DOCSLIB.ORG

California State University, Northridge

Total Page：16

File Type：pdf, Size：1020Kb

Download full-text PDF Read full-text
California State University, Northridge CALIFORNIA STATE UNIVERSITY, NORTHRIDGE TEACHING ABOUT IFAN TO AMERICAN SECONDARY STUDENTS A graduate project submitted in partial satisfaction of the requirements for the degree of Master of Arts in Secondary Education by Mostafa Mirzaee June, 1981 The Graduate Project of Mostafa Mirzaee is approved: Barnabas B. Hughes, Ph.D. RaymondJ M.cHugh, Ed. D. California State University, Northridge ii TABLE OF CONTENTS Page ABSTRACT v INTRODUCTION 1 CHAPTER I -- GEOGRAPHY AND HESOUP.CES 5 Geography 5 Pesources 8 CHAPTER II -- HISTORY OF IRAN 13 Pre-Islamic Period >/~ 13 ,' Post-Islamic Period 15 CHAPTER III -- SOCIETY 24 People and Language 24 Tribes 26 No-Rouz 31 .~c ,• r- Education 39 CHAPTER IV -- ECONOMY 42 Trade 42 Agriculture 43 Industry 44 Modernization 46 Oil 48 Carpets 51 iii CHAPTER V -- RELIGION 55 Early Beliefs 55 Zoroaster 56 Islam 57 Religious Minorities 68 CHAPTER VI -- ARTS, CRAFTS, LITERATURE 71 Arts 71 Crafts 78 Literature 79 CONCLUSION: IRAN HADE VISIBLE 84 BIBLIOGRAPHY 97 iv ABSTRACT TEACHING ABOUT IRAN TO AMERICAN SECONDARY STUDENTS by Mostafa Mirzaee Master of Arts in Secondary Education Iran has become the center of much discussion and analysis within the last few years. This project seeks to broaden and deepen the perspective of the American public about this controversial area of the world. The intent of the project has been to widen the base of knowledge of the American secondary student as well as to sharpen appreciation of the diversity and richness of the coun­ try's history and culture. In order to accomplish this task, the project discusses the geography, resources, his­ tory, society, economics, religion, and arts of Iran. To reinforce its purpose, the project includes a set of slides designed to assist in the visualization of this diverse culture. v The objectives of the project are that the student be able to identify and explain the significance of four main phases in the development of Iran. These are the Persian Empires, the impact of Islam, the influence of the West, and modern (to 1976) developments in Iran. As the Persian empire, Iran developed an unique iden­ tity which laid the foundation for the great civilization that was to follow. The influence of this civilization was to be felt throughout the entire Middle East. With the coming of Islam in the 7th century, the lifestyle, language, religion, arts, and basic values of the entire society were radically altered. Such a dramatic change came amid conquest and violence and met with strong inter­ nal resistance. However, gradually Islam was absorbed and adapted to the society and began to meet the basic needs of the people. Islam proved to be a dynamic, unifying principle within the culture for thirteen centuries. The 20th century thrust a new and strange reality into the life of the Muslim society. Western imperialist countries discovered Iran's vast supply of "black gold"-­ the life blood of the industrial reolution underway with­ in their countries. Gradually and subtly, complete control of the politi­ cal and economic life of the people shifted into the hands of the western powers. Control by such a strong, external force which pervaded the entire society had as radical an vi effect on Iran as Islam had had thirteen centuries earlier. Iran was now thrust into a central position in interna­ tional affairs--a position for which she needed to prepare herself to cope with. It is my hope that students, through this project will come to appreciate the society of Iran within its total historical and cultural context. Only a small seg­ ment of the richness of its life has been presented here. Much more study and experience are needed to handle ade­ quately the topic. Only through a mature approach to cul­ tural diversity can people hope to live harmoniously to­ gether within the human community, sharing a planet and its gifts. vii INTRODUCTION This project is a visual presentation of the most influential contributions, ideas and facts about the his- tory and development of Iranian society. This project is an area study, which will help students learn about one of the oldest parts of the world in the Middle East. The project includes 70 slides with accompanying captions of the pictures, maps, art works, monuments, and customs. The intent is to prepare a media presentation on Iran through the year 1976 that can be shown to secondary stu- dents in one class period. Iran is the country which has been important in al- /most any period of its long history. /The name Iran is ,/ c derived from the ancient Iranian genitive plural, Aryanan ) or land of the Aryans.