Anatomic Moment: Osseous Anatomy of the Pterygopalatine Fossa
Total Page:16
File Type:pdf, Size:1020Kb
Load more
Recommended publications
-
MR Imaging of the Orbital Apex
J Korean Radiol Soc 2000;4 :26 9-0 6 1 6 MR Imaging of the Orbital Apex: An a to m y and Pat h o l o g y 1 Ho Kyu Lee, M.D., Chang Jin Kim, M.D.2, Hyosook Ahn, M.D.3, Ji Hoon Shin, M.D., Choong Gon Choi, M.D., Dae Chul Suh, M.D. The apex of the orbit is basically formed by the optic canal, the superior orbital fis- su r e , and their contents. Space-occupying lesions in this area can result in clinical d- eficits caused by compression of the optic nerve or extraocular muscles. Even vas c u l a r changes in the cavernous sinus can produce a direct mass effect and affect the orbit ap e x. When pathologic changes in this region is suspected, contrast-enhanced MR imaging with fat saturation is very useful. According to the anatomic regions from which the lesions arise, they can be classi- fied as belonging to one of five groups; lesions of the optic nerve-sheath complex, of the conal and intraconal spaces, of the extraconal space and bony orbit, of the cav- ernous sinus or diffuse. The characteristic MR findings of various orbital lesions will be described in this paper. Index words : Orbit, diseases Orbit, MR The apex of the orbit is a complex region which con- tains many nerves, vessels, soft tissues, and bony struc- Anatomy of the orbital apex tures such as the superior orbital fissure and the optic canal (1-3), and is likely to be involved in various dis- The orbital apex region consists of the optic nerve- eases (3). -
The Normal Dimensions of the Sella Turcica in North Karnataka Region- a Computed Tomographic Study Lohit V Shaha*, Babasaheb G Patil**, Sanjeev I Kolagi***
Original Article Pravara Med Rev 2018;10(3) The normal dimensions of the Sella Turcica in North Karnataka region- A Computed tomographic study Lohit V Shaha*, Babasaheb G Patil**, Sanjeev I Kolagi*** Abstract Aim of the study: Sella turcica is an important structure in middle cranial fossa. It is a saddle shaped concavity in the body of sphenoid bone. It is bounded by dura of cavernous sinuses bilaterally, the lamina dura and dorsum sellae posteriorly and the tuberculum sellae and planum sphenoidale anteriorly. The present study was undertaken to study the normal dimensions of sella turcica morphometry. Material and methods: This observational study was conducted in S Nijalingappa medical college and HSK hospital, Bagalkot. 1650 computed tomographic images of healthy Indians aged 21-70 years were collected. Radiant Dicom viewer software was used to determine the linear dimensions of sella turcica. Data was analysed using t test and ANOVA with Epi Info software. Results: The mean values (in millimeter) of length, width and height of sella turcica in different age groups was 8.80 ± 1.65, 10.83 ± 1.35 and 8.52 ± 1.50. Conclusion: The dimensions of sella turcica vary in different populations and these findings could form an initial database for Indian population which may provide a good anatomical knowledge during objective evaluation and detection of pathological conditions of sella turcica and hypophysis cerebri. Key words: Sphenoid bone, Linear dimensions, Hypophysis cerebri Introduction Sella turcica is an important structure in middle cranial fossa. It is safe treatment of various pituitary disorders such as a saddle shaped concavity in the body of sphenoid bone. -
The Anatomic Analysis of the Vidian Canal and the Surrounding
Braz J Otorhinolaryngol. 2019;85(2):136---143 Brazilian Journal of OTORHINOLARYNGOLOGY www.bjorl.org ORIGINAL ARTICLE The anatomic analysis of the vidian canal and the surrounding structures concerning vidian neurectomy ଝ using computed tomography scans a,∗ a b Gülay Ac¸ar , Aynur Emine C¸ic¸ekcibas¸ı , ˙Ibrahim C¸ukurova , c a d Kemal Emre Özen , Muzaffer ¸ekerS , ˙Ibrahim Güler a Necmettin Erbakan University, Meram Faculty of Medicine, Department of Anatomy, Konya, Turkey b Health Sciences University, Izmir Tepecik Trainig and Research Hospital, Department of Otolaryngology-Head and Neck Surgery, Izmir, Turkey c Katip C¸elebi University, Faculty of Medicine, Department of Anatomy, Izmir, Turkey d Selcuk University, Faculty of Medicine, Department of Radiology, Konya, Turkey Received 15 September 2017; accepted 8 November 2017 Available online 26 December 2017 KEYWORDS Abstract Intrasphenoid Introduction: The type of endoscopic approach chosen for vidian neurectomy can be specified septum; by evaluating the vidian