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Texas Trillium Arlington, Texas Ecological Services Field Office
U.S. FishU.S &. FishWildlife & Wildlife Service Service Texas Trillium Arlington, Texas Ecological Services Field Office Texas Trillium Trillium texanum Description Texas trillium belongs to the Liliaceae (lily) family and are rhizomatous herbs with unbranched stems. Trillium plants produce no true leaves or stems aboveground. Texas trillium has solitary white to pale pink flowers on a short stalk, situated above three bracteal leaves. It is the only trillium species in Texas with numerous stomata (specialized cells which open and close to regulate gas and water movement into/out of the plant) on Trillium pusillum var. texanum - (Photo Credit- Jason Singhurst) upper and lower surfaces of its bracts. Longevity is unknown, but one study fern (Woodwardia areolata), and showed that white trillium (Trillium green rein orchid (Platanthera grandiflorum) lives at least 30 years clavellata). based on estimates calculated from the number of constrictions on rhizomes. Conservation Although not listed as endangered or Habitat threatened by the State of Texas, Texas trillium habitat is characterized Texas trillium is ranked as a G2 by a shaded, forest understory. It (imperiled) by NatureServe and is flowers before full leaf-out of over ranked as a Sensitive Species by the story species and before being United States Forest Service. The Distribution overtopped by other herbaceous species is also listed on Texas Parks Texas trillium occurs across thirteen species. Texas trillium is found in the and Wildlife Department’s 2010 List counties in East Texas and into ecotone between riparian baygall and of the Rare Plants of Texas and as a northwestern Louisiana (Caddo sandy pine or oak uplands in the Species of Greatest Conservation Parish). -
Liliaceae S.L. (Lily Family)
Liliaceae s.l. (Lily family) Photo: Ben Legler Photo: Hannah Marx Photo: Hannah Marx Lilium columbianum Xerophyllum tenax Trillium ovatum Liliaceae s.l. (Lily family) Photo: Yaowu Yuan Fritillaria lanceolata Ref.1 Textbook DVD KRR&DLN Erythronium americanum Allium vineale Liliaceae s.l. (Lily family) Herbs; Ref.2 Stems often modified as underground rhizomes, corms, or bulbs; Flowers actinomorphic; 3 sepals and 3 petals or 6 tepals, 6 stamens, 3 carpels, ovary superior (or inferior). Tulipa gesneriana Liliaceae s.l. (Lily family) “Liliaceae” s.l. (sensu lato: “in the broad sense”) - Lily family; 288 genera/4950 species, including Lilium, Allium, Trillium, Tulipa; This family is treated in a very broad sense in this class, as in the Flora of the Pacific Northwest. The “Liliaceae” s.l. taught in this class is not monophyletic. It is apparent now that the family should be treated in a narrower sense and some of the members should form their own families. Judd et al. recognize 15+ families: Agavaceae, Alliaceae, Amarylidaceae, Asparagaceae, Asphodelaceae, Colchicaceae, Dracaenaceae (Nolinaceae), Hyacinthaceae, Liliaceae, Melanthiaceae, Ruscaceae, Smilacaceae, Themidaceae, Trilliaceae, Uvulariaceae and more!!! (see web reading “Consider the Lilies”) Iridaceae (Iris family) Photo: Hannah Marx Photo: Hannah Marx Iris pseudacorus Iridaceae (Iris family) Photo: Yaowu Yuan Photo: Yaowu Yuan Sisyrinchium douglasii Sisyrinchium sp. Iridaceae (Iris family) Iridaceae - 78 genera/1750 species, Including Iris, Gladiolus, Sisyrinchium. Herbs, aquatic or terrestrial; Underground stems as rhizomes, bulbs, or corms; Leaves alternate, 2-ranked and equitant Ref.3 (oriented edgewise to the stem; Gladiolus italicus Flowers actinomorphic or zygomorphic; 3 sepals and 3 petals or 6 tepals; Stamens 3; Ovary of 3 fused carpels, inferior. -
Natural Heritage Program List of Rare Plant Species of North Carolina 2016