( Since about the 11th century, B.C., Indo-European tribes have been settled in Persia, I1 the old name for Iran. These peoples' proverbial capacity i I for assimilation, combined with their proximity to cultur- / al centers of extraordinary importance in the ancient ''\ world, has made Persia both a cultural bridge and a melt- i I i ing-pot for a variety of civilizations which its inhabi- ; I l tants have succeeded in amalgamating. I The country was known in Europe for centuries as Persia. In 1935, the nation demanded official recogni- 1 2 tion as Iran. However, since 1949, it has accepted Persia as an official alternative. Iran lies in Western Asia, bordered by the U.S.S.R. to the north, Turkey and Iraq to the west, the Persian Gulf and the Gulf of Oman to the south, and Pakistan and Afghanistan to the east. It is roughly equal to the state of Kansas, Oklahoma, Texas, Colorado, and New Mexico combined. The population is over 35 million peo­ ple. The climate is one of great extremes. In the sum­ mer, temperatures of over 55 degrees C or 130 degrees F have been recorded, but in the winter the great altitude of much of the country results in termperatures of 18 de­ grees C or 0 degrees F and below. About 50% of the popu­ lation are Persian, and speak Farsi, or Persian. Turkic­ speaking Azerbaijanis form about 27% of the population, and Kurds, Arabs, Baluchis, and Turkamans form less than 25%. The chapter on history describes how Iran is one of the earliest civilizations in recorded history. Success­ ive civilizations have risen and fallen in this country which in the 20th century has assumed increasing import­ ance in the world because of its vast petroleum resources. The exploitation and search for oil in Persia has brought the country into world economics and power politics. A large part of the oil in Iran is linked by pipeline to the head of the Persian Gulf where at Abadan, one of the 3 largest refineries of the world is located. Actually, Abadan is the largest refinery in the Middle East, al­ though, this is not the only refinery in Iran. Minerals other than petroleum are exported, but on a much smaller scale. Such minerals as coal, iron, copper, and chrome can be found. Cereals (wheat, barley, and rice), sugar beets, cot­ ton, tea, and tobacco are chief crops. In addition to cereal crops, Iran produces vegetables, fruits, and nuts such as pistacios. Also, caviar is one of the main re­ sources which is exported. Art work particularly carpets, are another major resource. Knowledge of the early inhabitants of prehistoric Iran is limited. The earliest written records of the Iranians are of the old Persian cuneiform inscriptions of King Darius I in the 6th century B.C., but a long history preceded them. We know nothing of the migratiops of the Indo-Iranians into their final homelands in India and Iran. We can only conjecture about the circumstances of their movements from comparative philology and archaeolog~ The recent Iranian is racially the result of several thousand years of blending. The aboriginal groups mixed with the successive Aryan invaders and also with Central Asian peoples. Augmented by later Median and Persian incursions, they created a culture that has persisted for 3,000 years. In addition, the people of the Iranian 4 plateau interbred to some extent with Westerners, the Aramaeans, Greeks, and Arabs. ;.u'l l((f L ( / Approximately 98% of all Iranians profess Islam, the // J'fficial religion. ~1ost of them belong to the Ja 'Fari 1 / sect (Shiet), the minority branch of Islam. Kurds, ; {.1 Turkomans, and Arabs adhere to the majority branch of I Islam, the Sunni sect. The Shiet branch of Islam is it- \ i self split into many sects. Zoroastrians, Jews, and \ '"~ristians are recognized as official minorities. Primary education is free and compulsory for both sexes, but this has not been fully implemented in rural areas. Culturally, one of the paradoxes of Persian art is that perhaps more than any other aspect of Persian life, it has been subjected to foreign influences. Yet it has retained throughout history an unrnistakeable character of its own. Nearly every element can be traced back to some other act; and yet the bas-reliefs of Persepolis, the lus- tre-ware of the 13th centry, the carpets, the miniatures, the metalwork, even the crude lacquer work of the 19th century, are as distinctive as if they were part of a completely isolated civilization. This is also true of literature. It is hoped that this project may stimulate some of its readers to help in the task of making known to the Western world a culture and civilization which remains extremely important and significant today. 5 CHAPTER I GEOGRAPHY AND RESOURCES Geography Recent geological research has shown that before 15,000 B.C., when the greater part of Europe was covered by glaciers, the Iranian plateau was passing through a pluvial period, during which even the high valleys were under water.
