Wrong Plant, Wrong Place!

Total Page：16

File Type：pdf, Size：1020Kb

Wrong plant, wrong place! It’s everywhere this year and everybody is getting it - urushiol-induced contact dermatitis. Urushiol is the oil that causes this allergic reaction and it is present in several members of the family Anacardiaceae. Some of the more familiar and non-poisonous members of this family are Rhus (sumac, such as R. aromatica ‘Gro-Lo’ and R. typhina ‘Tiger Eyes’) and Cotinus (smokebush; C. coggygria ‘Royal Purple’). These add beautiful color to the garden and fragrance when leaves are cut. Jeff Good Christensen’s Plant Center 6282 Gotfredson Road Plymouth, Michigan 48170 (734) 454-1400 voice (734) 454-1414 fax Return to Archive It is another, much more infamous and ubiquitous The foliage of poison ivy is attractive member of the Cashews that has our attention, and growth is often lush (or rampant). Toxicodendron radicans (because it roots along Someone from England thought so with vigor) or sometimes pubescens (becoming highly of it they took it back to the more hairy and juicy as it matures). This “toxic- British Isles. Guess what? Downy tree” grows in almost any soil type in every region woodpeckers love the white berries of North America. It exists as an herbaceous or and are responsible for its ability woody vine, shrub (T. rydbergii), or even as a to reappear when you thought you tree (T. vernix). The species name, vernix, means just got it under control. Goats “varnished” or lacquered. This explains why the eat anything, including poison ivy, rash from these plants takes so long to get rid of. and often do a better job of getting it under control than chemical No one likes having to deal with Poison Ivy, but, herbicides. if you are exposed, wash with a non-oil-based soap and have Tecnu on hand. Learn to recognize Finally - “Leaves of three, let it be!” Toxicodendron in its variant forms. Information and “Hairy rope, don’t be a dope!” abounds as well as images to help identify poison ivy. Click this link for an article about the Montreal JG – Wrong Botanical Garden – Poison Plant Garden: Plant Guy http://thegardendiaries.wordpress.com/ 2012/04/06/danger-poison-in-the-garden/.

Copy Link

Recommended publications

Poison Ivy Vs. Lookalike Species
Poison Ivy vs. Lookalike Species Poison ivy comes in many different forms. Because of its variable appearance, it can often be difficult to identify. Using the handy guide below, learn how to distinguish poison ivy from other common lookalike plants (see back for a list of lookalikes). Poison ivy (Toxicodendron radicans) is a native plant valued by wildlife. Humans are one of the few species vulnerable to its “poison.” It can be found as a vine climbing fences, posts and trees, laying low as a trail vine, or as a shrub. The vine is the easiest form to identify because of its unique “hairy” appearance; the hairs are rootlets. The three leaves of poison ivy all have pointed tips. The leaf edges can be either serrated or smooth. The leaves typically look smooth and glossy with the middle leaf being the longest. It is typically reddish in the fall, while green to yellow the remainder of the year. Most have heard the catchy phrase, “leaves of three let it be”—it’s an easy-to-remember expression to help identify the plant. Images (front, top to bottom): Young poison ivy, credit R.A. Nonenmacher, via Wikimedia Commons Mature poison ivy, credit R.A. Nonenmacher, via Wikimedia Commons Poison Ivy Vine and leaves (note “hairy” rootlets), via Wikimedia Commons Images (back, top to bottom): Virginia Creeper (note 5 leaves, smooth vine). Credit: Chris Light, via Wikimedia Commons Box elder leaves; note smooth/fuzzy stem. Credit: Susan Charkes Mock strawberry leaves and fruit. Credit: Andrewbogott, via Wikimedia Commons Jack-in-the-pulpit.
