Akıllı Ulaşım Sistemleri (ICT), as well as improvements in various fields (AUS) geliştirilmesi yoluna gidilmiştir. for the last 30 years. 2 Akıllı Ulaşım Sistemleri sayesinde; seyahat sürelerinin azaltılması, trafik Through ITS, it is aimed to reduce travel times, increase traffic safety and güvenliği ve mobilitenin arttırılması, enerji verimliliği sağlanarak ülke to contribute to the economy of the country by providing energy efficiency ekonomisine katkıda bulunulması ve çevreye verilen zararın azaltılması and to reduce the damage caused to the environment. amaçlanmaktadır. Entering our lives firstly with the application of traffic signal systems, ITS Dünyada ilk kez sinyalizasyon sistemleri uygulamaları ile hayatımıza systems continues to develop with increased number of applications giren AUS, zaman içerisinde farklı alanlara yayılarak birçok uygulama ile spreading to many fields over time. Starting with limited applications in gelişimine devam etmiştir. Türkiye’de 1960’lı yıllarda sınırlı uygulamalar ile Turkey in the 1960s, ITS practices accelerated its development especially başlayan AUS uygulamaları, özellikle 2000’li yılların başında bilgi ve iletişim in the early 2000s with advances in Information and Communication teknolojilerinde yaşanan gelişmeler ve internet erişiminin artması ile Technologies (ICT) and increased internet access and has touched our gelişimini hızlandırmış ve hayatımıza daha fazla dokunur olmuştur. lives more. Her şeyin hızla değiştiği çağımızda en yeni ve birçoklarını hayretler State of the art technologies, applications, systems that astounded most içerisinde bırakan teknolojiler, uygulamalar, sistemler kısa süre içerisinde of the citizens disappears relatively in a short time. E-mail, mobile phones, kanıksanmakta ve eskimektedir. 20-30 sene önce kimsenin duymadığı electronic payment systems etc. were not known 20-30 years ago. Now bilmediği internet, e-posta, GSM, elektronik ödeme, kredi kartı vb. they are part of our lives and may be forgotten 30 years later. teknolojiler günümüzde yaşamın olmazsa olmaz parçalarıdır. As ITS Turkey, we wanted to remind the development of ITS practices in AUS Türkiye olarak, günümüzde yaşamımızın ayrılmaz parçaları haline gelen Turkey which have become an insepareble part of our lives in chronological AUS uygulamalarının gelişimini kronolojik olarak hatırlatmak istedik. İlk terms. Although it contains the most advanced technology of the time when uygulandıklarında zamanının en ileri teknolojisini içerse de miadını doldurarak they were first applied, now some of them are discerded and some of them hayatımızdan çıkan uygulamaları hatırlatarak gelecek nesillere de aktarmak are going to be discarded in near future. Our aim is to hand down these amaçlı bu çalışmada eksiklerimiz olabilir. Siz değerli paydaşlarımızdan bunları applications to the next generations. May be some of them are not given bize bildirerek çalışmanın ileriki versiyonlarında eksiklerin giderilmesine katkı in this study. We kindly ask to the ITS stakeholders to provide us the missing sağlamanız dileği ile AUS’un gelişimine katkı sağlayarak insanımızın hayatını applications for the next edition of this study. We owe thanks to everyone who kolaylaştıran herkese teşekkürü bir borç biliyoruz. facilitates the lives of our people by contributing to the development of ITS. MILESTONES OF INTELLIGENT TRANSPORTATION SYSTEMS IN TURKEY 3 BOĞAZİÇİ KÖPRÜSÜ ÜCRET TOPLAMA SİSTEMİ 1973 Bosphorus Bridge Toll Ülkemizde ilk ücretli yol uygulaması Boğaziçi Collection System Köprüsü’nün 1973 yılında trafiğe açılmasıyla başlamıştır. Köprünün ilk yıllarında tesis edilen ücret toplama sistemi araç sınıflarına göre belirlenen nakit ödeme esasına dayalıydı. Sistemin ana unsurlarını Avrupa-Asya yönünde yerleştirilmiş ücret toplama gişeleri ve işletme binasında bulunan gişe kontrol merkezi oluşturmaktaydı. Gişelerde yapılan ücret toplama işlemleri haberleşme hattı ile gişe kontrol merkezine iletilmekte ve veriler merkezi olarak kaydedilmekteydi. The first Toll Collection System of Turkey plazas located in Europe-Asia direction started with the opening of the Bosphorus Bridge and a toll control center in the operating in 1973. The toll collection system established in building. The toll collection processes at the the early years of the bridge was based on the toll plazas were linked to the toll control center cash payment method depend on vehicle classes. via the communication line and the data were The main elements of the system were the toll recorded centrally. AKILLI ULAŞIM SİSTEMLERİNİN 4 TÜRKİYE’DEKİ KM TAŞLARI KGM OTOYOL ÜCRET KGM ACİL DURUM İLK ARAÇ TOPLAMA SİSTEMİ 1992 YÖNETİM SİSTEMİ 1992 TAKİP SİSTEMİ 1994 DG Highways DG Highways Roadside First Vehicle Tracking System Fee Collection System Emergency Management System Otoyol üzerinde seyreden araçların kat ettikleri Yol kullanıcılarının, seyahatleri sırasında SATKO 1994’te Türk nakliye firmalarına mesafe ve araç sınıfına göre ücretlendirildiği karşılaştıkları kaza, arıza vb. acil durumları uydu araç takip ve şoför iletişim sistemleri operatörlü bir sistemdir. telefon üniteleri aracılığı ile Otoyol Bakım sunmaya başladı. İşletme Merkezine ilettikleri sistemlerdir. It was an operator operated system In 1994, SATKO began to offer satellite vehicle where the vehicles on the motorway were It was the system that road users report tracking and driver communication systems to charged according to their travel distance accidents, breakdowns, problems etc. Turkish transportation companies. and vehicle class. encountered during their travel to the Highway Maintenance and Operation Center via telephone units. MILESTONES OF INTELLIGENT TRANSPORTATION SYSTEMS IN TURKEY 5 İSTANBUL AKBİL ÜCRET OTOYOL NAKİT ÜCRET İLK TRAFİK TOPLAMA SİSTEMİ 1995 TOPLAMA SİSTEMİ 1995 KONTROL MERKEZİ 1998 İstanbul Public Highway Cash Fee First Traffic Control Center Transportation Payment Collection System System (AKBİL) Trafik akışının sürekliliğinin sağlanması, yol ağı kapasitesinin etkin olarak kullanılması, İBB tarafından 1995 yılında uygulamaya Aselsan tarafından gerçekleştirilen ilk yerli trafiğin 7/24 gerçek zamanlı izlenmesi, konulan ve İstanbul genelinde toplu taşımada Otoyol Ücret Toplama sistemi, girişlerde kontrol edilmesi, tek merkezden kontrolü kullanılan elektronik ücret toplama sistemidir. manyetik bilet, çıkışlarda ödeme yöntemi ve yönetimi için kurulan ilk merkezdir. Bu Yerini 2009 yılında İSTANBULKART’a olarak nakit ve kupon kullanılıyordu. merkez İstanbul İstiklal Caddesi’ndedir. bırakmıştır. The first national Highway Fee Collection
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