Load more

Recommended publications
  • Karim Dahimi Place of Birth
    Page 1 of 15 Witness Statement of Karim Dahimi Witness Statement of Karim Dahimi Name: Karim Dahimi Place of Birth: Ahvaz, Iran Date of Birth: September 23, 1971 Occupation: Teacher Interviewing Organization: Iran Human Rights Documentation Center (IHRDC) Date of Interview: September 25, 2012 Interviewer: IHRDC Staff This statement was prepared pursuant to an interview with Karim Dahimi. It was approved by Karim Dahimi on September 25, 2013. There are 66 paragraphs in the statement. The views and opinions of the witness expressed herein do not necessarily reflect those of the Iran Human Rights Documentation Center. Page 2 of 15 Witness Statement of Karim Dahimi Statement Introduction 1. My name is Karim Dahimi. I was born in October, 1971. I was a schoolteacher and a resident of the Kuh Alavi neighborhood of Ahvaz. I am married and have three children. Initial Activities 2. My [cultural] activities began in 1989. I received my high school diploma in 1989-90 and from 1991-93, I was a university student majoring in education. Our activities at the time were limited to the distribution of statements and having connections with other groups in Mohammareh, Fallahiyeh1, Shush and other cities to hold cultural gatherings such as poetry readings. We did not engage in any other activities. Nevertheless, my file [with the security services] listed these activities as "intelligence-gathering" and "actions against national security." There was only one thing [that I did] that could have been considered very dangerous from the point of view of the Islamic Republic; my actions in relation to the sugarcane project.
    [Show full text]
  • Iran's Holiday Calendar
    IRAN’S HOLIDAY CALENDAR 2016 January 2016 Your Travel Companion 1 goingIRAN wants you to see, read, and know everything about Iran. Ask us about all your needs. goingIRAN strives to acquaint Iranian art and culture with audiences abroad. COPYRIGHT All of the published content on this e-Booklet have all rights reserved. All goingIRAN content, logos and graphic designs of this e-Booklet are property of the Web Gasht Nameh Company. Solely Web Gasht Nameh holds the right to publish and use the formerly stated material. Any use of the goingIRAN graphics (logo, content, design) may only happen through the written request of the user and the ac- ceptance of goingIRAN. Upon our realization of any violation of goingIRAN’s rights, legal action will be taken. IRAN’S HOLIDAY CALENDAR Author: Rojan Hemmati & Alireza Sattari (Sourced From an authentic 2016 Iranian Calendar) Central Office: Tehran-IRAN Post code: 1447893713 Designed by Studio TOOL www.goingiran.com [email protected] 2 Aside from the national holidays that follow the Persian Solar Calendar, many of Iran’s holidays are in accordance with events in the Islamic religion and follow the Mus- lim Lunar Calendar, which moves about 10 days forward each year. A few examples of Iranian holidays are: Iranian New Year (Nowruz): Celebrated on the first day of spring, this date has been the mark of the New Year for over 5,000 years throughout several ancient cultures. It embraces the spring equinox and has been celebrated in the same unique Iranian way for the past 3,000 years. It is also deeply rooted in the Zoroastrian belief system.
