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Appendix F Ottoman Casualties
ORDERED TO DIE Recent Titles in Contributions in Military Studies Jerome Bonaparte: The War Years, 1800-1815 Glenn J. Lamar Toward a Revolution in Military Affairs9: Defense and Security at the Dawn of the Twenty-First Century Thierry Gongora and Harald von RiekhojJ, editors Rolling the Iron Dice: Historical Analogies and Decisions to Use Military Force in Regional Contingencies Scot Macdonald To Acknowledge a War: The Korean War in American Memory Paid M. Edwards Implosion: Downsizing the U.S. Military, 1987-2015 Bart Brasher From Ice-Breaker to Missile Boat: The Evolution of Israel's Naval Strategy Mo she Tzalel Creating an American Lake: United States Imperialism and Strategic Security in the Pacific Basin, 1945-1947 Hal M. Friedman Native vs. Settler: Ethnic Conflict in Israel/Palestine, Northern Ireland, and South Africa Thomas G. Mitchell Battling for Bombers: The U.S. Air Force Fights for Its Modern Strategic Aircraft Programs Frank P. Donnini The Formative Influences, Theones, and Campaigns of the Archduke Carl of Austria Lee Eystnrlid Great Captains of Antiquity Richard A. Gabriel Doctrine Under Trial: American Artillery Employment in World War I Mark E. Grotelueschen ORDERED TO DIE A History of the Ottoman Army in the First World War Edward J. Erickson Foreword by General Huseyin Kivrikoglu Contributions in Military Studies, Number 201 GREENWOOD PRESS Westport, Connecticut • London Library of Congress Cataloging-in-Publication Data Erickson, Edward J., 1950— Ordered to die : a history of the Ottoman army in the first World War / Edward J. Erickson, foreword by General Htiseyin Kivrikoglu p. cm.—(Contributions in military studies, ISSN 0883-6884 ; no. -
The Purpose of the First World War War Aims and Military Strategies Schriften Des Historischen Kollegs
The Purpose of the First World War War Aims and Military Strategies Schriften des Historischen Kollegs Herausgegeben von Andreas Wirsching Kolloquien 91 The Purpose of the First World War War Aims and Military Strategies Herausgegeben von Holger Afflerbach An electronic version of this book is freely available, thanks to the support of libra- ries working with Knowledge Unlatched. KU is a collaborative initiative designed to make high quality books Open Access. More information about the initiative can be found at www.knowledgeunlatched.org Schriften des Historischen Kollegs herausgegeben von Andreas Wirsching in Verbindung mit Georg Brun, Peter Funke, Karl-Heinz Hoffmann, Martin Jehne, Susanne Lepsius, Helmut Neuhaus, Frank Rexroth, Martin Schulze Wessel, Willibald Steinmetz und Gerrit Walther Das Historische Kolleg fördert im Bereich der historisch orientierten Wissenschaften Gelehrte, die sich durch herausragende Leistungen in Forschung und Lehre ausgewiesen haben. Es vergibt zu diesem Zweck jährlich bis zu drei Forschungsstipendien und zwei Förderstipendien sowie alle drei Jahre den „Preis des Historischen Kollegs“. Die Forschungsstipendien, deren Verleihung zugleich eine Auszeichnung für die bisherigen Leis- tungen darstellt, sollen den berufenen Wissenschaftlern während eines Kollegjahres die Möglich- keit bieten, frei von anderen Verpflichtungen eine größere Arbeit abzuschließen. Professor Dr. Hol- ger Afflerbach (Leeds/UK) war – zusammen mit Professor Dr. Paul Nolte (Berlin), Dr. Martina Steber (London/UK) und Juniorprofessor Simon Wendt (Frankfurt am Main) – Stipendiat des Historischen Kollegs im Kollegjahr 2012/2013. Den Obliegenheiten der Stipendiaten gemäß hat Holger Afflerbach aus seinem Arbeitsbereich ein Kolloquium zum Thema „Der Sinn des Krieges. Politische Ziele und militärische Instrumente der kriegführenden Parteien von 1914–1918“ vom 21. -
