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Lower and Middle Ordovician Conodonts from the Thung Song and Thung Wa Areas, Southern Peninsular Thailand

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Lower and Middle Ordovician Conodonts from the Thung Song and Thung Wa Areas, Southern Peninsular Thailand Paleontological Research, vol. 10, no. 3, pp. 215–231, September 30, 2006 6 by the Palaeontological Society of Japan Lower and Middle Ordovician conodonts from the Thung Song and Thung Wa areas, southern peninsular Thailand SACHIKO AGEMATSU1, KATSUO SASHIDA1, SIROT SALYAPONGSE2 AND APSORN SARDSUD2 1Graduate School of Life and Environmental Sciences, University of Tsukuba, Ibaraki, 305-8572, Japan (e-mail: [email protected]) 2Geological Survey Division, Department of Mineral Resources, Rama VI, Bangkok, 10400, Thailand Received September 12, 2005; Revised manuscript accepted May 18, 2006 Abstract. Lower and Middle Ordovician conodonts from the Thung Song Group, in the Thung Song and Thung Wa areas of southern peninsular Thailand, are described and illustrated here for the first time. These conodonts are divided into faunas A, B, and C, which are middle to late Arenigian, middle Arenigian to Darriwilian or Caradocian, and late Arenigian to early Caradocian, respectively. Fauna A resembles faunas in Australia, South China, the Argentine Precordillera, and North America. Fifteen species belonging to twelve genera were studied systematically. Key words: conodont, Ordovician, Thailand, Thung Song, Thung Wa Introduction north and Sra (or Sa) Kaeo-Chanthaburi to the south (Figure 1). Lower Paleozoic to Cenozoic sedimentary The Ordovician Thung Song Group (Bunopas, rocks on a Precambrian basement are widely present 1981, 1992; Wongwanich et al., 1990) of southern in the Shan-Thai Block. Bunopas (1992) divided these peninsular Thailand consists mainly of argillaceous sedimentary rocks into five stratigraphic belts, desig- limestones, which are locally well exposed, form con- nated BS-1 to BS-5 (Figure 1). The Lower to Middle spicuous karst topography, and contain several index Paleozoic strata of BS-3, in which the present study macrofossils. Although this area is one of the strato- sections are located, consist of the following three types for the Lower Paleozoic in Thailand (Wongwa- stratigraphic units (Bunopas, 1992): the Cambrian nich et al., 1990), its lithostratigraphy and chronostra- Tarutao Group, the Ordovician Thung Song Group, tigraphy have not been fully studied. Furthermore, and the Silurian to Devonian Thong Pha Phum detailed correlation of this group within southern pen- Group. The Thung Song Group, the type locality of insular Thailand has not yet been undertaken. During which is in the Thung Song area, Nakorn Sri Tham- our field work in March of 2003, we collected sixteen marat Province, mainly comprises carbonate rocks limestone samples in the Thung Song and Thung Wa (Javanaphet, 1969) with sporadic macrofossils such as areas to extract conodonts. We recovered twelve gen- trilobites, brachiopods, and orthoceratid nautiloids era and sixteen species of Ordovician conodonts and (Kobayashi and Hamada, 1964; Hamada, 1964; Stait have established three conodont zones in this area. and Burrett, 1984; Cocks et al., 2005). Wongwanich Most of these conodonts are reported for the first et al. (1990) subdivided the Thung Song Group in this time in Thailand. This study describes the conodonts area into the Khao Ngiap Limestone, Khao Nui Lime- and discusses the correlation of the conodont faunas. stone,andthePaKaeFormation, in ascending order. Cocks et al. (2005) reviewed the Ordovician sequences Geologic setting distributed in the southern peninsular Thailand, and temporarily termed these rocks, in ascending order, The geologic framework of Thailand consists of two the Thung Song Limestone, the Satun Shale, and the principal elements, the western Shan-Thai and eastern Pa Kae Formation. The composition of the Thung Indochina blocks (Bunopas, 1981). According to Bu- Song Group is complicated because continuous sec- nopas (1981), these two blocks have a suture zone be- tions comprising the lower to upper Thung Song tween them, which is called the Nan-Uttradit to the Group have not yet been observed, and only parts of 216 Sachiko Agematsu et al. tions of quartz grains. Fossils were not observed in thin section samples. We collected nine samples from the thickly bedded limestone. TUW 1 section This section is located along a road about 10 km northeast of Thung Wa City (7100808N, 99460 509E) and is composed of thickly bedded limestones, some several tens of cm thick. Limestones of this sec- tion strike N20E and dip 15 to S, total about 20 m thick, are brownish gray, and are characterized by a stylolitic texture parallel to the bedding plane. The limestones consist of lime mudstone to wackestone, based on microscopic observation. Fine-grained clasts of ostracods, gastropods and bivalves, and silt-sized to very fine-grained quartz are contained in a micritic matrix. The stylolitic texture consists of veins of dolo- mitized micrite. We collected six samples from this section. TUW 2 section This section is located about 6 km east of Thung Wa City, and most of its lithological features coincide with those of the TUW 1 section. The limestones are dark gray and strike N30E and dip 45 to S. The total Figure 1. 