    [Show full text]
  • Amunowruz-Magazine-No1-Sep2018
    AMU NOWRUZ E-MAGAZINE | NO. 1 | SEPTEMBER 2018 27SEP. HAPPY WORLD TOURISM DAY Taste Persia! One of the world's most ancient and important culinary schools belongs to Iran People of the world; Iran! Includes 22 historical sites and a natural one. They 're just one small portion from Iran's historical and natural resources Autumn, one name and a thousand significations About Persia • History [1] Contents AMU NOWRUZ E-MAGAZINE | NO. 1 | SEPTEMBER 2018 27SEP. HAPPY WORLD TOURISM DAY Taste Persia! One of the world's most ancient and important culinary schools belongs to Iran Editorial 06 People of the world; Iran! Includes 22 historical sites and a natural one. They 're just one small portion from Iran's historical and natural resources Autumn, one name and a thousand significations Tourism and the Digital Transformation 08 AMU NOWRUZ E-MAGAZINE NO.1 SEPTEMBER 2018 10 About Persia History 10 A History that Builds Civilization Editorial Department Farshid Karimi, Ramin Nouri, Samira Mohebali UNESCO Heritages Editor In Chief Samira Mohebali 14 People of the world; Iran! Authors Kimia Ajayebi, Katherin Azami, Elnaz Darvishi, Fereshteh Derakhshesh, Elham Fazeli, Parto Hasanizadeh, Maryam Hesaraki, Saba Karkheiran, Art & Culture Arvin Moazenzadeh, Homeira Mohebali, Bashir Momeni, Shirin Najvan 22 Tourism with Ethnic Groups in Iran Editor Shekufe Ranjbar 26 Religions in Iran 28 Farsi; a Language Rooted in History Translation Group Shekufe Ranjbar, Somayeh Shirizadeh 30 Taste Persia! Photographers Hessam Mirrahimi, Saeid Zohari, Reza Nouri, Payam Moein,
    [Show full text]
  • Persian Ugs Kobo Audiobook.Pdf
    LESSON NOTES Basic Bootcamp #1 Self Introductions - Basic Greetings in Persian CONTENTS 2 Persian 2 English 2 Romanization 2 Vocabulary 3 Sample Sentences 4 Vocabulary Phrase Usage 6 Grammar # 1 COPYRIGHT © 2013 INNOVATIVE LANGUAGE LEARNING. ALL RIGHTS RESERVED. PERSIAN . : .1 . : .2 . : .3 . : .4 ENGLISH 1. BEHZAD: Hello. I'm Behzad. What's your name? 2. MARY: Hello Behzad. My name is Mary. 3. BEHZAD: Nice to meet you. 4. MARY: You too. ROMANIZATION 1. BEHZAD: Salam, man Behzad am. Esme shoma chi e? 2. MARY: Salam Behzad, Esme man Mary e. 3. BEHZAD: Az ashnayi ba shoma khoshvaght am. 4. MARY: Man ham hamintor. VOCABULARY PERSIANPOD101.COM BASIC BOOTCAMP #1 - SELF INTRODUCTIONS - BASIC GREETINGS IN PERSIAN 2 Persian Romanization English Class Man ham hamintor. me too phrase Az ashnayi ba shoma khoshvaght Nice to meet you sentence am. ... Esme man (...) e. My name is (...). sentence Esme shoma chi e? What’s your name? sentence salaam hello interjection man I, me pronoun hastam (I) am verb esm name noun SAMPLE SENTENCES : . : . . . ali: man gorosne hastam. zahraa: man ham man faateme hastam. az aashnaayi baa shomaa hamin tor. khoshvaghtam. Ali: I'm hungry. Zahra: Me too. My name is Fateme. Nice to meet you. . esm-e man zeinabe. esm-e man naaser e. esm-e shomaa chie? My name is Zeinab. My name is Naser. What is your name? . . Oo hich vaght be man salaam nemikonad. Az man aks nagir. He never says hello to me. "Don't take photos of me." . Man ta hala chenin chizi nadidam. Kheili khaste hastam I have never seen such a thing.
    [Show full text]
  • The Calendars of India
    The Calendars of India By Vinod K. Mishra, Ph.D. 1 Preface. 4 1. Introduction 5 2. Basic Astronomy behind the Calendars 8 2.1 Different Kinds of Days 8 2.2 Different Kinds of Months 9 2.2.1 Synodic Month 9 2.2.2 Sidereal Month 11 2.2.3 Anomalistic Month 12 2.2.4 Draconic Month 13 2.2.5 Tropical Month 15 2.2.6 Other Lunar Periodicities 15 2.3 Different Kinds of Years 16 2.3.1 Lunar Year 17 2.3.2 Tropical Year 18 2.3.3 Siderial Year 19 2.3.4 Anomalistic Year 19 2.4 Precession of Equinoxes 19 2.5 Nutation 21 2.6 Planetary Motions 22 3. Types of Calendars 22 3.1 Lunar Calendar: Structure 23 3.2 Lunar Calendar: Example 24 3.3 Solar Calendar: Structure 26 3.4 Solar Calendar: Examples 27 3.4.1 Julian Calendar 27 3.4.2 Gregorian Calendar 28 3.4.3 Pre-Islamic Egyptian Calendar 30 3.4.4 Iranian Calendar 31 3.5 Lunisolar calendars: Structure 32 3.5.1 Method of Cycles 32 3.5.2 Improvements over Metonic Cycle 34 3.5.3 A Mathematical Model for Intercalation 34 3.5.3 Intercalation in India 35 3.6 Lunisolar Calendars: Examples 36 3.6.1 Chinese Lunisolar Year 36 3.6.2 Pre-Christian Greek Lunisolar Year 37 3.6.3 Jewish Lunisolar Year 38 3.7 Non-Astronomical Calendars 38 4. Indian Calendars 42 4.1 Traditional (Siderial Solar) 42 4.2 National Reformed (Tropical Solar) 49 4.3 The Nānakshāhī Calendar (Tropical Solar) 51 4.5 Traditional Lunisolar Year 52 4.5 Traditional Lunisolar Year (vaisnava) 58 5.