Rebellion, Janissaries and Religion in Sultanic Legitimisation in the Ottoman Empire
View metadata, citation and similar papers at core.ac.uk brought to you by CORE provided by Istanbul Bilgi University Library Open Access “THE FURIOUS DOGS OF HELL”: REBELLION, JANISSARIES AND RELIGION IN SULTANIC LEGITIMISATION IN THE OTTOMAN EMPIRE UMUT DENİZ KIRCA 107671006 İSTANBUL BİLGİ ÜNİVERSİTESİ SOSYAL BİLİMLER ENSTİTÜSÜ TARİH YÜKSEK LİSANS PROGRAMI PROF. DR. SURAIYA FAROQHI 2010 “The Furious Dogs of Hell”: Rebellion, Janissaries and Religion in Sultanic Legitimisation in the Ottoman Empire Umut Deniz Kırca 107671006 Prof. Dr. Suraiya Faroqhi Yard. Doç Dr. M. Erdem Kabadayı Yard. Doç Dr. Meltem Toksöz Tezin Onaylandığı Tarih : 20.09.2010 Toplam Sayfa Sayısı: 139 Anahtar Kelimeler (Türkçe) Anahtar Kelimeler (İngilizce) 1) İsyan 1) Rebellion 2) Meşruiyet 2) Legitimisation 3) Yeniçeriler 3) The Janissaries 4) Din 4) Religion 5) Güç Mücadelesi 5) Power Struggle Sosyal Bilimler Enstitüsü’nde Tarih Yüksek Lisans derecesi için Umut Deniz Kırca tarafından Mayıs 2010’da teslim edilen tezin özeti. Başlık: “Cehennemin Azgın Köpekleri”: Osmanlı İmparatorluğu’nda İsyan, Yeniçeriler, Din ve Meşruiyet Bu çalışma, on sekizinci yüzyıldan ocağın kaldırılmasına kadar uzanan sürede patlak veren yeniçeri isyanlarının teknik aşamalarını irdelemektedir. Ayrıca, isyancılarla saray arasındaki meşruiyet mücadelesi, çalışmamızın bir diğer konu başlığıdır. Başkentte patlak veren dört büyük isyan bir arada değerlendirilerek, Osmanlı isyanlarının karakteristik özelliklerine ve isyanlarda izlenilen meşruiyet pratiklerine ışık tutulması hedeflenmiştir. Çalışmamızda kullandığımız metot dâhilinde, 1703, 1730, 1807 ve 1826 isyanlarını konu alan yazma eserler karşılaştırılmış, müelliflerin, eserlerini oluşturdukları süreçteki niyetleri ve getirmiş oldukları yorumlara odaklanılmıştır. Argümanların devamlılığını gözlemlemek için, 1703 ve 1730 isyanları ile 1807 ve 1826 isyanları iki ayrı grupta incelenmiştir. 1703 ve 1730 isyanlarının ortak noktası, isyancıların kendi çıkarları doğrultusunda padişaha yakın olan ve rakiplerini bu sayede eleyen politik kişilikleri hedef almalarıdır. -
Mustafa Kemal Atatürk 1 Mustafa Kemal Atatürk
Mustafa Kemal Atatürk 1 Mustafa Kemal Atatürk Mustafa Kemal Atatürk [[file:MustafaKemalAtaturk.jpg alt=]] President Atatürk 1st President of Turkey In office 29 October 1923 – 10 November 1938 (15 years, 12 days) Prime Minister Ali Fethi Okyar İsmet İnönü Celâl Bayar Succeeded by İsmet İnönü 1st Prime Minister of Turkey In office 3 May 1920 – 24 January 1921 (0 years, 266 days) Succeeded by Fevzi Çakmak 1st Speaker of the Parliament of Turkey In office 24 April 1920 – 29 October 1923 (3 years, 219 days) Succeeded by Ali Fethi Okyar 1st Leader of the Republican People's Party In office 9 September 1923 – 10 November 1938 (15 years, 62 days) Succeeded by İsmet İnönü Personal details Born 19 May 1881 (Conventional. This date was adopted