[Show full text]
Poison Ivy (Toxicodendron Radicans) DESCRIPTION
Weed Identification and Control Sheet: www.goodoak.com/weeds Poison Ivy (Toxicodendron radicans) DESCRIPTION: Poison ivy is a native woody vine and member of the sumac family. It can be found in shady and sunny sites rambling along the ground, forming a small shrub, or climbing up trees. The vines attach to surfaces by means of thin aerial roots which grow along the length of the stem. The plant always has three leaflets which are often serrated. Usually these leaflets have one dominant lobe, giving the outer two leaves the appearance of mittens with the central leaf resembling a mitten with two thumbs. Young leaves are often dark green or maroonish, and the attractive fall foliage can range from brick to fire- engine red. Poison ivy is generally not considered a threat to native plant communities, in fact, the white berries provide winter food for birds and deer relish the foliage. Though harmless to most animals, many humans are allergic to the urushiol (yoo-roo-shee-ol) oil produced by the plant which results in itching, inflammation and blisters. This oil is found in all parts of the plant during all times of the year. This oil can also be spread by contact with clothing, shoes, pets or equipment that have touched poison ivy weeks or months after initial contact. It can even be transmitted in the air when poison ivy is burned, which presents a severe risk if inhaled and has been known to result in hospitalization and death. Though some people are not alleargic to the oil, its important to wear pants, long sleeves and gloves when working around poison ivy since the allergy can develop af- ter repeated exposures to urushiol.
[Show full text]
Biology and Management of Poison Ivy (Toxicodendron Radicans) in the Home Landscape1 Yuvraj Khamare and Chris Marble2
ENH1345 https://doi.org/10.32473/edis-EP609-2021 Biology and Management of Poison Ivy (Toxicodendron radicans) in the Home Landscape1 Yuvraj Khamare and Chris Marble2 Introduction Other common names Poison ivy (Toxicodendron radicans) is an allergenic plant Eastern poison ivy of the cashew family native to North America. Poison ivy and the closely related plants poison oak (Toxicodendron Life Span toxicarium) and poison sumac (Toxicodendron vernix) all Perennial growing vine or woody shrub grow in Florida and contain the oily resin called urushiol. A guide to identification of these species is available in the ar- Habitat ticle Identification of Poison Ivy, Poison Oak, Poison Sumac, Poison ivy is native to Florida and grows best in fertile, and Poison Wood. This EDIS publication is intended to aid moist, and well-drained soil. It is often found in fields, landowners, gardeners, horticulturalists, and pest manage- pastures, farms, home landscapes, and woodland areas. As ment professionals in identification and management of a vine, it can climb along fences and buildings, or it may poison ivy in residential and commercial landscapes. attach itself to shrubs, trees, or other structures (Figure 1). Species Description Distribution Class Poison ivy is native to North America, found from Maine Dicotyledon to Florida and westward from Nebraska to Texas (USDA- NRCS 2019). It is widely distributed through all the coun- Family ties in Florida (Wunderlin et al. 2019). It can also be found throughout southern Canada, Mexico, Japan, and central Anacardiaceae (Cashew family) China. 1. This document is ENH1345, one of a series of the Environmental Horticulture Department, UF/IFAS Extension.
[Show full text]
Trillium Reliquum)
REPRODUCTIVE BIOLOGY OF RELICT TRILLIUM (Trillium reliquum) Except where reference is made to the work of others, the work described in this thesis is my own or was done in collaboration with my advisory committee. This thesis does not include proprietary or classified information. _________________________________________ Melissa Gwynne Brooks Waddell Certificate of Approval: ________________________ _________________________ Robert Boyd Debbie R. Folkerts, Chair Professor Assistant Professor Biological Sciences Biological Sciences _____________________ _________________________ Robert Lishak Stephen L. McFarland Associate Professor Acting Dean Biological Sciences Graduate School REPRODUCTIVE BIOLOGY OF RELICT TRILLIUM (Trillium reliquum) Melissa Gwynne Brooks Waddell A Thesis Submitted to the Graduate Faculty of Auburn University in Partial Fulfillment of the Requirements for the Degree of Master of Science Auburn, Alabama August 7, 2006 REPRODUCTIVE BIOLOGY OF RELICT TRILLIUM (Trillium reliquum) Melissa Gwynne Brooks Waddell Permission is granted to Auburn University to make copies of this thesis at its discretion, upon request of individuals or institutions and at their expense. The author reserves all publication rights. ______________________________ Signature of Author ______________________________ Date of Graduation iii VITA Melissa Gwynne (Brooks) Waddell, daughter of Robert and Elaine Brooks, graduated from the University of North Alabama in 1996 with a bachelor’s degree in Geography and a minor in Biology. She graduated from Auburn University in 1998, in Horticulture and Landscape Design, and returned to Auburn University to pursue a master’s of science in 1999. Married in May 2004 to Erik Waddell, she accepted a position teaching seventh grade science and environmental science in December 2005. In July 2006, she begins a master’s degree in Education at the University of North Alabama.