canal and the surrounding sphenoid sinus structures. Morphometric Objective: The variations and morphometry of the vidian canal were investigated, focusing on analysis; the functional correlations between them which are crucial anatomical landmarks for preoper- Pterygoid process ative planning. pneumatization; Methods: This study was performed using paranasal multidetector computed tomography Vidian canal; images that were obtained with a section thickening of 0.625 mm of 250 adults. Vidian neurectomy Results: The distributions of 500 vidian canal variants were categorized as follows; Type 1, within the sphenoid corpus (55.6%); Type 2, partially protruding into the sphenoid sinus (34.8%); Type 3, within the sphenoid sinus (9.6%). The pneumatization of the pterygoid process is mostly seen in vidian canal Type 2 (72.4%) and Type 3 (95.8%) (p < 0.001). -
Anatomy of Maxillary and Mandibular Local Anesthesia
Anatomy of Mandibular and Maxillary Local Anesthesia Patricia L. Blanton, Ph.D., D.D.S. Professor Emeritus, Department of Anatomy, Baylor College of Dentistry – TAMUS and Private Practice in Periodontics Dallas, Texas Anatomy of Mandibular and Maxillary Local Anesthesia I. Introduction A. The anatomical basis of local anesthesia 1. Infiltration anesthesia 2. Block or trunk anesthesia II. Review of the Trigeminal Nerve (Cranial n. V) – the major sensory nerve of the head A. Ophthalmic Division 1. Course a. Superior orbital fissure – root of orbit – supraorbital foramen 2. Branches – sensory B. Maxillary Division 1. Course a. Foramen rotundum – pterygopalatine fossa – inferior orbital fissure – floor of orbit – infraorbital 2. Branches - sensory a. Zygomatic nerve b. Pterygopalatine nerves [nasal (nasopalatine), orbital, palatal (greater and lesser palatine), pharyngeal] c. Posterior superior alveolar nerves d. Infraorbital nerve (middle superior alveolar nerve, anterior superior nerve) C. Mandibular Division 1. Course a. Foramen ovale – infratemporal fossa – mandibular foramen, Canal -> mental foramen 2. Branches a. Sensory (1) Long buccal nerve (2) Lingual nerve (3) Inferior alveolar nerve -> mental nerve (4) Auriculotemporal nerve b. Motor (1) Pterygoid nerves (2) Temporal nerves (3) Masseteric nerves (4) Nerve to tensor tympani (5) Nerve to tensor veli palatine (6) Nerve to mylohyoid (7) Nerve to anterior belly of digastric c. Both motor and sensory (1) Mylohyoid nerve III. Usual Routes of innervation A. Maxilla 1. Teeth a. Molars – Posterior superior alveolar nerve b. Premolars – Middle superior alveolar nerve c. Incisors and cuspids – Anterior superior alveolar nerve 2. Gingiva a. Facial/buccal – Superior alveolar nerves b. Palatal – Anterior – Nasopalatine nerve; Posterior – Greater palatine nerves B. -
Perinate and Eggs of a Giant Caenagnathid Dinosaur from the Late Cretaceous of Central China
ARTICLE Received 29 Jul 2016 | Accepted 15 Feb 2017 | Published 9 May 2017 DOI: 10.1038/ncomms14952 OPEN Perinate and eggs of a giant caenagnathid dinosaur from the Late Cretaceous of central China Hanyong Pu1, Darla K. Zelenitsky2, Junchang Lu¨3, Philip J. Currie4, Kenneth Carpenter5,LiXu1, Eva B. Koppelhus4, Songhai Jia1, Le Xiao1, Huali Chuang1, Tianran Li1, Martin Kundra´t6 & Caizhi Shen3 The abundance of dinosaur eggs in Upper Cretaceous strata of Henan Province, China led to the collection and export of countless such fossils. One of these specimens, recently repatriated to China, is a partial clutch of large dinosaur eggs (Macroelongatoolithus) with a closely associated small theropod skeleton. Here we identify the specimen as an embryo and eggs of a new, large caenagnathid oviraptorosaur, Beibeilong sinensis. This specimen is the first known association between skeletal remains and eggs of caenagnathids. Caenagnathids and oviraptorids share similarities in their eggs and clutches, although the eggs of Beibeilong are significantly larger than those of oviraptorids and indicate an adult body size comparable to a gigantic caenagnathid. An abundance of Macroelongatoolithus eggs reported from Asia and North America contrasts with the dearth of giant caenagnathid skeletal remains. Regardless, the large caenagnathid-Macroelongatoolithus association revealed here suggests these dinosaurs were relatively common during the early Late Cretaceous. 1 Henan Geological Museum, Zhengzhou 450016, China. 2 Department of Geoscience, University of Calgary, Calgary, Alberta, Canada T2N 1N4. 3 Institute of Geology, Chinese Academy of Geological Sciences, Beijing 100037, China. 4 Department of Biological Sciences, University of Alberta, Edmonton, Alberta, Canada T6G 2E9. 5 Prehistoric Museum, Utah State University, 155 East Main Street, Price, Utah 84501, USA. -