Natural Heritage Program List of Rare Plant Species of North Carolina 2016 Revised February 24, 2017 Compiled by Laura Gadd Robinson, Botanist John T. Finnegan, Information Systems Manager North Carolina Natural Heritage Program N.C. Department of Natural and Cultural Resources Raleigh, NC 27699-1651 www.ncnhp.org C ur Alleghany rit Ashe Northampton Gates C uc Surry am k Stokes P d Rockingham Caswell Person Vance Warren a e P s n Hertford e qu Chowan r Granville q ot ui a Mountains Watauga Halifax m nk an Wilkes Yadkin s Mitchell Avery Forsyth Orange Guilford Franklin Bertie Alamance Durham Nash Yancey Alexander Madison Caldwell Davie Edgecombe Washington Tyrrell Iredell Martin Dare Burke Davidson Wake McDowell Randolph Chatham Wilson Buncombe Catawba Rowan Beaufort Haywood Pitt Swain Hyde Lee Lincoln Greene Rutherford Johnston Graham Henderson Jackson Cabarrus Montgomery Harnett Cleveland Wayne Polk Gaston Stanly Cherokee Macon Transylvania Lenoir Mecklenburg Moore Clay Pamlico Hoke Union d Cumberland Jones Anson on Sampson hm Duplin ic Craven Piedmont R nd tla Onslow Carteret co S Robeson Bladen Pender Sandhills Columbus New Hanover Tidewater Coastal Plain Brunswick THE COUNTIES AND PHYSIOGRAPHIC PROVINCES OF NORTH CAROLINA Natural Heritage Program List of Rare Plant Species of North Carolina 2016 Compiled by Laura Gadd Robinson, Botanist John T. Finnegan, Information Systems Manager North Carolina Natural Heritage Program N.C. Department of Natural and Cultural Resources Raleigh, NC 27699-1651 www.ncnhp.org This list is dynamic and is revised frequently as new data become available. New species are added to the list, and others are dropped from the list as appropriate. -
Poison Ivy Vs. Lookalike Species
Poison Ivy vs. Lookalike Species Poison ivy comes in many different forms. Because of its variable appearance, it can often be difficult to identify. Using the handy guide below, learn how to distinguish poison ivy from other common lookalike plants (see back for a list of lookalikes). Poison ivy (Toxicodendron radicans) is a native plant valued by wildlife. Humans are one of the few species vulnerable to its “poison.” It can be found as a vine climbing fences, posts and trees, laying low as a trail vine, or as a shrub. The vine is the easiest form to identify because of its unique “hairy” appearance; the hairs are rootlets. The three leaves of poison ivy all have pointed tips. The leaf edges can be either serrated or smooth. The leaves typically look smooth and glossy with the middle leaf being the longest. It is typically reddish in the fall, while green to yellow the remainder of the year. Most have heard the catchy phrase, “leaves of three let it be”—it’s an easy-to-remember expression to help identify the plant. Images (front, top to bottom): Young poison ivy, credit R.A. Nonenmacher, via Wikimedia Commons Mature poison ivy, credit R.A. Nonenmacher, via Wikimedia Commons Poison Ivy Vine and leaves (note “hairy” rootlets), via Wikimedia Commons Images (back, top to bottom): Virginia Creeper (note 5 leaves, smooth vine). Credit: Chris Light, via Wikimedia Commons Box elder leaves; note smooth/fuzzy stem. Credit: Susan Charkes Mock strawberry leaves and fruit. Credit: Andrewbogott, via Wikimedia Commons Jack-in-the-pulpit. -
Guide to the Flora of the Carolinas, Virginia, and Georgia, Working Draft of 17 March 2004 -- LILIACEAE
Guide to the Flora of the Carolinas, Virginia, and Georgia, Working Draft of 17 March 2004 -- LILIACEAE LILIACEAE de Jussieu 1789 (Lily Family) (also see AGAVACEAE, ALLIACEAE, ALSTROEMERIACEAE, AMARYLLIDACEAE, ASPARAGACEAE, COLCHICACEAE, HEMEROCALLIDACEAE, HOSTACEAE, HYACINTHACEAE, HYPOXIDACEAE, MELANTHIACEAE, NARTHECIACEAE, RUSCACEAE, SMILACACEAE, THEMIDACEAE, TOFIELDIACEAE) As here interpreted narrowly, the Liliaceae constitutes about 11 genera and 550 species, of the Northern Hemisphere. There has been much recent investigation and re-interpretation of evidence regarding the upper-level taxonomy of the Liliales, with strong suggestions that the broad Liliaceae recognized by Cronquist (1981) is artificial and polyphyletic. Cronquist (1993) himself concurs, at least to a degree: "we still await a comprehensive reorganization of the lilies into several families more comparable to other recognized families of angiosperms." Dahlgren & Clifford (1982) and Dahlgren, Clifford, & Yeo (1985) synthesized an early phase in the modern revolution of monocot taxonomy. Since then, additional research, especially molecular (Duvall et al. 1993, Chase et al. 1993, Bogler & Simpson 1995, and many others), has strongly validated the general lines (and many details) of Dahlgren's arrangement. The most recent synthesis (Kubitzki 1998a) is followed as the basis for familial and generic taxonomy of the lilies and their relatives (see summary below). References: Angiosperm Phylogeny Group (1998, 2003); Tamura in Kubitzki (1998a). Our “liliaceous” genera (members of orders placed in the Lilianae) are therefore divided as shown below, largely following Kubitzki (1998a) and some more recent molecular analyses. ALISMATALES TOFIELDIACEAE: Pleea, Tofieldia. LILIALES ALSTROEMERIACEAE: Alstroemeria COLCHICACEAE: Colchicum, Uvularia. LILIACEAE: Clintonia, Erythronium, Lilium, Medeola, Prosartes, Streptopus, Tricyrtis, Tulipa. MELANTHIACEAE: Amianthium, Anticlea, Chamaelirium, Helonias, Melanthium, Schoenocaulon, Stenanthium, Veratrum, Toxicoscordion, Trillium, Xerophyllum, Zigadenus. -
