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Table of Contents

Preface ...... vii How to Use This Book ...... xi Research Topics for Defining Moments: The Stonewall Riots ...... xiii

NARRATIVE OVERVIEW Prologue ...... 3 Chapter 1: Homophobia and Discrimination ...... 9 Chapter 2: The LGBT Experience in ...... 23 Chapter 3: Raid on the ...... 37 Chapter 4: Growth of the LGBT Rights Movement ...... 53 Chapter 5: The AIDS Crisis and the Struggle for Acceptance ...... 65 Chapter 6: Progress in the Courts ...... 79 Chapter 7: Legacy of the Stonewall Riots ...... 95

BIOGRAPHIES Marsha P. Johnson (1945–1992) ...... 107 Stonewall Riot Participant and Transgender Rights Activist (1925–2011) ...... 111 Father of the LGBT Rights Movement (1935–) ...... 116 LGBT Rights Activist and New York Leader

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Defining Moments: The Stonewall Riots

Seymour Pine (1919–2010) ...... 120 New York Police Inspector Who Led the Stonewall Inn Raid Sylvia Rivera (1951–2002) ...... 123 Stonewall Riot Participant and Transgender Rights Activist (1940–1993) ...... 127 Bookstore Owner, Activist, and Stonewall Riot Participant Martha Shelley (1943–) ...... 131 LGBT Rights Activist and Witness to the Stonewall Riots Howard Smith (1936–2014) ...... 135 Journalist Who Reported from Inside the Stonewall Inn

PRIMARY SOURCES A Medical Journal Exhibits Homophobia ...... 141 The Kinsey Report Explodes Myths about ...... 143 Lucian Truscott Covers the Stonewall Riots ...... 149 Howard Smith Reports from Inside the Bar ...... 154 Media Coverage Angers LGBT Activists ...... 158 Leaflet Protests “Intolerable Situation” ...... 163 Inspires Hope in LGBT People ...... 165 President Barack Obama Endorses Gay Marriage ...... 170 The Supreme Court Rules for Marriage Equality ...... 176 Students Describe Experiences with Homophobia ...... 179 The Stonewall Inn Gains National Recognition ...... 185

Important People, Places, and Terms ...... 187 Chronology ...... 195 Sources for Further Study ...... 205 Bibliography ...... 207 Photo and Illustration Credits ...... 211 Index ...... 213

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