View (FOV) 210, Number of in a Level C Recommendation for INALA for Acute Acquisitions 3; Sagittal T1 Weighted: TR Range 710, TE 10, Migraine Treatment [6]
Crespi et al. The Journal of Headache and Pain (2018) 19:14 The Journal of Headache https://doi.org/10.1186/s10194-018-0843-5 and Pain RESEARCHARTICLE Open Access Measurement and implications of the distance between the sphenopalatine ganglion and nasal mucosa: a neuroimaging study Joan Crespi1,2,3* , Daniel Bratbak2,4, David Dodick2,5, Manjit Matharu6, Kent Are Jamtøy2,7, Irina Aschehoug2 and Erling Tronvik1,2,3 Abstract Background: Historical reports describe the sphenopalatine ganglion (SPG) as positioned directly under the nasal mucosa. This is the basis for the topical intranasal administration of local anaesthetic (LA) towards the sphenopalatine foramen (SPF) which is hypothesized to diffuse a distance as short as 1 mm. Nonetheless, the SPG is located in the sphenopalatine fossa, encapsulated in connective tissue, surrounded by fat tissue and separated from the nasal cavity by a bony wall. The sphenopalatine fossa communicates with the nasal cavity through the SPF, which contains neurovascular structures packed with connective tissue and is covered by mucosa in the nasal cavity. Endoscopically the SPF does not appear open. It has hitherto not been demonstrated that LA reaches the SPG using this approach. Methods: Our group has previously identified the SPG on 3 T–MRI images merged with CT. This enabled us to measure the distance from the SPG to the nasal mucosa covering the SPF in 20 Caucasian subjects on both sides (n =40ganglia). This distance was measured by two physicians. Interobserver variability was evaluated using the intraclass correlation coefficient (ICC). Results: The mean distance from the SPG to the closest point of the nasal cavity directly over the mucosa covering the SPF was 6.77 mm (SD 1.75; range, 4.00–11.60). -
Morfofunctional Structure of the Skull
N.L. Svintsytska V.H. Hryn Morfofunctional structure of the skull Study guide Poltava 2016 Ministry of Public Health of Ukraine Public Institution «Central Methodological Office for Higher Medical Education of MPH of Ukraine» Higher State Educational Establishment of Ukraine «Ukranian Medical Stomatological Academy» N.L. Svintsytska, V.H. Hryn Morfofunctional structure of the skull Study guide Poltava 2016 2 LBC 28.706 UDC 611.714/716 S 24 «Recommended by the Ministry of Health of Ukraine as textbook for English- speaking students of higher educational institutions of the MPH of Ukraine» (minutes of the meeting of the Commission for the organization of training and methodical literature for the persons enrolled in higher medical (pharmaceutical) educational establishments of postgraduate education MPH of Ukraine, from 02.06.2016 №2). Letter of the MPH of Ukraine of 11.07.2016 № 08.01-30/17321 Composed by: N.L. Svintsytska, Associate Professor at the Department of Human Anatomy of Higher State Educational Establishment of Ukraine «Ukrainian Medical Stomatological Academy», PhD in Medicine, Associate Professor V.H. Hryn, Associate Professor at the Department of Human Anatomy of Higher State Educational Establishment of Ukraine «Ukrainian Medical Stomatological Academy», PhD in Medicine, Associate Professor This textbook is intended for undergraduate, postgraduate students and continuing education of health care professionals in a variety of clinical disciplines (medicine, pediatrics, dentistry) as it includes the basic concepts of human anatomy of the skull in adults and newborns. Rewiewed by: O.M. Slobodian, Head of the Department of Anatomy, Topographic Anatomy and Operative Surgery of Higher State Educational Establishment of Ukraine «Bukovinian State Medical University», Doctor of Medical Sciences, Professor M.V. -
Craniodental Anatomy of a New Late Cretaceous Multituberculate Mammal from Udan Sayr, Mongolia