[Show full text]
Urushiol (Poison Ivy)-Triggered Suppressor T Cell Clone Generated from Peripheral Blood
Urushiol (poison ivy)-triggered suppressor T cell clone generated from peripheral blood. R S Kalish, C Morimoto J Clin Invest. 1988;82(3):825-832. https://doi.org/10.1172/JCI113685. Research Article Allergic contact dermatitis to Toxicodendron radicans (poison ivy) is mediated by the hapten urushiol. An urushiol-specific, interleukin 2 (IL-2)-dependent T cell clone (RLB9-7) was generated from the peripheral blood of a patient with a history of allergic contact dermatitis to T. radicans. This clone proliferated specifically to both leaf extract and pure urushiol. Although the clone had the phenotype CD3+CD4+CD8+, proliferation to antigen was blocked by anti-CD8 and anti-HLA- A, B, C, but not by anti-CD4, suggesting that CD4 was not functionally associated with the T cell receptor. Furthermore, studies with antigen-presenting cells from MHC-typed donors indicated that the clone was MHC class 1 restricted. RLB9- 7 was WT31 positive, indicating it bears the alpha beta T cell receptor. The clone lacked significant natural killer cell activity and produced only low levels of IL-2 or gamma-interferon upon antigen stimulation. Addition of RLB9-7 to autologous peripheral blood mononuclear cells in the presence of urushiol inhibited the pokeweed mitogen-driven IgG synthesis. This suppression was resistant to irradiation (2,000 rad) and was not seen when RLB9-7 was added to allogeneic cells, even in the presence of irradiated autologous antigen-presenting cells, suggesting that suppression was MHC restricted and not mediated by nonspecific soluble factors. However, RLB9-7 cells in the presence of urushiol inhibited the synthesis of tetanus toxoid-specific IgG by autologous lymphocytes, indicating that the suppression, […] Find the latest version: https://jci.me/113685/pdf Urushiol (Poison Ivy)-triggered Suppressor T Cell Clone Generated from Peripheral Blood Richard S.
[Show full text]
Poison Ivy B
TM HO-218-W ConsumerConsumer HorticultureHorticulture Poison Ivy B. Rosie Lerner, Purdue Horticulture and Landscape Architecture Travis Legleiter, Purdue Botany and Plant Pathology This publication was adapted with permission from Poison Ivy: Identification and Control (University of Missouri Extension publication MU Guide 4880). Although it’s easy to identify poison ivy (Rhus radicans or Toxicodendron radicans) and most people have heard that they should avoid it, countless individuals experience a painful introduction to the species. A mere touch of poison ivy foliage can result in skin blotches and burning water blisters, which cause the flesh beneath to swell and throb with intense pain. Individuals may experience these symptoms a short time after exposure, or they may not experience them until a few days later. Fortunately, these reactions leave no scars, and do not affect general health. This publication describes how to identify poison ivy, provides treatment options for those who come in contact with the foliage, and offers control options. All parts of the poison ivy plant, including the stem and roots, contain and secrete hort.pudue.edu/ext a nonvolatile oil (oleo resin), which affects the skin. This oil is insoluble in water. That means if you simply wash with water alone after coming into contact with poison ivy, you merely spread the oil to other areas and increase the discomfort. Purdue Consumer However, washing with a strong alkali soap, such as yellow laundry or naptha, will Horticulture relieve the discomfort. Alcohol will dissolve and remove the oily substance from the skin, and if you apply it soon enough, may prevent irritation.
