th ANNIVERSARY 10revisiting the agenda

IN MEMORIAM: VISIONARIES WHO SHAPED CARTA

On February 27, 2016, CARTA lost our original supporter and champion, James H. Handelman (born 1954), Director of the Mathers Foundation of New York. Modest and humble to a fault, Jim always insisted on keeping a low profile, and brushed off any attempt to give himself due credit for jump-starting the entire CARTA enterprise. Without Jim, the heart and soul of CARTA’s efforts - the symposia on human origins and the Anthropogeny Graduate Specialization program - would not exist today.

Roy D’Andrade (November 6, 1931 Ernst Beutler (September 30, 1928 - Gerald Edelman (July 1, 1929 - May Andrew Hill (June 6, 1946 - September Leslie E. Orgel (January 12, 1927 - - October 20, 2016) was Emeritus October 5, 2008) served as Professor 17, 2014) was a Professor of Neurobiol- 12, 2015) was the J Clayton Stephenson October 27, 2007) was Senior Fellow Professor of Anthropology at the and Chairman of the Department of ogy at The Scripps Research Institute. A Professor of Anthropology at Yale Uni- and Research Professor at the Salk UC San Diego and the University Molecular and Experimental Medicine pre-eminent biologist, Edelman's focus versity and a Curator and Head of the Institute for Biological Studies. He of Connecticut. D’Andrade was a at the Scripps Research Institute. Beutler on the structure of antibodies led to a Division of Anthropology in the Yale contributed to the development of cultural anthropologist and a founder made important discoveries relating to Nobel Prize in Physiology or Medicine, Peabody Museum of Natural History. ligand- field theory. Orgel was a Fellow of cognitive anthropology. His research glucose-6-phosphate dehydrogenase which he shared with Rodney Porter, in A renowned palaeoanthropologist, Hill of the Royal Society and a Member of interests included African-American deficiency, X-chromosome inactivation 1972. published many important contribu- the National Academy of Sciences. family structure, personality, color in female mammals, and he made tions relating to African studies, hu- perception, and mathematical models fundamental contributions to the man evolution, environment, ecology, for reconstructing mitochondrial understanding of Tay-Sachs disease, evolutionary theory, anthropology and lineages. galactosemia, and sickle cell and archaeology. He discovered many in- other hemolytic anemias. He played ternationally important sites, including a major role in pioneering new a trail of hominid footprints dating to therapies for leukemia, bone marrow about 3.6 million years old at Laetoli, an transplantation in acute leukemia and archaeological site in Tanzania. 2-chlorodeoxyadenosine in lymphoid malignancies.

Jeffrey L. Elman (January 22, 1948 - George Palade (November 19, 1912 – June 28, 2018) was a founding member October 8, 2008) was UC San Diego and Distinguished Professor of Cogni- School of Medicine’s first Dean for tive Science at UC San Diego Elman was Scientific Affairs, where he created Elizabeth Bates (July 26, 1947 - a pioneer in artificial neural networks one of the preeminent cell biology December 13, 2003) was a Professor and an internationally recognized schol- programs in the nation, and served of Cognitive Science at UC San Diego. ar in the field of language processing as a Professor of Medicine. Nobel Bates was an authority in the science of and learning. He served as Dean of the Laureate. Considered to be the father how the brain is organized to process Division of Social Sciences from 2006 to Lewis Judd (February 10, 1930 - of modern cell biology, Palade was language and known for her pioneering 2014 and was a holder of a Chancellor’s December 16, 2018) was the Chair of awarded the Nobel Prize in Physiology work in child development and Theodore Bullock(May 16, 1915 - Associates Endowed Chair. Most recent- the Department of Psychiatry in the and Medicine, along with Albert Claude language acquisition. She was one of the December 19, 2005) was Professor ly, Elman was a founding Co-Director UC San Diego School of Medicine from and Christian de Duve, in 1974. UC San founding members of the UC San Diego Emeritus of Neurosciences and served of the Halıcıoğlu Data Science Institute 1977 to 2013, guiding the Department Diego established the George E. Palade Department of Cognitive Science, the as Chairman of the Neurobiology Unit at UC San Diego. He was also founding to become a leader in biology psychiatry Endowed Chair in his honor. first such academic department created of Scripps Institution of Oceanography. Director of the Center for Research in research. He also served as Director in the United States. Bullock was one of the founding fathers Language, founding Co-Director of the of the National Institute of Mental of neuroethology and a renowned University’s Kavli Institute for Brain and Health (NIMH) from 1988 to 1992 and neurobiologist. His pioneering Mind, and the University's first Direc- was a Vice President of the American investigations included studies of tor of Online and Technology Enhanced Psychiatric Association. Judd was an sensory systems, especially in fish, Education to support the expansion of expert in biological psychiatry and neurophysiology of nerve cells, and educational access at UC San Diego. clinical psychopharmacology. electrical activity and evolution of the brain.

