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“private” Mafia-run Stonewall Inn. The bar, one of Participants of the Stonewall GREENWICH VILLAGE AND STONEWALL: THE SHOT Uprising in front of the bar, June the few that allowed dancing, was popular with 29, 1969. Photo credit: Fred W. PRE-STONEWALL LGBT LIFE HEARD ROUND THE WORLD a younger, diverse crowd. Instead of dispersing, McDarrah, Premium Archive the expected result of a routine raid, a crowd Collection, Getty Images. As early as the 1850s, gay men The Village emerged as the first The 1969 Stonewall Uprising was a key turning consisting of bar patrons, street youth, and congregated in Greenwich neighborhood with a significant point in the history of the LGBT civil rights neighborhood residents became increasingly Village. Pfaff’s, 647 Broadway at LGBT population in New York City movement in the U.S. The uprising dramatically angry and began chanting, throwing objects Bleecker Street, was a hangout for and one of the first nationally. changed the nearly two-decade-old movement as the police made arrests. Police called in “bohemians” such as Walt Whitman Through the 1960s, the area by inspiring LGBT people throughout the reinforcements but were barricaded inside and for men seeking men. Bleecker south of Washington Square was country to assertively organize on a broader the bar. For hours the police tried to clear the Street in the 1890s had a number of the location of many bars and scale. In the years that followed, hundreds of neighboring streets while the crowd fought “fairy” bars, often subject to raids, clubs that welcomed or merely new organizations were formed on campuses back. The rebellion lasted over the course of where cross-dressing young men tolerated LGBT patrons. Gay bars and in cities across the country as a younger six days to July 3. In the immediate aftermath solicited male customers. were crucial to creating a sense of generation of activists came out of the closet of Stonewall, the Gay Liberation Front and The picturesque Village prior to community and cultivating political and demanded full and equal rights. As historian the Gay Activists Alliance were formed in World War I became popular for the action in an era of discrimination. Lillian Faderman wrote, Stonewall was “the NYC in 1969. STAR (Street Transvestite Action artistic and socially and politically Washington Square Arch c. 1900. shot heard round the world...crucial because it Revolutionaries), an early transgender group, progressive. Middle-class gay men Photo Credit: Milstein Division, New York sounded the rally for the movement.” was founded in 1970 by Marsha P. Johnson and Public Library. and lesbians appropriated their own Sylvia Rivera. Within two years, LGBT rights spaces despite some opposition In the early hours of Saturday, June 28, 1969, groups had been started in nearly every major from fellow Villagers. police raided the city in the U.S. STONEWALL Court in 2013, and after the Supreme Court youth, and those who were CRUCIAL BECAUSE IT SOUNDED LGBT DISCRIMINATION RELEVANCE OF legalized same-sex marriage nationally in 2015. gender nonconforming it AND ACTIVISM THE RALLY FOR THE MOVEMENT. STONEWALL TODAY People commemorated here the victims of the was even more challenging. 2016 mass shooting at Pulse, a gay nightclub in The Mafia opened bars as —Lillian Faderman, historian, The Gay Revolution Stonewall has taken on shifting meanings. Orlando, Florida. members-only “bottle clubs.” The LGBT community historically When it was in operation in 1967-69, it was a No license was needed Pulse nightclub shooting memorial in front of the Stonewall Inn, suffered harassment, discrimination, and Mafia-run bar, and representative of the societal a day after Stonewall’s National Monument designation. and a vicious cycle began oppression from their families, organized harassment against the LGBT community. It has Photo credit: Wikimedia Foundation. of Mafia-police payoffs. religion, psychiatric professionals, and evolved into a National Historic Landmark and Police harassment of gay government. After Prohibition the New National Monument with worldwide symbolic bars and entrapment were DIVERSITY OF THE LGBT COMMUNITY York State Liquor Authority (SLA) in resonance. It is a shrine, symbol, rallying place top concerns of the LGBT 1934 was granted the power to revoke for civil rights and solidarity. It is a place for the license of bar owners who “permit community in the 1960s. The LGBT community broadly encompasses all ages, races, ethnicities, mourning and remembrance. It was the site for [their] premises to become disorderly” The Mattachine Society and nationalities, class levels, and gender identifications in the five boroughs of the rally after the Snake Pit arrests and the first and the mere presence of gay