[Show full text]
<I>Isoetes</I> (Isoetaceae, L
The University of Southern Mississippi The Aquila Digital Community Honors Theses Honors College Fall 12-2017 Morphological, Genetic, and Environmental Characterization of an Unusual Population of Isoetes (Isoetaceae, Lycopodiophyta) Shannon L. Walker University of Southern Mississippi Follow this and additional works at: https://aquila.usm.edu/honors_theses Part of the Evolution Commons Recommended Citation Walker, Shannon L., "Morphological, Genetic, and Environmental Characterization of an Unusual Population of Isoetes (Isoetaceae, Lycopodiophyta)" (2017). Honors Theses. 539. https://aquila.usm.edu/honors_theses/539 This Honors College Thesis is brought to you for free and open access by the Honors College at The Aquila Digital Community. It has been accepted for inclusion in Honors Theses by an authorized administrator of The Aquila Digital Community. For more information, please contact [email protected]. The University of Southern Mississippi Morphological, Genetic, and Environmental Characterization of an Unusual Population of Isoetes (Isoetaceae, Lycopodiophyta) by Shannon Walker A Thesis Submitted to the Honors College of The University of Southern Mississippi in Partial Fulfillment of the Requirements for the Degree of Bachelor of Science in the Department of Biological Sciences December 2017 ii Approved by __________________________________________ Mac H. Alford, Ph.D., Professor and Thesis Advisor Department of Biological Sciences __________________________________________ Janet Donaldson, Ph.D., Chair Department of Biological Sciences __________________________________________ Ellen Weinauer, Ph.D., Dean Honors College iii Abstract A large and unusual population of Isoetes (Isoetaceae, Lycopodiophyta) in the DeSoto National Forest, Wayne County, Mississippi, was studied to determine if the individuals there represent a new species or if they represent part of the variation of the one primary species of the longleaf pine belt of Mississippi, Isoetes louisianensis, which it most closely resembles.
[Show full text]
Poisonous and Injurious Plants of the United States: a Bibliography
Humboldt State University Digital Commons @ Humboldt State University Botanical Studies Open Educational Resources and Data 5-2020 Poisonous and Injurious Plants of the United States: A Bibliography James P. Smith Jr Humboldt State University, [email protected] Follow this and additional works at: https://digitalcommons.humboldt.edu/botany_jps Part of the Botany Commons Recommended Citation Smith, James P. Jr, "Poisonous and Injurious Plants of the United States: A Bibliography" (2020). Botanical Studies. 67. https://digitalcommons.humboldt.edu/botany_jps/67 This Poisonous Plants is brought to you for free and open access by the Open Educational Resources and Data at Digital Commons @ Humboldt State University. It has been accepted for inclusion in Botanical Studies by an authorized administrator of Digital Commons @ Humboldt State University. For more information, please contact [email protected]. POISONOUS & INJURIOUS PLANTS OF THE UNITED STATES: A BIBLIOGRAPHY James P. Smith, Jr. Professor Emeritus of Botany Department of Biological Sciences Humboldt State University Arcata, California 23 May 2020 TABLE OF CONTENTS 1 • Introduction. 1 2 • General References . 2 3 • Symptoms & Sites . 8 4 • Poisonous Principles (Toxins). 12 5 • Food & Beverage Plants . 17 6 • Plants of Home & Garden . 19 7 • Medicinal Plants . 20 8 • Plants Poisonous to Pets & Horses . 21 9 • Purposeful Uses of Poisonous Plants Arrow and Dart Poisons. 22 Fish Poisons (Piscicides) . 23 Insecticides . 24 Rat Poisons (Raticides) . 25 Snail Poisons (Molluscides) . 25 10 • Plants by Major Group and Family Lycophytes . 26 Ferns. 26 Gymnosperms . 28 Flowering Plants . 30 11 • Plants by Region & State. 82 12 • Plants by Common & Scientific Names . 88 13 • Plants by Genus and Family .