Woodland/Shade Gardening by Jimi Blake
V OLUME 24, I SSUE 4 O CTOBER— DECEMBER 2015 Piedmont Chapter North American Rock Garden Society The Trillium Chapel Hill, Durham, Raleigh, NC Woodland/Shade Gardening By Jimi Blake Woodland plants are the brave plants that burst into flower in the spring lifting my spirit and encouraging me to start back to gardening in Hunting Brook, Co. Wicklow, Ireland. These plants are so important in the garden to extend the season of interest and brighten up a shady area. An expanse of deciduous woodland is not necessary to create a woodland garden, though it is a dream situation for this purpose but that shaded area in the corner of the garden where you dump the grass mowings can take on a whole new life, or by simply pruning a shrub to let more light under it will allow for your mini woodland garden. The other type of shade in lots of gardens is the shade creat- ed by walls, which is also suitable for growing woodland plants. In the wild, these plants flower under the dappled shade of the deciduous trees before the leaves shade out the woodland floor during the summer months. Generally the woodland plants finish flowering by early to mid sum- mer and form a ground cover of various shades of green. These plants are called spring ephemerals. Remember the secret of a good woodland garden is the preparation of the soil, as these areas can be quite dry in the summer with the roots of the trees or shrubs taking up the moisture. When I started the woodland gardens in Hunting Brook I cleared the weeds by hand and then dug over the soil and incorporated a mixture of leaf mould or garden compost, and very well rotted farmyard manure creating a delicious mixture for these woodland gems to grow well in. -
September Gsat 03
to use properties of the relict landscape The non-equilibrium landscape of the to characterize paleorelief. While elevation changes in the Sierra Nevada bear directly on several litho- southern Sierra Nevada, California spheric-scale geodynamic processes proposed for the western Cordillera, the Marin K. Clark, Gweltaz Maheo, Jason Saleeby, and Kenneth A. Farley, California elevation history of the range remains Institute of Technology, MS 100-23, Pasadena, California 91125, USA, mclark@gps. hotly debated. Several studies argue caltech.edu for an increase in range elevation in late Cenozoic time. Sedimentary evi- ABSTRACT Gubbels et al., 1993; Sugai and Ohmori, dence suggests that an increase of up The paleoelevation of the Sierra 1999; Clark et al., 2005) as in “type” to 2 km since 10 Ma has occurred due Nevada, California, is important to steady-state orogens such as Taiwan. to block faulting and westward tilting our understanding of the Cenozoic These low-relief landscapes are inter- of the range (Le Conte, 1880; Huber, geodynamic evolution of the North preted as paleolandscapes (or relict 1981; Unruh, 1991; Wakabayashi and America–Pacific plate boundary, landscapes) that preserve information Sawyer, 2001). Similarly, Stock et al. and the current debate is fueled by about erosional processes, erosion rate, (2004, 2005) document accelerated river data that argue for conflicting eleva- and relief related to past tectonic and incision between 2.7 and 1.4 Ma in the tion histories. The non-equilibrium climatic conditions. Kings River canyon, which they relate or transient landscape of the Sierra Landscape response to external forc- to a tectonically driven increase in mean Nevada contains information about ing is largely controlled by the behavior elevation. -
Petition to List the Relict Leopard Frog (Rana Onca) As an Endangered Species Under the Endangered Species Act