    [Show full text]
  • Novel Hydraulic Structures and Water Management in Iran: a Historical Perspective
    Novel hydraulic structures and water management in Iran: A historical perspective Shahram Khora Sanizadeh Department of Water Resources Research, Water Research Institute������, Iran Summary. Iran is located in an arid, semi-arid region. Due to the unfavorable distribution of surface water, to fulfill water demands and fluctuation of yearly seasonal streams, Iranian people have tried to provide a better condition for utilization of water as a vital matter. This paper intends to acquaint the readers with some of the famous Iranian historical water monuments. Keywords. Historic – Water – Monuments – Iran – Qanat – Ab anbar – Dam. Structures hydrauliques et gestion de l’eau en Iran : une perspective historique Résumé. L’Iran est situé dans une région aride, semi-aride. La répartition défavorable des eaux de surface a conduit la population iranienne à créer de meilleures conditions d’utilisation d’une ressource aussi vitale que l’eau pour faire face à la demande et aux fluctuations des débits saisonniers annuels. Ce travail vise à faire connaître certains des monuments hydrauliques historiques parmi les plus fameux de l’Iran. Mots-clés. Historique – Eau – Monuments – Iran – Qanat – Ab anbar – Barrage. I - Introduction Iran is located in an arid, semi-arid region. Due to the unfavorable distribution of surface water, to fulfill water demands and fluctuation of yearly seasonal streams, Iranian people have tried to provide a better condition for utilization of water as a vital matter. Iran is located in the south of Asia between 44º 02´ and 63º 20´ eastern longitude and 25º 03´ to 39º 46´ northern latitude. The country covers an area of about 1.648 million km2.
    [Show full text]
  • Strategies Employed in Translation of Tourist Guidebooks Culture-Specific Items from Persian Into English
    ISSN 1799-2591 Theory and Practice in Language Studies, Vol. 4, No. 4, pp. 750-757, April 2014 © 2014 ACADEMY PUBLISHER Manufactured in Finland. doi:10.4304/tpls.4.4.750-757 Strategies Employed in Translation of Tourist Guidebooks Culture-specific Items from Persian into English Masoome Rezaei Department of English Language, East Azarbaijan Science and Research Branch, Islamic Azad University, Tabriz, Iran Davud Kuhi Department of English Language, Maragheh Branch, Islamic Azad University, Maragheh, Iran Abstract—One of the major duties of every translator is to use an appropriate method in dealing with culture- specific items (CSIs). In this paper an attempt has been made to study the translation of two Iran tourist guidebooks translated by Oksana Beheshti and Amir Hassan Hakimian from Persian into English in order to analyze the strategies the translators have employed for translating CSIs based on Newmark’s model and then to explore whether most these CSIs are domesticated or foreignized. For this purpose a number of instances which are highly specific cultural references have been collected and the strategies applied by translators have been identified. According to the obtained results, the most abundant strategies used in the translation of these two corpses are Newmark’s transference with the addition of some notes. Therefore, although both domesticating and foreignizing strategies have been used, the most common strategy in the translation of these two tourist guidebooks is foreignization. Index Terms—culture, culture-specific items (CSIs), domestication and foreignization, tourist guidebooks, translation strategies I. INTRODUCTION By knowing the languages alone it is not possible to guarantee the success of translations.