[Show full text]
Biomass and Toxicity Responses of Poison Ivy (Toxicodendron Radicans) to Elevated Atmospheric CO2 Jacqueline E
Biomass and toxicity responses of poison ivy (Toxicodendron radicans) to elevated atmospheric CO2 Jacqueline E. Mohan*†‡§, Lewis H. Ziska¶, William H. Schlesinger*ʈ§, Richard B. Thomas**, Richard C. Sicher¶, Kate George¶, and James S. Clark*ʈ *Department of Biology and ʈNicholas School of the Environment and Earth Sciences, Duke University, Durham, NC 27708; †Department of Organismic and Evolutionary Biology, Harvard University, Cambridge, MA 02138; ‡Ecosystems Center, Marine Biological Laboratory, Woods Hole, MA 02543; ¶Agricultural Research Service, Crop Systems, and Global Change Laboratory, U.S. Department of Agriculture, Beltsville, MD 20705; and **Department of Biology, West Virginia University, Morgantown, WV 26506 Contributed by William H. Schlesinger, April 22, 2006 Contact with poison ivy (Toxicodendron radicans) is one of the a positive feedback of high CO2 for vines: With an increase in most widely reported ailments at poison centers in the United CO2 concentration and a corresponding increase in photosyn- States, and this plant has been introduced throughout the world, thesis, vines can allocate more photosynthate to additional where it occurs with other allergenic members of the cashew photosynthetic tissue, because of a low allocation to support family (Anacardiaceae). Approximately 80% of humans develop tissue relative to other woody growth forms (13, 14, 18, 19). dermatitis upon exposure to the carbon-based active compound, Increasing abundance of woody vines is causing increased tree urushiol. It is not known how poison ivy might respond to increas- mortality and reduced tree regeneration in forests around the ing concentrations of atmospheric carbon dioxide (CO2), but pre- globe (18, 20–23), potentially resulting in shifts in community vious work done in controlled growth chambers shows that other composition that may impact carbon cycling and biodiversity vines exhibit large growth enhancement from elevated CO2.
[Show full text]
Acer Negundo Boxelder
Acer negundo L. Boxelder (Acer californicum, Acer californicum var. texanum, Acer fauriei, Acer interius, Negundo californicum, Negundo aceroides, Negundo californicum, Negundo fraxinifolium, Negundo mexicanum, Negundo negundo, Rulac negundo, Rulac texana) Other Common Names: Arce, Ashleaf Maple, Red River Maple, Three-Leaved Maple, Manitoba Maple, Western Boxelder. Family: Traditionally placed in the Aceraceae, some taxonomists have now merged these taxa within the Sapindaceae. Cold Hardiness: Boxelder can withstand tremendously cold temperatures, to USDA hardiness zone 2, and are also able to thrive in the heat of the Deep South’s zone 9; regional native provenances would probably provide better adaptability. Foliage: Deciduous, opposite, pinnately compound leaves are light green maturing to a medium green or are sometimes variegated on cultivars; most leaves are trifoliate or have five leaflets, but some genotypes have pinnately compound leaves with as many as nine leaflets and range from 5 to 8 long; ovate leaflets are 2 to 4 long and 1½ to 2½ wide with acute to acuminate tips and are coarsely tooth or even shallowly lobed at the bases, particularly on the terminal leaflet; leaves emerge with tomentose pubescence; sometimes a pale yellow fall color develops, but leaves often fail to develop fall color; petioles are 2 to 3 long and slender, often swollen and more pubescent at the base. Flower: Interestingly A. negundo is dioecious while most other species of Acer have perfect flowers, are monoecious, or are polygamo-dioecious; the small spring flowers are yellow-green and not particularly showy but the drooping racemes of female flowers may be noticeable before the foliage emerges; male flowers are less noticeable in small clusters on slender peduncles.