BEFORE THE SECRETARY OF INTERIOR PETITION TO LIST THE RELICT LEOPARD FROG (RANA ONCA) AS AN ENDANGERED SPECIES UNDER THE ENDANGERED SPECIES ACT CENTER FOR BIOLOGICAL DIVERSITY SOUTHERN UTAH WILDERNESS ALLIANCE PETITIONERS May 8, 2002 EXECUTIVE SUMMARY The relict leopard frog (Rana onca) has the dubious distinction of being one of the first North American amphibians thought to have become extinct. Although known to have inhabited at least 64 separate locations, the last historical collections of the species were in the 1950s and this frog was only recently rediscovered at 8 (of the original 64) locations in the early 1990s. This extremely endangered amphibian is now restricted to only 6 localities (a 91% reduction from the original 64 locations) in two disjunct areas within the Lake Mead National Recreation Area in Nevada. The relict leopard frog historically occurred in springs, seeps, and wetlands within the Virgin, Muddy, and Colorado River drainages, in Utah, Nevada, and Arizona. The Vegas Valley leopard frog, which once inhabited springs in the Las Vegas, Nevada area (and is probably now extinct), may eventually prove to be synonymous with R. onca. Relict leopard frogs were recently discovered in eight springs in the early 1990s near Lake Mead and along the Virgin River. The species has subsequently disappeared from two of these localities. Only about 500 to 1,000 adult frogs remain in the population and none of the extant locations are secure from anthropomorphic events, thus putting the species at an almost guaranteed risk of extinction. The relict leopard frog has likely been extirpated from Utah, Arizona, and from the Muddy River drainage in Nevada, and persists in only 9% of its known historical range. -
Ecosystem Profile Madagascar and Indian
ECOSYSTEM PROFILE MADAGASCAR AND INDIAN OCEAN ISLANDS FINAL VERSION DECEMBER 2014 This version of the Ecosystem Profile, based on the draft approved by the Donor Council of CEPF was finalized in December 2014 to include clearer maps and correct minor errors in Chapter 12 and Annexes Page i Prepared by: Conservation International - Madagascar Under the supervision of: Pierre Carret (CEPF) With technical support from: Moore Center for Science and Oceans - Conservation International Missouri Botanical Garden And support from the Regional Advisory Committee Léon Rajaobelina, Conservation International - Madagascar Richard Hughes, WWF – Western Indian Ocean Edmond Roger, Université d‘Antananarivo, Département de Biologie et Ecologie Végétales Christopher Holmes, WCS – Wildlife Conservation Society Steve Goodman, Vahatra Will Turner, Moore Center for Science and Oceans, Conservation International Ali Mohamed Soilihi, Point focal du FEM, Comores Xavier Luc Duval, Point focal du FEM, Maurice Maurice Loustau-Lalanne, Point focal du FEM, Seychelles Edmée Ralalaharisoa, Point focal du FEM, Madagascar Vikash Tatayah, Mauritian Wildlife Foundation Nirmal Jivan Shah, Nature Seychelles Andry Ralamboson Andriamanga, Alliance Voahary Gasy Idaroussi Hamadi, CNDD- Comores Luc Gigord - Conservatoire botanique du Mascarin, Réunion Claude-Anne Gauthier, Muséum National d‘Histoire Naturelle, Paris Jean-Paul Gaudechoux, Commission de l‘Océan Indien Drafted by the Ecosystem Profiling Team: Pierre Carret (CEPF) Harison Rabarison, Nirhy Rabibisoa, Setra Andriamanaitra, -
ROLE of COLOR and ODOR on the ATTRACTION of INSECT VISITORS to SPRING BLOOMING TRILLIUM a Thesis Presented to the Faculty Of
ROLE OF COLOR AND ODOR ON THE ATTRACTION OF INSECT VISITORS TO SPRING BLOOMING TRILLIUM A thesis presented to the faculty of the Graduate School of Western Carolina University in partial fulfillment of the requirements for the degree of Master of Science in Biology. By Natasha Marie Shipman Director: Dr. Laura DeWald Professor of Biology Biology Department Committee Members: Dr. Beverly Collins, Biology Dr. Amy Boyd, Biology Summer 2011 ACKNOWLEDGEMENTS This study was supported by grants from the Southern Appalachian Botanical Society Earl Core Graduate Student Research Award and North Carolina Native Plant Society Tom and Bruce Shinn Grant. I thank Jay Kranyik, director of the Botanical Gardens at Asheville for allowing me to use this location as my study site. Many Thanks to Warren Wilson College undergraduate students Manday Monroe, Alison LaRocca and Laura Miess for their constant help with field work; Shaun Moore for his support and help with development of experimental flowers and field work; Dr. Paul Bartels for his support and expertise in PRIMER-E; Dr. David Alsop (Professor, retired, Department of Biology, Queens College, The City University of New York) for his expertise and ability to help identify insects collected; my adviser Dr. Laura DeWald for her continued encouragement, advise and support; the rest of my committee Dr. Amy Boyd and Dr. Beverly Collins for advise and support. TABLE OF CONTENTS Page List of Tables……………………………………………………………………. iv List of Figures…………………………………………………………………… v Abstract………………………………………………………………………….. vi Chapter 1: Introduction………………………………………………………..... 