by the president himself for official purposes in the absence of precise knowledge concerning the real date.)Salonica, Ottoman Empire (present-day Thessaloniki, Greece) Died 10 November 1938 (aged 57)Dolmabahçe Palace Istanbul, Turkey Resting place Anıtkabir Ankara, Turkey Nationality Turkish Political party Committee of Union and Progress, Republican People's Party Spouse(s) Lâtife Uşaklıgil (1923–25) Religion See Mustafa Kemal Atatürk's religious views. Signature Military service Mustafa Kemal Atatürk 2 Allegiance Ottoman Empire (1893 – 8 July 1919) Republic of Turkey (9 July 1919 – 30 June 1927) Army Service/branch Rank Ottoman Empire: General (Pasha) Republic of Turkey: Mareşal (Marshal) Commands 19th Division – 16th Corps – 2nd Army – 7th Army – Yildirim Army Group – commander-in-chief of Army of the -
Nablus Muharebesi'nde Mustafa Kemal Paşa
Tarih İncelemeleri Dergisi XXXIII / 2, 2018, 481-519 NABLUS MUHAREBESİ’NDE MUSTAFA KEMAL PAŞA: İTHAMLAR VE GERÇEKLER Nuri KARAKAŞ* Öz Nablus Muharebesi (The Battle of Megiddo), Birinci Dünya Savaşı sırasında, General Liman von Sanders komutasındaki Osmanlı orduları ile General Edmund Allenby komutasındaki Mısır Sefer Kuvveti’ne bağlı İngiliz birlikleri arasında yaşanan son büyük muharebedir. Bu muharebede İngiliz (Britanya) ordusu karşısında Osmanlı ordusunun uğradığı hezimet, Osmanlı Devleti’nin Filistin’deki egemenliğini sona erdirmiş, Osmanlı muharip unsurlarının Halep’in kuzeyine kadar geri çekilerek Suriye’nin de elden çıkmasında belirleyici olmuştur. Mustafa Kemal Paşa da bu önemli sonuçlara neden olan Nablus Muharebesi’ne, Yedinci Ordu Komutanı olarak katılmış ve muharebedeki yenilgiyi yaşamıştır. Bu bağlamda Türkiye’deki Atatürk karşıtı çevreler, yıllardır, Nablus yenilgisinin baş sorumlusunun Mustafa Kemal Paşa olduğuna yönelik bir yazım ve söylem geliştirmişlerdir. Aslında bu yazım ve söylemi geliştirenlerin dayandıkları referans kaynağı, Cevat Rifat Atilhan’ın 1950’de Büyük Doğu dergisinde, “Görünmeyen İnkılâp” başlıklı tefrikasında yazdıklarıdır. Bu çalışmada, Mustafa Kemal Paşa’ya yönelik ithamlar ve iddialar ortaya konulmuş ve bunların gerçeklerle örtüşmediği, askeri literatürdeki bilgiler ve Atilhan’ın 1918’de yazdıkları çerçevesinde ortaya konulmuştur. Anahtar Kelimeler: Mustafa Kemal Paşa, Nablus Muhaberesi, Cevat Rifat Atilhan, Filistin, Birinci Dünya Savaşı Abstract Mustafa Kemal Pasha in the Battle of Nablus: Accusations and Facts The Battle of Nablus (Megiddo) is the last battle that occurred, during World War I, between the Ottoman armies under the command of the Yildirim Army Group led by General Liman von Sanders and the British forces (The Egyptian Expeditionary Force) led by General Edmund Allenby. Due to the serious defeat of the Ottoman army against the British army, the rule of the Ottoman Empire in Palestine ended with this battle. -
The Ottoman Homefront in World War I