    [Show full text]
  • Mexican Diasporas Meet the Birmingham Greeks View
    $7 • SPRING 2017 • A QUARTERLY PUBLICATION FROM THE SOUTHERN FOODWAYS ALLIANCE MEXICAN DIASPORAS PAGE 9 MEET THE BIRMINGHAM GREEKS PAGE 55 VIEW FROM NASHVILLE’S TREEHOUSE PAGE 65 Gravy is a publication of the Southern Foodways Alliance, a member-supported institute of the Center for the Study of Southern Culture at the University of Mississippi. EDITOR-IN-CHIEF PUBLISHER John T. Edge Mary Beth Lasseter [email protected] 2 [email protected] HELPINGS GUEST EDITOR 6 ASSOCIATERULES OF EDITOR ENGAGEMENT ISSUEJennifer V. Cole NO. 63 OsayiMichael Endolyn Twitty SPRING 2017 [email protected] DESIGNER 9 MORE THAN MERE MEXICANS Richie Swann GRAVYGustavo PRINT Arellano FACT CHECKER [email protected] Katie King 13 BOTTOM OF THE POT John T. Edge 32 18 MOBILE’S MODERN SOUL NOWRUZ: Julia Bainbridge REBIRTH, RENEWAL, AND REPAST 21 THE VALUE OF SOUTHERN FOOD Philip Malkus Kat Kinsman 24 FAMILY RECIPES 39 Photos by Celestia Morgan NORTHWARD BOUND 55 THE BIRMINGHAM GREEKS Devita Davison Oral History THE MISSION of the Southern Foodways62 TORTAS Alliance IN is toTUSCALOOSA document, study, and explore46 the diverse food cultures Calebof the changingJohnson American South. NOTHING GREEN BUTOur THE work PLATES sets a welcome table65 whereVIEW all may FROM consider THE our TREEHOUSE history David Hagedornand our future in a spirit of respectJohn andKessler reconciliation. SFA membership is open72 toVIRGINIA’S all. Not a member? DARE Join us at southernfoodways.orgHanna Raskin Cover photo by [email protected] L. KASIMU HARRIS 662-915-336879 REBEL RECIPE Erika Council L. Harris Kasimu southernfoodways.org 1 FEATURED CONTRIBUTOR pursuing illustration more seriously, I GRAVY #63 SPRING 2017 found that combining photo pieces with my drawings lent a sense of humor and levity to my work, and for the fi rst time I really NATALIE NELSON connected with the pieces I was making.
    [Show full text]
  • False Flag Operation
    WWW.TEHRANTIMES.COM I N T E R N A T I O N A L D A I L Y 8 Pages Price 50,000 Rials 1.00 EURO 4.00 AED 43rd year No.14006 Thursday AUGUST 5, 2021 Mordad 14, 1400 Dhul Hijjah 25, 1442 Raisi to be sworn in Tokyo 2020: Iran Energy Ministry unveils Imam Mosque: as Irani president weightlifter Davoudi water, electricity elegant, iconic, and today Page 2 snatches silver Page 3 training system Page 4 visually stunning Page 6 Iran: Reports of maritime incidents Western psywar for new adventurism The Iranian Armed Forces have de- coast of the United Arab Emirates (UAE). nounced recent contradictory reports Citing maritime security sources, the False flag operationSee page 3 of maritime incidents and hijacking in report identified the seized vessel as the the Sea of Oman as a Western “psycho- Panama-flagged asphalt/bitumen tanker logical warfare” meant to set the ground Asphalt Princess. for new adventurism. Meanwhile, The Times of London Brigadier General Abolfazl Shekarchi, newspaper quoted British sources as spokesman of the Armed Forces, made saying that they were “working on the the remarks on Tuesday, after Reuters assumption Iranian military or proxies claimed that “Iran-backed forces” were boarded” the Asphalt Princess. believed to have seized an oil tanker off the Continued on page 2 Loading, unloading of goods up 16% at Shahid Rajaee port TEHRAN- Loading and unloading of goods goes were loaded and unloaded at Shahid rose 16 percent at Shahid Rajaee port, Iran’s Rajaee port in the four-month period.
