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Regular Article New Chromosome Number Reports in Some Chromosome Science 14: 9-16, 2011 Jeelani et al. 9 Regular Article New chromosome number reports in some Polypetalous species from Kashmir Himalayas Syed Mudassir Jeelani, Santosh Kumari and Raghbir Chand Gupta Received: June 7, 2011 / Accepted: August 8, 2011 © 2011 by the Society of Chromosome Research Abstract from the area, 467 are endemic to this region (Dhar, 2002). Although a good contribution to the chromosome As a part of our programme to explore and evalu- database of plants from Kashmir Himalayas has been made ate genetic diversity of flowering plants from Kashmir by Mehra and Sachdeva (1971), Koul and Wakhlu (1976), Himalayas, at present 150 species of Polypetalae have Gohil and Koul (1978), Pandita and Mehra (1984), Hamal been meiotically worked out. It brings to light new/ var- and Koul (1986), Ashraf and Gohil (1989), Tak and Wafai ied chromosome number reports for 30 species. The (1997), Bhat et al. (1975) and Jee et al. (1983) but most taxa being cytologically worked out for the first time on of such a rich wealthy flora has remained cytologically world-wide basis include four species as Pleurospermum unexplored. To study the genetic diversity at intra- and densiflorum (n=11), Sedum wallichianum (n=36), Astrag- interspecific levels and to further enrich the chromosomal alus strobiliferus (n=8), Hedysarum cachemirianum (n=8) database of the lesser known Angiospermic species, the and one variety as Rosa macrophylla var. minor (n=7) present meiotic studies have been carried out from wide along with new intraspecific cytoypes in case of six spe- spread area covering up to 3,500 m altitude. cies as Cardamine loxostemonoides (n=8), Fumaria in- dica (n=6), G. ocellatum (n=14), Rosa pendulina (n=7), Sedum ewersii (n=36) and Sisymbrium orientale (n=14). Nineteen species which are being cytologically worked Materials and methods out for the first time from India include Barbarea inter- For meiotic studies, flower buds were collected from media (n=8), Corydalis cashmeriana (n=8), Descurainia different localities of selected areas of Kashmir Himalayas sophia (n=10), Epilobium alpinum (n=9), E. angustifolium (Table 1). Smears of appropriate sized flower buds were (n=18 and 36), E. cylindricum (n=18), E. hirsutum (n=18), made after fixing these in the Carnoy’s fixative, using E. palustre (n=9), Geranium sibiricum (n=14), Hypericum standard acetocarmine technique. Pollen fertility was perforatum (n=16), Impatiens bicornuta (n=9), Lupinus estimated by mounting mature pollen grains in glycero- polyphyllus (n=24), Oenothera drummondii (n=7), Ror- acetocarmine (1:1) mixture. Well-filled pollen grains ippa islandica (n=8), Sisymbrium strictum (n=7), Rubus with stained nuclei were taken as apparently fertile, while caesius (n=7), R. idaeus (n=7), R. saxatilis (n=14) and shriveled and unstained pollen grains were counted as Myricaria germanica (n=12). sterile. Photomicrographs of pollen mother cells and pollen grains were made from freshly prepared slides using Nikon Keywords: Polypetalae, Chromosome number reports, 80i eclipse Digital Imaging System. Voucher specimens Intraspecific cytotypes, Kashmir Himalayas are deposited in the Herbarium, Department of Botany, Punjabi University, Patiala (PUN). Introduction Kashmir Himalayas lie between 33º to 36º north latitude Results and Discussion and from 72º to 80º east longitude and occupy an area of It is interesting to note that the present study has brought about 2,22,800 sq. km. The altitude ranges from 1,700- to light in one or other way, newer chromosome counts 5,500 m (a.m.s.l.). It harbours enormous economically, in 30 species belonging to 20 genera and 10 families from medicinally and ethnobotanically important Angiosperms. different localities with altitudinal range of 1,700- 3,500 m Out of more than 3,000 species of Angiosperms reported from Kashmir Himalayas. The data regarding locality with altitude, accession number, present chromosome number, ploidy level, nature of meiotic course and pollen fertility of Syed Mudassir Jeelani (*) these species have been given in Table 1. The morphological Santosh Kumari field notes are provided only for those species which have Raghbir Chand Gupta been cytologically worked out for the first time on world- Department of Botany, Punjabi University Patiala 147 002, India wide basis. The previous chromosome reports are based [email protected] on chromosome number compilations by Darlington and 10 Chromosome number of Polypetalous species from Kashmir Hymalayas Table 1. Data showing location, altitude, accession number, present