Hillman 1 A Crust of Bread, For the Love of God! The Ottoman Homefront in World War I Christian Hillman Hillman 2 Hillman 3 Christian Hillman A Crust of Bread, For the Love of God! The Ottoman Homefront in WWI In his memoir Five Years in Turkey, the head of the German military mission, Otto Viktor Karl Liman von Sanders wrote, “Malaria and dysentery exacted many victims during this hot summer. All hospitals and convalescent homes far to the rear were over-crowded… the Turkish soldiers had no summer clothes, but wore cloth uniforms which might better be called rags… fully three fourths of them had not any underclothing…” (Liman 266). This was the dismal spectacle which greeted the German general after yet another retreat in the face of overwhelming British military superiority, in the last few months of the war in 1918. Although the general‟s observation only referenced Ottoman soldiers, it can hardly be expected that the civilian population of the Ottoman Empire fared much better. World War I effected untold misery in the Middle East, and starvation, disease, and intercommunal strife joined forces to wreak demographic havoc in the region. In Greater Syria, for example, massive numbers of civilians perished from the starvation which was the result of wartime rationing, requisitions, floods, the Allied blockade of the coast, and a particularly severe locust plague in 1915. By the end of 1916, Beirut had lost more than half of its prewar population (Gingeras 216, Schatkowski- Schilcher 229). The Ottoman term safarbarlik (mobilization), which ordinarily refers to military mobilization, has come to encapsulate the privation and suffering of families during the four long years of war. -
Turkish Nationalist Propaganda in the Sanjak of Alexandretta
CONTESTED NATIONALISMS: TURKISH NATIONALIST PROPAGANDA IN THE SANJAK OF ALEXANDRETTA Graduate School of Economics and Social Sciences of İhsan Doğramacı Bilkent University by ESRA DEMİRCİ AKYOL In Partial Fulfilment of the Requirements for the Degree of DOCTOR OF PHILOSOPHY in THE DEPARTMENT OF HISTORY İHSAN DOĞRAMACI BİLKENT UNIVERSITY ANKARA December 2015 ABSTRACT CONTESTED NATIONALISMS: TURKISH NATIONALIST PROPAGANDA IN THE SANJAK OF ALEXANDRETTA Demirci Akyol, Esra PhD., Department of History Supervisor: Asst. Prof. Dr. M. Akif Kireçci December 2015 This thesis analyzes the Turkish nationalist propaganda carried out in the Sanjak of Alexandretta during the process of annexation to demonstrate that the Sanjak provides a special case for the study of Republican Turkish nationalism by showing its highly pragmatic and speculative political/ideological discourse in the 1930s. The ways with which the Sanjak region was integrated into the newly defined “Turkish nation” are examined by utilizing archival documents, secondary sources as well as oral history interviews. The special case of the migration of the conservative Sunni Turks to Damascus and the nationalist propaganda towards the Alawite population of the region are brought forward as examples for the pragmatically inclusive nature of Kemalist nationalism. Key Words: Sanjak of Alexandretta, Hatay, Turkish Nationalism, Kemalist Reforms, Annexation of Hatay, Nationalist Propaganda i ÖZET MİLLİYETÇİLİKLERİN REKABETİ: İSKENDERUN SANCAĞI’NDA TÜRK MİLLİYETÇİLİĞİ PROPAGANDASI Demirci Akyol, Esra Doktora, Tarih Bölümü Tez Yöneticisi: Yrd. Doç. Dr. M. Akif Kireçci Aralık 2015 Bu tez, İskenderun Sancağında ilhak sürecinde yürütülen Türk milliyetçilik propagandasını inceleyerek 1930’larda Sancak’ta kullanılan faydacı ve spekülatif Türk milliyetçiliği politik diskurunun Sancak konusunu Türk milliyetçiliği çalışmaları kapsamında özel bir vaka haline getirdiğini gözler önüne sermeyi amaçlar. -
British Embassy Reports on the Greek Uprising in 1821-1822: War of Independence Or War of Religion?