1, Index map showing the study areas and strati- thickness of this section is about 80 m, and we col- graphic belts on the Shan-Thai Block of Thailand by Bunopas lected eight samples from it. The microscopic charac- (1992). 2, Index map showing the two studied sections (TUW 1 and TUW 2). teristics of these limestones are similar to those of the TUW 1 section. the Ordovician rocks are exposed locally. In this Conodont faunas paper, we provisionally use ‘‘Thung Song Group’’ as the Ordovician limestone discussed here. We attempted to extract conodont specimens from 23 samples in the three sections by using acetic acid, Study sections and separated specimens from residues with a heavy liquid (sodium polytungstate). Conodonts were recov- Ordovician conodonts have been recovered from ered from nearly all samples, although the abundance three sections, the TUS section in the Thung Song of specimens was low. Most of the conodonts are coni- area, and the TUW 1 and TUW 2 sections in the form elements, and are black, with a Color Alterna- Thung Wa area (Figure 1). The location and lithostra- tion Index of 5 (Epstein et al., 1977). We selected five tigraphy of each section are described below. samples from the TUS section, three from the TUW 1 section and eight from the TUW 2 section for our TUS section study; the conodonts in the other samples were not This section is located on the roadside about 10 km well preserved and contained too few specimens to southeast of Thung Song City (8000420N, 99440 identify. In total, we identified twelve genera and fif- 590E) and is characterized by repetitions of bedded teen species of conodont in these three sections (Fig- limestone with several-mm to 1-cm-thick laminations, ures 2–4, Table 1). These conodonts are divided into and thickly bedded limestone several tens of cm thick. faunas A, B, and C. Fauna A consists of conodonts The total thickness of this section is 30 m. These lime- from the samples TW-15, 16, and 17 in the lower part stones are pale gray and strike N30E and dip 35 to of the TUW 2 section. Conodonts of fauna B are ob- N. Under microscopic observation, this limestone is a tained from the samples TW-10, 11, 12, 13, and 14 in lime mudstone with silt- to very fine-sand sized quartz the middle to upper part of the TUW 2 section. Con- in a micritic matrix. Laminations consist of aggrega- odonts from the TUS section constitute fauna C. Ordovician conodonts from Thung Song 217 Figure 2. Columns of studied three sections showing the stratigraphic distribution of conodonts. Fauna A 1981), Protoprioniodus yapu Cooper, 1981, Cooper- Fauna A includes relatively abundant specimens ignathus aranda (Cooper, 1981), Periodon sp., Proto- and consists of eight species of conodont, Protopan- panderodus leonardii Serpagli, 1974, and Erraticodon derodus gradatus Serpagli, 1974, Paroistodus originalis patu Cooper, 1981. C. nyinti, P. yapu, C. aranda,and (Sergeeva, 1963), Cooperignathus nyinti (Cooper, P. leonardii are known to have short stratigraphic V Figure 3. SEM photos of conodonts. Scale bar indicates 100 mm. 1, 2. Protopanderodus leonardii Serpagli, lateral and aboral views of the a/b element, IGUT-ag1826, ag1838, sample TW-15. 3, 4. Panderodus nogamii (Lee). 3, lateral and aboral views of the f element, IGUT-ag1796, sample TS-5; 4, posterior and aboral views of the a element, IGUT-ag1798, sample TS-10. 5, 6. Walliserodus costatus Dzik. 5, lateral and aboral views of the symmetrical a/b element, IGUT-ag1799, sample TW-2; 6, lateral and aboral views of the asymmet- rical a/b element, IGUT-ag1800, sample TW-2. 7, 9–11. Acodus sp. 7, lateral and aboral views of the b element, IGUT-ag1805, sample TW- 10; 9, lateral and aboral views of the f element, IGUT-ag1804, sample TW-10; 10, lateral and aboral views of the e element, IGUT-ag1801, sample TW-10; 11, posterior and aboral views of the c element, IGUT-ag1802, sample TW-10. 8. Scolopodus sp., postero-lateral and aboral views of IGUT-ag1795, sample TS-5. 12, 13. Periodon aculeatus Hadding. 12, lateral and aboral views of the a element, IGUT-ag1807, sample TW-10; 13, lateral and aboral views of the e element, IGUT-ag1809, sample TW-13. 14, 15. Periodon sp. 14, lateral and aboral views of the b element, IGUT-ag1839, sample TW-16; 15, lateral and aboral views of the b element, IGUT-ag1837, sample TW-15. 16– 20. Paroistodus originalis (Sergeeva). 16–18, lateral and aboral views of the q element, IGUT-ag1814, 1831, 1822, sample TW-15; 19, 20, lateral and aboral views of the r element, IGUT-ag1834, 1828, sample TW-15. 21–23. Triangulodus larapintinensis (Crespin). 21, lateral and aboral views of the e element, IGUT-ag1810, sample TW-13; 22, lateral and aboral views of the f element, IGUT-ag1813, sample TW-14; 23, lateral and aboral views of the a element, IGUT-ag1812, sample TW-14.
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