chromosome number, meiotic course, ploidy level and pollen fertility on members of Polypetalae from Kashmir Himalayas. Taxon Location/Altitude (m) Accession Meiotic Meiotic Ploidy Pollen Number Chromo- Course* Level Fertility (PUN) some Num- (x) (%) ber (n) Family: Apiaceae 1. Pleurospermum densiflorus Benth. ex C. B. Clarke Mahadev 34º10’N 75º00’E/ 2,900 54246 11 N 2x 96.30 Family: Balsaminaceae 2. Impatiens bicornuta Wall. Keller 33º47’N 74º45’E/ 2,000 54846 9 N 2x 95.45 Family: Brassicaceae 3. Barbarea intermedia Boreau Ferozpur Nallah 34º03’N 74º26’E 54270 8 A 2x 64.42 / 2,400 4. Cardamine loxostemonoides O.E. Schulz Ratnipora 33º54’N 74º56’E/ 1,700 52473 8 N 2x 96.55 5. Descurainia sophia (L.) Webb ex Prantl Yusmarg 33º47’N 74º39’E/2,600 54202 10 A 2x 63.45 6. Rorippa islandica (Oeder) Borbás Keller 33º47’N 74º45’E/ 2,000 54827 8 N 2x 98.50 7. Sisymbrium orientale L. Sonmarg 34º17’N 75º17’E/ 2,800 54234 14 N 4x 98.00 8. Sisymbrium strictum (Cambess.) Hook. f. & Batnoor-Tral 33º55’N 75º06’E/ 52475 7 A 2x 69.78 Thomson 2,300 Family: Crassulaceae 9. Sedum ewersii Ledeb. Chumnai 34º04’N 75º19’E/3,500 54830 36 N 8x 88.42 10. Sedum wallichianum Hook. Thajwas 34º17’N 75º17’E/ 3,100 54833 36 N 8x 89.50 [= Rhodiola wallichiana (Hook.) Fu] Family: Fumariaceae 11. Corydalis cashmeriana Royle Chumnai 34º04’N 75º19’E/ 3,500 54852 8 A 2x 66.00 12. Fumaria indica (Hausskn.) Pugsley Ratnipora 33º53’N 74º56’E/ 1,500 54836 6 A 2x 70.50 Family: Fabaceae 13. Astragalus strobiliferus Royle Mahadev 34º08’N 75º01’E/ 2,400 54216 8 N 2x 96.00 14. Hedysarum cachemirianum Benth.ex Baker Chumnai 34º04’N 75º19’E/ 3,500 54834 8 N 2x 95.50 15. Lupinus polyphyllus Lindl. Gulmarg 34º03’N 74º23’E/ 2,600 54826 24 A 4x 79.00 Family: Geraniaceae 16. Geranium lucidum L. Pahoo 33º52’N 74º50’E/ 1,700 54212 14 N 2x 88.70 17. Geranium ocellatum Jacqeum. Karmula Tral 33º55’N 75º06’E/ 53490 14 N 2x 93.00 2,300 18. Geranium sibiricum L. Aharbal 33º38’N 74º47’E/ 2,500 54850 14 N 2x 89.70 Family: Hypericaceae 19. Hypericum perforatum L. Gulmarg 34º03’N 74º23’E/ 2,600 54248 16 N 2x 90.00 Family: Onagraceae 20. Epilobium alpinum L. Chumnai 34º04’N 75º19’E/ 3,500 54838 9 N 2x 88.45 21. Epilobium angustifolium L. Aharbal 33º38’N 74º47’E/ 2,500 52489 18 N 4x 89.00 Aharbal 33º38’N 74º47’E/ 2,500 52490 36 N 8x 90.00 22. Epilobium cylindricum D. Don Tral 33º55’N 75º06’E/ 2,300 54264 18 N 4x 91.50 23. Epilobium hirsutum L. Keller 33º47’N 74º45’E/ 2,100 52476 18 N 4x 93.55 24. Epilobium palustre L. SKUAST-K Campus 34º09’N 52469 9 N 2x 88.40 74º45’E/ 1,750 25.Oenothera drummondii Hook. Ratnipora, 33º54’N 74º56’E/ 52482 7 N 2x 88.00 1,750 Family: Rosaceae 26. Rosa macrophylla Lindl. var. minor Keller 33º47’N 74º45’E/ 2,100 54237 7 A 2x 65.40 27. Rosa pendulina L. (=Rosa alpina L.) Zabarwan 34º06’N 74º52’E/ 54217 7 A 2x 62.73 1,800 28. Rubus caesius L. (=Rubus psilophyllus Nevski ) Bandzoo33º54’N 74º56’E/ 1,800 54249 7 A 2x 73.65 29. Rubus idaeus L. Dachigam 34º06’N 74º52’E/ 54230 7 A 2x 69.60 1,800 30. Rubus saxatilis L. Haripora 33º47’N 74º45’E/ 2,450 54829 14 A 4x 62.50 Family: Tamaricaceae 31. Myricaria germanica Desv. Haripora, 33º47’N 74º45’E/ 2,450 54822 12 N 2x 96.00 Meiotic course *N=Normal; *A= Abnormal. Wylie (1955), Fedorov (1974), Kumar and Subramaniam form of cytomixis, chromosomal stickiness, unoriented (1986), Index to Plant Chromosome Numbers from 1968 bivalents, inter-bivalent connections or formation laggards onwards, various Journals, Proceeding volumes and and bridges in the species marked with abnormal meiotic internet. Further, in case of any plant species having same course. Brief observations for each species are discussed chromosome number reported by more authors, at the below. most only four latest references have been mentioned in the text. Meiotic abnormalities have been observed in the Jeelani et al. 11 Figures 1– 20. 1). Pleurospermum densiflorus-PMC at A-I (n=11); 2). Impatiens bicornuta- PMC at M-II (n=9); 3). Barbarea intermedia- PMC at M-I (n=8); 4). Cardamine loxostemonoides- PMC at Diakinesis (n=8); 5). Descuriainia sophia- PMC at A-I(n=10); 6). Rorippa islandica- PMC at A-I (n=8); 7). Sisymbrium orientale- PMC at M-II (n=14); 8). Sisymbrium strictum- PMC at M-I (n=7); 9). Sedum ewersii- PMC at Diakinesis (n=36); 10). Sedum wallichianum- PMC at Diakinesis (n=36); 11). Corydalis cashmeriana- PMC at A-I (n=8); 12). Fumaria indica- PMC at A-II ( n=6); 13). Astragalus strobiliferus- PMC at A-I (n=8), 14). Hedysarum cachemirianum- PMC at A-I (n=8); 15). Lupinus polyphyllus- PMC at A-II (n=24); 16). Geranium lucidum- PMC at M-I (n=14); 17). Geranium ocellatum- PMC at A-I (n=14); 18).
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