David Woodruff (1943 - December 16, 2015) was an Emeritus Professor Kurt Benirschke (May 26, 1924 - of Biology and founding Chair of September 10, 2018) was among the the Section of Ecology, Behavior and earliest faculty at the UC San Diego Evolution in UC San Diego’s Division School of Medicine where he served for of Biological Sciences. Woodruff was a nearly a quarter of a century as a noted world-renowned conservation geneticist pathologist, geneticist, and expert on Morris Goodman (1925 - November Bob Katzman (November 29, 1925 and biogeographer who championed the placenta and reproductive systems 14, 2010) was Distinguished Professor - September 16, 2008), Professor UC San Diego’s role in conservation of humans and myriad mammalian Francis Harry Compton Crick (June of Anatomy and Cell Biology at Wayne Emeritus and was the Florence Riford science for 35 years. species. He became internationally 8, 1916 - July 28, 2004) was British State University School of Medicine and Chair for Research in Alzheimer's known for his successful efforts to create molecular biologist, biophysicist, and a Professor in the Center for Molecular Disease at UC San Diego, and he was the world’s first “frozen zoo,” a novel neuroscientist and held the post of J.W. Medicine and Genetics. Goodman is the founding Director of the Shiley- “cell bank” to preserve the eggs, sperm Kieckhefer Distinguished Research known worldwide for his research in Marcos Alzheimer's Disease Research and other tissues of endangered species. Professor at the Salk Institute for molecular evolution and molecular Center at the UC San Diego. Katzman Biological Studies. Famously, Crick systematics. played a major role in making San and J. D. Watson proposed the double- Diego one of the major centers for helical structure of DNA in 1953. Crick Alzheimer's research in the United and Watson subsequently suggested a States, if not the world, bringing general theory for the structure of small prominent neuroscientists and major viruses. Crick, Watson, and Maurice funding to a program that had been Wilkins were jointly awarded the 1962 virtually nonexistent before his arrival Nobel Prize in Physiology or Medicine in 1984. "for their discoveries concerning the molecular structure of nucleic acids and its significance for information transfer in living material." John Wooley (1945 - April 20, 2015) was the long-time Associate Vice Chancellor for Research and Professor of Pharmacology at the UC San Diego. Wooley was also an Adjunct Professor Wolfgang “Wolf” Berger (October 5, in Pharmacology and in Chemistry and 1937 - August 6, 2017) was a Professor Steve Heinemann (February 11, 1939 Biochemistry, and a Strategic Advisor and former Interim Director of the - August 6, 2014) was a Professor of and Senior Fellow of the San Diego Scripps Institution of Oceanography Neuroscience at the Salk Institute for Supercomputer Center. at UC San Diego. Berger was one of Biological Studies where he focused his the pioneers in paleoceanography research on the molecular mechanisms and seamlessly integrated all branches by which nerve cells communicate with of oceanographic science: physical, each other at specialized connections chemical, biological and geological. known as “synapses.” His pioneering Ernst Mayr (July 5, 1904 - February His research included investigations of research on neurotransmitter receptors 3, 2005) was the Alexander Agassiz plankton ecology, the carbon cycle, the in the brain helped lay the groundwork Professor of Zoology, Emeritus, at history of climate, and the productivity for understanding diseases of the Harvard University. Mayr was one of of the oceans. Achilles Dugaiczyk (1930 - October 31, brain. Heinemann established the Salk the 20th century's leading evolutionary 2005) was a professor of Biochemistry at Institute’s Molecular Neurobiology biologists and his work has contributed UC Riverside. As an esteemed biochem- Laboratory. to the conceptual revolution that led ist, his research interests focused on the to the synthesis of Mendelian genetics fundamental aspects of molecular evolu- and Darwinian evolution, and to the tion, specifically on the evolution of spe- development of the biological species cific small DNA inserts in primates. concept. His theory of peripatric speciation has become widely accepted as one of the standard modes of speciation and is the basis of the theory of punctuated equilibrium.

THE G. HAROLD AND LEILA Y. MATHERS FOUNDATION

Presented by The Center for Academic Research and Training in Anthropogeny Special Thanks to the Sponsors of this Symposium and Many Generous Friends