people Daughters of Bilitis were New York City. The events leading to Stonewall, the uprising itself, and the Pride March in 1970, the Anita Bryant protests in was considered disorderly. LGBT people two of the nation’s first gay political organizing afterward were due to a diverse range of participants and 1977, and demonstrations for LGBT civil rights in could not touch, dance together, make rights groups whose early activists. This tour represents a selection of sites associated with LGBT history the 1980s. More recently, people celebrated here direct eye contact, or wear clothes of political activism help lead to that are located within a very small geographic area surrounding the Stonewall for the legalization of same-sex marriage in New the opposite gender without fearing the Stonewall Uprising and Inn. As such, it does not represent the entire long LGBT history of Greenwich York State in 2011, the overturning of the federal arrest. For women, people of color, changes immediately after. Village, nor does it entirely reflect the diversity of today’s LGBT community. Defense of Marriage Act by the U.S. Supreme W 16th ST E 18th ST JANE ST JANE ST 3. NYC AIDS MEMORIAL AT ST. VINCENT’S W 15th ST E 17th ST W 12th ST W 12th ST W 13th ST THREE LGBT HISTORIC AREAS OF INTEREST TRIANGLE AND ENVIRONS, 1920S TO PRESENT E 16th ST 8th AVE W 14th ST BETHUNE ST BANK ST GREENWICH AVE W 12th ST Since the early 20th century, this neighborhood has been home BLEECKER ST ST W 13th ST E 15th ST 6th AVE to many LGBT people, establishments, and organizations, and BANK ST W 11th ST 5th AVE WEST WEST W 12th ST GREENWICH ST 1. WASHINGTON SQUARE PARK AND is closely associated with the AIDS epidemic. By the 1980s, 14 Street – Union Square W 11th ST PERRY ST 7th AVE S M W 11th ST E 13th ST Greenwich Village was the epicenter of the disease in the city. WAVERLY PL ENVIRONS, 1890s TO 1960s T PERRY ST CHARLES ST Since 1983, New York’s LGBT Community Center (208 West R W 10th ST E 12th ST By the 1890s, Bleecker Street was known for its CHARLES LN 13th Street) has served hundreds of thousands of people – W 10th ST various “dives” attracting men. The block of CHARLES ST W 9th ST E 11th ST UNIVERSITY PL STT 2. HUDSON RIVER WATERFRONT AND this is where ACT UP (AIDS Coalition to Unleash Power) and M TOPHERPH ST GROVE ST BROADWAY MacDougal Street just south of Washington Square GAY ST 5th AVEE 10th ST W 10th ST CHRISTOPHERChristChristopheCh STopherphererr StS StatioStationattionon other groups were organized and met. The former St. Vincent’s W 8th ST PIERS, 1890s TO PRESENT h A emerged as the cultural and social center of E ST 6th AVEWAVERLY PL E 9th ST Hospital had the first and largest AIDS ward on the East Coast. CHRISTOPHER ST GROVE ST Greenwich Village’s bohemian set, with an openly For over a century, the Greenwich Village waterfront PLL HUDSON ST BARROW ST OW ST NESES ST The New York City AIDS Memorial, at the intersection of 7th JONES ST gay and lesbian presence in the 1910s. Through along the Hudson River, including the Christopher BARROW ST and Greenwich Avenues and 12th Street, honors the more than the 1960s, the South Village was the location of Street Pier at West 10th and West Streets, has been MORTON ST West 4 Street – M E 8th ST Washington Square 100,000 New Yorkers who have died of AIDS and recognizes MORTON ST 7th AVE S many LGBT bars and commercial establishments. a destination for the LGBT community. It evolved W 3rd ST WASHINGTON SQUARE S NJ LEROY ST BEDFORD ST the contributions of caregivers and activists. GREENE ST GREENWICH ST WAVERLY PL Numerous LGBT writers and artists made the from a place of maritime commerce and waterfront LEROY ST Astor Place M Village their home. Meetings at several area saloons, to a popular locale for cruising and sex for The NYC AIDS Memorial. Photo credit: Erik McGregor/Pacific Press/Alamy Live News. CLARKSONMANHATTAN ST WASHINGTON PL BLEECKER ST BROADWAY SULLIVAN ST churches in the 1960s fostered LGBT gay men by the 1960s, to an important refuge for W 4th ST DOWNING ST W HOUSTON ST THOMPSON ST rights activism. marginalized queer youth of color today. COOPER SQ W 3rd ST Houston St M LAGUARDIA PL 129 MacDougal Street, c. 1939. Photo credit: NYC Dept. of Taxes, The Grace Line pier located at Christopher Street in an undated E 4th ST KING ST 6th AVE Municipal Archives. photo. Photo credit: Milstein Division, New York Public Library. BROOKLYN WASHINGTON ST HUDSON ST MERCER ST BOND ST CHARLTON ST COOPER SQ GREENWICH ST PRINCE ST W HOUSTON ST VANDAM ST LAFAYETTE ST VARICK ST W BROADWAY Photo credit: Leonard Fink. Courtesy LGBT Community Center National History West 12th St., 1970. Photo credit: Kay Tobin Lahusen, Manuscripts and Archives Photo credit: Glynnis Jones/Shutterstock.com.
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