    [Show full text]
  • Eat, Live, Pray: a Celebration of Zarathushti Culture and Cuisine © 2012 Federation of Zoroastrian Associations of North America (FEZANA)
    Eat, Live, Pray: A celebration of Zarathushti culture and cuisine © 2012 Federation of Zoroastrian Associations of North America (FEZANA) www.fezana.org For free distribution You are free to use the content of this publication for personal and not-for-profit purposes. Please attribute the source if you share any information from it in print and/or electronic media including social media. ISBN: 978-0-9826871-2-3 Cover and layout: Hukhta Publications - [email protected] Every effort has been made to use illustrations that are free or from the public domain. Copyright infringement is not intended; please let us know if there is a copyright issue and we will rectify it. CONGRATULATIONS, FEZANA The Federation of the Zoroastrian Association of North America (FEZANA) was registered in the State of Illinois, USA, on June 2, 1987 as a non-profit, religious and charitable organization. In the twenty-five years since them FEZANA has had many accomplishments. In July 1996, we undertook a "Strategic Planning" exercise (FEZANA Journal, Fall 1996) which identified four collective goals for the community and the organization. One of the goals was “a thousand points of light” aimed at preserving our community’s religious and cultural entity. This publication, “Eat, Live, Pray: A celebration of Zarathushti culture and cuisine” upholds this goal. Food plays a very important role in our Zarathushti psyche. We create all varieties of food for different occasions; special food for happy occasions and we also have food for the dead in our religious ceremonies. In the Summer, 2011 edition of the FEZANA Journal, Sarosh and Benafsha Khariwala together with Arnavaz Chubb, all in Melbourne, Australia, explored the concept of “Food as Our Identity”.
    [Show full text]
  • Consumer Price Index in the Month of Mordad of the Year 1399F
    Consumer Price Index in the Month of Mordad of the Year 13991 Increase in National Point-to-Point Inflation Rate Point-to-Point Inflation rate refers to the percentage change in the price index in comparison with the corresponding month in the previous year. The point-to-point inflation rate in the month of Mordad2 of the year 1399 stood at 30.4 percent, that is to say, that the national households spent, on average, 30.4 percent higher than the month of Mordad of the year 1398 for purchasing “the same goods and services”. Moreover, in this month, the point-to-point inflation rate experienced a 3.5 percentage point increase in comparison with the previous month (Tir, the year 1399). The point-to-point inflation rate for the major groups of "food, beverages and tobacco" and "non-food items and services" were 26.0 percent (with a 5.0 percentage point increase) and 32.6 percent (with a 2.8 percentage point increase), respectively. This is while the point-to-point inflation rate for urban households stood at 30.6 percent, which has increased by 3.6 percentage points in comparison with the previous month. Moreover, this rate was 29.6 percent for rural households which increased by 3.7 percentage points in comparison with the previous month. Decrease in the Monthly National Households Inflation Rate The monthly inflation rate refers to the percentage change in the price index in comparison with the previous month. The monthly inflation rate in the month of Mordad of the year 1399 stood at 3.5 percent, which decreased by 2.9 percentage points in comparison with the previous month (Tir, the year 1399).
    [Show full text]
  • Genealogical Approach to the Role of Zoroastrianism in Ancient Iran's Education System
    J. Basic. Appl. Sci. Res., 3(6)699-706, 2013 ISSN 2090-4304 Journal of Basic and Applied © 2013, TextRoad Publication Scientific Research www.textroad.com Genealogical Approach to the Role of Zoroastrianism in Ancient Iran's Education System Homeyra Barzideh Phd Student of Kharazmi University, Tehran, Iran ABSTRACT The aim of this article is to evaluate discoursed and non-discoursed structures about Iran's history and Zoroastrianism and forming rules of educational discourse system by considering more comprehensive system of discourse system or knowledge formation (episteme) in Zoroaster era and after that. Present article has been written to evaluate role of Zoroastrianism in ancient Iran's education according to Michel Foucault's theories and his researches including archeology, genealogy and problem-identification. The processes of identity creation of a Zoroastrian on the basis of Zoroastrianism difference with similar religions, knowledge-based system formation, legal instructions in mentioned era, and the relations between knowledge and power had been reviewed. The results reveal that in spite of the existence of several local power centers, religious education system in ancient era was the only power that formed the truth and created knowledge. KEYWORDS: Iran's history, legal instructions, religious education system. 1. INTRODUCTION Foucault was a recent philosopher and sociologist who had introduced modern methods to evaluate social and historical systems. Power and its' related issues are the main notions of Foucault's thoughts. He used archeology and genealogy concepts to explain power. Every distinct fields of knowledge in any special era has divestive and affirmative rules that determine the question subjects.
    [Show full text]