University of Louisville ThinkIR: The University of Louisville's Institutional Repository Electronic Theses and Dissertations 8-2014 Craniodental anatomy of a new late cretaceous multituberculate mammal from Udan Sayr, Mongolia. Amir Subhash Sheth University of Louisville Follow this and additional works at: https://ir.library.louisville.edu/etd Part of the Anatomy Commons, and the Medical Neurobiology Commons Recommended Citation Sheth, Amir Subhash, "Craniodental anatomy of a new late cretaceous multituberculate mammal from Udan Sayr, Mongolia." (2014). Electronic Theses and Dissertations. Paper 1317. https://doi.org/10.18297/etd/1317 This Master's Thesis is brought to you for free and open access by ThinkIR: The nivU ersity of Louisville's Institutional Repository. It has been accepted for inclusion in Electronic Theses and Dissertations by an authorized administrator of ThinkIR: The nivU ersity of Louisville's Institutional Repository. This title appears here courtesy of the author, who has retained all other copyrights. For more information, please contact [email protected]. CRANIODENTAL ANATOMY OF A NEW LATE CRETACEOUS MULTITUBERCULATE MAMMAL FROM UDAN SAYR, MONGOLIA By Amir Subhash Sheth B.A., Centre College, 2010 A Thesis Submitted to the Faculty of the School of Medicine of the University of Louisville in Partial Fulfillment of the Requirements for the Degree of Master of Science Department of Anatomical Sciences and Neurobiology University of Louisville Louisville, Kentucky August 2014 CRANIODENTAL ANATOMY OF A NEW LATE CRETACEOUS MULTITUBERCULATE MAMMAL FROM UDAN SAYR, MONGOLIA By Amir Subhash Sheth B.A., Centre College, 2010 A Thesis Approved on July 18th, 2014 By the Following Thesis Committee: ________________________________ (Guillermo W. -
GLOSSARY of MEDICAL and ANATOMICAL TERMS
GLOSSARY of MEDICAL and ANATOMICAL TERMS Abbreviations: • A. Arabic • abb. = abbreviation • c. circa = about • F. French • adj. adjective • G. Greek • Ge. German • cf. compare • L. Latin • dim. = diminutive • OF. Old French • ( ) plural form in brackets A-band abb. of anisotropic band G. anisos = unequal + tropos = turning; meaning having not equal properties in every direction; transverse bands in living skeletal muscle which rotate the plane of polarised light, cf. I-band. Abbé, Ernst. 1840-1905. German physicist; mathematical analysis of optics as a basis for constructing better microscopes; devised oil immersion lens; Abbé condenser. absorption L. absorbere = to suck up. acervulus L. = sand, gritty; brain sand (cf. psammoma body). acetylcholine an ester of choline found in many tissue, synapses & neuromuscular junctions, where it is a neural transmitter. acetylcholinesterase enzyme at motor end-plate responsible for rapid destruction of acetylcholine, a neurotransmitter. acidophilic adj. L. acidus = sour + G. philein = to love; affinity for an acidic dye, such as eosin staining cytoplasmic proteins. acinus (-i) L. = a juicy berry, a grape; applied to small, rounded terminal secretory units of compound exocrine glands that have a small lumen (adj. acinar). acrosome G. akron = extremity + soma = body; head of spermatozoon. actin polymer protein filament found in the intracellular cytoskeleton, particularly in the thin (I-) bands of striated muscle. adenohypophysis G. ade = an acorn + hypophyses = an undergrowth; anterior lobe of hypophysis (cf. pituitary). adenoid G. " + -oeides = in form of; in the form of a gland, glandular; the pharyngeal tonsil. adipocyte L. adeps = fat (of an animal) + G. kytos = a container; cells responsible for storage and metabolism of lipids, found in white fat and brown fat. -
98796-Anatomy of the Orbit
Anatomy of the orbit Prof. Pia C Sundgren MD, PhD Department of Diagnostic Radiology, Clinical Sciences, Lund University, Sweden Lund University / Faculty of Medicine / Inst. Clinical Sciences / Radiology / ECNR Dubrovnik / Oct 2018 Lund University / Faculty of Medicine / Inst. Clinical Sciences / Radiology / ECNR Dubrovnik / Oct 2018 Lay-out • brief overview of the basic anatomy of the orbit and its structures • the orbit is a complicated structure due to its embryological composition • high number of entities, and diseases due to its composition of ectoderm, surface ectoderm and mesoderm Recommend you to read for more details Lund University / Faculty of Medicine / Inst. Clinical Sciences / Radiology / ECNR Dubrovnik / Oct 2018 Lund University / Faculty of Medicine / Inst. Clinical Sciences / Radiology / ECNR Dubrovnik / Oct 2018 3 x 3 Imaging technique 3 layers: - neuroectoderm (retina, iris, optic nerve) - surface ectoderm (lens) • CT and / or MR - mesoderm (vascular structures, sclera, choroid) •IOM plane 3 spaces: - pre-septal •thin slices extraconal - post-septal • axial and coronal projections intraconal • CT: soft tissue and bone windows 3 motor nerves: - occulomotor (III) • MR: T1 pre and post, T2, STIR, fat suppression, DWI (?) - trochlear (IV) - abducens (VI) Lund University / Faculty of Medicine / Inst. Clinical Sciences / Radiology / ECNR Dubrovnik / Oct 2018 Lund University / Faculty of Medicine / Inst. Clinical Sciences / Radiology / ECNR Dubrovnik / Oct 2018 Superior orbital fissure • cranial nerves (CN) III, IV, and VI • lacrimal nerve • frontal nerve • nasociliary nerve • orbital branch of middle meningeal artery • recurrent branch of lacrimal artery • superior orbital vein • superior ophthalmic vein Lund University / Faculty of Medicine / Inst. Clinical Sciences / Radiology / ECNR Dubrovnik / Oct 2018 Lund University / Faculty of Medicine / Inst. -