University of North Florida UNF Digital Commons History Faculty Publications Department of History 2011 British Embassy Reports on the Greek Uprising in 1821-1822: War of Independence or War of Religion? Theophilus C. Prousis University of North Florida, [email protected] Follow this and additional works at: https://digitalcommons.unf.edu/ahis_facpub Part of the Diplomatic History Commons Recommended Citation Prousis, Theophilus C., "British Embassy Reports on the Greek Uprising in 1821-1822: War of Independence or War of Religion?" (2011). History Faculty Publications. 21. https://digitalcommons.unf.edu/ahis_facpub/21 This Article is brought to you for free and open access by the Department of History at UNF Digital Commons. It has been accepted for inclusion in History Faculty Publications by an authorized administrator of UNF Digital Commons. For more information, please contact Digital Projects. © 2011 All Rights Reserved “BRITISH EMBASSY REPORTS ON THE GREEK UPRISING IN 1821-1822: WAR OF INDEPENDENCE OR WAR OF RELIGION?” THEOPHILUS C. PROUSIS* In a dispatch of 10 April 1821 to Foreign Secretary Castlereagh, Britain’s ambassador to the Sublime Porte (Lord Strangford) evoked the prevalence of religious mentalities and religiously induced reprisals in the initial phase of the Greek War of Independence. The sultan’s “government perseveres in its endeavours to strike terror into the minds of its Greek subjects; and it seems that these efforts have been very successful. The commerce of the Greeks has been altogether suspended – their houses -
Catalogue April 2021
Catalogue April 2021 https://pahor.de/ Antiquariat Daša Pahor GbR Alexander Johnson, Ph.D. & Daša Pahor, Ph.D. Jakob-Klar-Str. 12 Germany - 80796 München +49 89 27 37 23 52 www.pahor.de [email protected] Answers to the Most Common Questions - We offer worldwide free shipping. - We cover the customs fees, provide all the paperwork and deal with the customs. We send outside the EU daily and we are used to taking over the control of exporting and importing. - For all the manuscripts, ordered from outside the EU, please give us approximately 10 days to deal with the additional paperwork. - We offer a 20% institutional discount. - We offer original researches and high resolution scans of our maps and prints, which we are happy to forward to the buyers and researchers on request. - For any questions, please e-mail us at: [email protected]. Stay safe, Daša & Alex TERMS AND CONDITIONS IN THE TIME OF COVID-19: We continue working from our offices in an uninterrupted fashion and are available for all questions and orders per e-mail and telephone. We ship orders daily per Fedex free of charge, as usually. Most deliveries have proceeded normally, however there are sometimes delays of a few days to some parcels. SPECIAL NOTE FOR THE INSTITUTIONS AND CLIENTS, WHO CAN NOT RECEIVE PARCELS AT THE MOMENT: We would be happy to take your orders even if you can not receive mail or process the invoices at the moment. We will reserve the items for you and forward the parcels with the invoices once your institution reopens. -
Cambridge University Press 978-1-107-19092-4 — the Emergence of Public Opinion Murat R
Cambridge University Press 978-1-107-19092-4 — The Emergence of Public Opinion Murat R. Şiviloğlu Index More Information Index 1856 Reform Decree, 152 Âkif Paşa, 179, 258 Alemdâr Mustafa Pasha, 39–40, 45, â’yân,38–40, 53, 82, 141, 191 137 Abdi Efendi, 100, 257 Aleppo, 43, 180, 277 Abdülaziz, 1–2, 12, 22, 83–84, 89, 122, Alexander II, 57, 154, 311 146, 169, 171, 173, 193, 198, 201, Alexandria, 92, 167, 196, 298, 303 216, 222–226, 230, 232–233, 237, Alexis de Tocqueville, 35, 280 240–242, 247, 251, 253, 256, 277, Ali Efendi, 99, 186, 228 291, 310 Ali Haydar Bey, 11, 168–169, 244 Abdülhamid I, 29, 31, 35 Âli Pasha, 41, 85, 90, 105, 135, 138, Abdülhamid II, 1–2, 71, 84, 87–88, 90– 149, 158, 162, 182, 201, 292 91, 93, 106, 137, 194, 220, 223, Ali Pasha of Janina, 38 225, 230, 237, 241–242, 244–248, Ali Şefkati Bey, 93 251, 254, 258–259, 270, 277, 290, Ali Suâvi, 108, 214, 217, 227, 248, 300 293, 310 Antoine-François Andréossy, 39 Abdullah Cevdet, 151, 294 Antonio Gallenga, 237 Abdüllâtîf Pasha, 196 Antonio Gramsci, 85, 293 Abdülmecid, 10, 21, 79, 90, 102, 122, Araba Sevdası, 202, 205, 207, 277 134, 140, 142, 144, 158, 200, 226, Arabic, IV, 2, 6–8, 23, 38, 66, 72, 98, 233 101, 113, 118, 120, 123, 130, 137, Abdurrahman Adil, 84, 257 141, 146, 158, 162, 169, 181, 196, Abidin Pasha, 91 203, 210, 240, 242, 272, 281, 295 Académie française, 157 Arif Hikmet Bey, 83, 106, 138 Académie Royale des Sciences, 149 Aristotle, 98 Ağa Hüseyin Pasha, 44 Armand-Pierre Caussin de Perceval, 10 Ahlâk-ı Alâ’î, 23, 271 Armenian, 19, 107, 113, 123, 164, 183, Ahmed -