1 Chapter 2: Literature Review…………………………………………………... 3 Floral Cues and Insect Response…………………………………….. 3 Plant-Pollinator Interactions: Specializations - Generalizations Continuum……………................ 10 Trillium…………………………………………………………………… 14 Chapter 3: Manuscript…………………………………………………………. -
Natural Heritage Program List of Rare Plant Species of North Carolina 2012
Natural Heritage Program List of Rare Plant Species of North Carolina 2012 Edited by Laura E. Gadd, Botanist John T. Finnegan, Information Systems Manager North Carolina Natural Heritage Program Office of Conservation, Planning, and Community Affairs N.C. Department of Environment and Natural Resources 1601 MSC, Raleigh, NC 27699-1601 Natural Heritage Program List of Rare Plant Species of North Carolina 2012 Edited by Laura E. Gadd, Botanist John T. Finnegan, Information Systems Manager North Carolina Natural Heritage Program Office of Conservation, Planning, and Community Affairs N.C. Department of Environment and Natural Resources 1601 MSC, Raleigh, NC 27699-1601 www.ncnhp.org NATURAL HERITAGE PROGRAM LIST OF THE RARE PLANTS OF NORTH CAROLINA 2012 Edition Edited by Laura E. Gadd, Botanist and John Finnegan, Information Systems Manager North Carolina Natural Heritage Program, Office of Conservation, Planning, and Community Affairs Department of Environment and Natural Resources, 1601 MSC, Raleigh, NC 27699-1601 www.ncnhp.org Table of Contents LIST FORMAT ......................................................................................................................................................................... 3 NORTH CAROLINA RARE PLANT LIST ......................................................................................................................... 10 NORTH CAROLINA PLANT WATCH LIST ..................................................................................................................... 71 Watch Category -
Anatomical Leaf Adaptations in Vascular Plants of a Salt Marsh in the Atacama Desert (Chile)
Revista Chilena de Historia Natural 64:65-75,1991 Anatomical leaf adaptations in vascular plants of a salt marsh in the Atacama Desert (Chile) Adaptaciones anat6micas foliares en plantas vasculares de un pantano salobre en el Desierto de Atacama (Chile) 1 2 1 VERONICA POBLETE , VICTORIANO CAMPOS , LUIS GONZALEZ and GLORIA MONTENEGR0 1 1 Facultad de Ciencias Bio16gicas, P. Universidad Cat6lica de Chile, Casilla 114-D, Santiago, Chile. 2 Facultad de Ciencias Basicas yMatematicas, U. Cat6lica de Valparaiso, Av. Brasil 2530, Valparaiso, Chile. ABSTRACT A community of vascular plants living in a salt marsh in the Atacama Desert (northern Chile) was studied. Environmental parameters such as high solar radiation, drought, wind and high salt concentration are the most important limiting factors. Above-ground vegetative organs of twelve species living in this environment were morphologically and mi- croscopically analyzed in terms of adaptive features that allow them to survive under these conditions. These species showed an interesting display of traits such as extremely reduced leaf area, striated cuticles, sunken stomata, compact leaf tissues, salt crystals, salt glands and vertically oriented photosynthetic parenchyma. These characteristics were statistically tested in order to establish the clustering degree among them; two leaf patterns were found within the sample. The particular leaf anatomy exhibited is discussed, considering it as being adaptive to the stressful environmental conditions of the area. Key words: Atacama Desert, salt marsh, leaf anatomy. RESUMEN Se analizaron las plantas vasculares que conforman una comunidad de pantano salino ubicada en el Desierto de Ata- cama. La alta radiaci6n solar, sequedad atmosferica, viento y alta concentraci6n salina son los factores limitantes para Ia sobrevivencia de estas especies.