Functional Structure of the Skull and Fractures of the Skull Thickened and Thinner Parts of the Skull
Functional structure of the skull and Fractures of the skull Thickened and thinner parts of the skull = important base for understanding of the functional structure of the skull → - the transmission of masticatory forces - fracture predilection Thickned parts: . sagittal line . ventral lateral line . dorsal lateral line Thinner parts: . articular fossa . cribriform plate . foramines, canals and fissures . anterior, medial and posterior cranial fossa Thickned parts: . tuber parietalis . mastoid process . protuberantia occipitalis ext. et int. linea temporalis . margin of sulcus sinus: - sagitalis sup. - transversus Functional structure of the skull Facial buttresses system . Of thin segments of bone encased and supported by a more rigid framework of "buttresses" . The midface is anchored to the cranium through this framework . Is formed by strong frontal, maxillary, zygomatic and sphenoid bones and their attachments to one another Tuber maxillae Vertical buttress Sinus maxillae Orbita . nasomaxillary Nasal cavity . zygomaticomaxillary . pterygomaxillary Horizontal buttress . glabella . orbital rims . zygomatic processes . maxillary palate . The buttress system absorbs and transmits forces applied to the facial skeleton . Masticatory forces are transmitted to the skull base primarily through the vertical buttresses, which are joined and additionally supported by the horizontal buttresses . When external forces are applied, these components prevent disruption of the facial skeleton until a critical level is reached and then fractures occur Stress that occurs from mastication or trauma is transferred from the inferior of the mandible via various trajectory lines → to the condyles glenoid fossa → temporal bone The main alveolar stress concentration were located interradicularly and interproximally Fractures of the skull I. Neurocranial fractures II. Craniofacial fractures I. Neurocranial fracture . A break in the skull bone are generally occurs as a result of a direct impact . -
CT of Perineural Tumor Extension: Pterygopalatine Fossa
731 CT of Perineural Tumor Extension: Pterygopalatine Fossa Hugh D. Curtin1.2 Tumors of the oral cavity and paranasal sinuses can spread along nerves to areas Richard Williams 1 apparently removed from the primary tumor. In tumors of the palate, sinuses, and face, Jonas Johnson3 this "perineural" spread usually involves the maxillary division of the trigeminal nerve. The pterygopalatine fossa is a pathway of the maxillary nerve and becomes a key landmark in the detection of neural metastasis by computed tomogaphy (CT). Oblitera tion of the fat in the fossa suggests pathology. Case material illustrating neural extension is presented and the CT findings are described. Perineural extension is possibly the most insidious form of tumor spread of head and neck malignancy. After invading a nerve, tumor follows the sheath to reach the deeper connections of the nerve, escaping the area of a planned resection. Thus, detection of this form of extension is important in treatment planning and estimation of prognosis. The pterygopalatine fossa (PPF) is a key crossroad in extension along cranial nerve V. The second branch of the trigeminal nerve passes from the gasserian ganglion through the foramen rotundum into the PPF. Here the nerve branches send communications to the palate, sinus, nasal cavity, and face. Tumor can follow any of these routes proximally into the PPF and eventually to the gasserian ganglion in the middle cranial fossa. The PPF contains enough fat to be an ideal subject for computed tomographic (CT) evaluation. Obliteration of this fat is an important indicator of pathology, including perineural tumor spread. Other signs of perineural extension include enlargement of foramina, increased enhancement in the region of Meckel cave (gasserian ganglion), and atrophy of the muscles innervated by the trigeminal nerve.