Patricia Wealth Death and Power
Wealth, Power and Death Capital Accumulation and Imperial Seizures In the Ottoman Empire (1453-1839) Ali Yaycıoğlu1 Kim kul olurdı ri‘ayet olmasa Söz tutulmazdı siyaset olmasa [Who would be sultan’s slave, if there was no subjugation, His words wouldn’t be obeyed, if there was no execution.] Asafi Dal Mehmed Çelebi Șeca‘atname (1586) Mal canın yongasıdır. [Property is a piece of the soul.] Turkish proverb Introduction It is a well known, but oddly very little studied phenomenon that from the mid-15th century, when the Ottoman imperial enterprise was consolidated with the conquest of Constantinople under Mehmed II (the Conqueror) (r. 1451-81), to the decree of Tanzimat in 1839, thousands of individuals, who acted as offices-holders or contractors of the Ottoman state, were executed without any judicial inquiry, solely with the decrees of the sultans or imperial grandees acting on their behalf. As dramatically, the properties of thousands of individuals and families, who performed as office-holders or contractors, were confiscated either after their executions or their natural deaths, without any legal justification. In Ottoman political and economic culture, such extra-inquisitory imperial executions and confiscations without due process were considered as two main components of the 1 Assistant Professor of History, Stanford University. 450 Serra Mall, Building 200, Stanford, CA 94305. Email Address: [email protected] This is a very early stage of an ongoing project. Please do not circulate without permission. 1 Ottoman imperial order. Although it was never formulated in full clarity into constitutional language, according to imperial custom and law those individuals, whose status and wealth came from the sultan, state, and/or public (miri), were to be regarded as stripped of their private rights, and their life and property were to be under the absolute jurisdiction of the sovereign sultan. -
The Circassians in Turkey (1918-1938)
Yelbaşi, Caner (2017) Civil War, violence And nationality from empire to nation state : the Circassians in Turkey (1918-1938). PhD Thesis. SOAS, University of London. http://eprints.soas.ac.uk/id/eprint/24388 Copyright © and Moral Rights for this PhD Thesis are retained by the author and/or other copyright owners. A copy can be downloaded for personal non‐commercial research or study, without prior permission or charge. This PhD Thesis cannot be reproduced or quoted extensively from without first obtaining permission in writing from the copyright holder/s. The content must not be changed in any way or sold commercially in any format or medium without the formal permission of the copyright holders. When referring to this PhD Thesis, full bibliographic details including the author, title, awarding institution and date of the PhD Thesis must be given e.g. AUTHOR (year of submission) "Full PhD Thesis title", name of the School or Department, PhD PhD Thesis, pagination. CIVIL WAR, VIOLENCE AND NATIONALITY FROM EMPIRE TO NATION STATE: THE CIRCASSIANS IN TURKEY (1918-1938) CANER YELBAŞI Thesis submitted for the degree of PhD 2017 Department of History SOAS, University of London 1 Declaration for SOAS PhD thesis I have read and understood regulation 17.9 of the Regulations for students of the SOAS, University of London concerning plagiarism. I undertake that all the material presented for examination is my own work and has not been written for me, in whole or in part, by any other person. I also undertake that any quotation or paraphrase from the published or unpublished work of another person has been duly acknowledged in the work which I present for examination.