[Show full text]
Vaccine Against Poison Ivy Induced Contact Dermatitis, a Lingering Scientific Challenge
International Journal of Vaccines and Vaccination Vaccine against Poison Ivy Induced Contact Dermatitis, A Lingering Scientific Challenge Abstract Review Article The most common North American plant to cause contact dermatitis is poison ivy Volume 2 Issue 1 - 2016 (Toxicodendron radicans). Urushiol is the oil of the plant to which the majority of people throughout the world are allergic. All parts of the plant contain urushiol which can remain active as allergen for many years. Institute of Biomedical Research, Canada According to the American Academy of Dermatology an estimated of up to 50 *Corresponding author: Drasko D Pekovic, Ph.D., Institute experiences similar situation. Current scientific research and medical statistics of Biomedical Research, 2550 Bates Road, suite 200, indicatemillion people that the in risks USA fromannually high-allergenic have an allergic plants reaction are getting to poison worse ivy.every Canada year. In addition to the contact dermatitis urushiol may, in extreme cases, generate anaphilaxis and even death if contaminated smoke is inhaled after burning of the Montreal (Quebec) Canada, H3S 1A7; Tel: (514) 340-9772; Fax: (514) 340-1045; Email: plant. Received: February 19, 2016 | Published: March 31, 2016 Biology and ecology of poison ivy have been abundantly described. Contrarily, medical impact of the plant remains not adequately studied. In spite of the scope of health and its socio-economical problems, poison ivy dermatitis has not attracted an adequate interest from the scientific communities. Although, preventive measures are elaborate, some protective creams are commercialized, but scientific research on specific immune response and the development of vaccine against urushiol remains a lingering challenge.
[Show full text]
Poison Ivy: Identification and Control
■ ,VVXHG LQ IXUWKHUDQFH RI WKH &RRSHUDWLYH ([WHQVLRQ :RUN$FWV RI 0D\ DQG -XQH LQ FRRSHUDWLRQ ZLWK WKH 8QLWHG 6WDWHV 'HSDUWPHQWRI$JULFXOWXUH 'LUHFWRU&RRSHUDWLYH([WHQVLRQ8QLYHUVLW\RI0LVVRXUL&ROXPELD02 ■DQHTXDORSSRUWXQLW\$'$LQVWLWXWLRQ■■H[WHQVLRQPLVVRXULHGX AGRICULTURE Poison Ivy: Identification and Control lthough poison ivy (Toxicodendron radicans) is easily identified and should be avoided, countless people A experience an uncomfortable introduction to the species. A mere touch of the foliage can result in a blotching of the skin and burning water blisters, which cause the flesh beneath to swell and itch intensely. Symptoms may become evident within a short time after exposure, or they may take a few days to appear. Usually, exposure leaves no scars, and general health is not impaired. All parts of the plant, including stem and roots, contain and secrete a nonvolatile oil called urushiol, which affects the skin. Because the oil is insoluble in water, washing with water alone merely spreads the oil to other areas and increases the discomfort. However, washing with a strong alkali soap such as yellow laundry soap or naptha will relieve the discomfort. Alcohol will dissolve and remove the oily substance from the skin, and, if applied soon enough, will prevent irritation. Burning poison ivy after it has been cut or grubbed out and dried can be hazardous because smoke can cause the same symptoms. Inhaling the smoke can result in serious consequences. Appearance Poison ivy can be found as a low-growing shrub, can grow as a trailing vine along the ground, or can occur as a Figure 1. Easily identified by its leaves, poison ivy can appear as either a vine vine that climbs to the top of the tallest tree.
[Show full text]