NAVIGATING CHANGE ASEAN-Japan Strategic Partnership in East Asia and in Global Governance
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NAVIGATING CHANGE ASEAN-Japan Strategic Partnership in East Asia and in Global Governance Edited by Rizal Sukma and Yoshihide Soeya Centre for Strategic and Japan Center for International Studies, Jakarta International Exchange Japan-ASEAN Integration Fund Copyright © 2015 Japan Center for International Exchange All rights reserved. Copyediting by Kimberly Gould Ashizawa, Susan Hubbard, Serina Bellamy, and Kaede Kawauchi. Cover design and typesetting by Patrick Ishiyama. Printed in Japan. ISBN 978-4-88907-144-3 Japan Center for International Exchange (JCIE/Japan) 4-9-17 Minami Azabu, Minato-ku Tokyo 106-0047 Japan www.jcie.or.jp Japan Center for International Exchange (JCIE/USA) 135 West 29th Street, Suite 303 New York, NY 10001 USA www.jcie.org Table of Contents Preface .................................................................................................................................5 Abbreviations .................................................................................................................... 9 Introduction and Policy Recommendations 1. Navigating Change: ASEAN-Japan Strategic Partnership in East Asia and in Global Governance ..................................................................... 13 Rizal Sukma and Yoshihide Soeya ASEAN-Japan Cooperation in East Asia 2. ASEAN-Japan Cooperation in East Asia: An Overview .....................................33 Mely Caballero-Anthony and Chikako Kawakatsu Ueki 3. Responding to Future Strategic Shifts in East Asia ..............................................50 Kavi Chongkittavorn 4. Japan and Multilateralism in Asia ........................................................................... 62 See Seng Tan 5. Japan-ASEAN Partnership in an Era of Multiple Regional Integration Frameworks ...........................................................................................85 Takashi Terada 6. Enhancing East Asian Connectivity: What Can ASEAN and Japan Do? .......................................................................................................... 101 Duong Anh Nguyen and Thanh Tri Vo 7. Strengthening Maritime Cooperation in East Asia .............................................116 PDP Osman Patra 8. Disaster Relief and Risk Reduction in East Asia: The Role of Japan-ASEAN Cooperation- .................................................................................133 Ryo Sahashi 9. Strategic Governance of Cyber Security: Implications for East Asia ............. 152 Elina Noor 10. Participatory Regionalism: Strengthening People-to-People Cooperation for an East Asia Community .........................................................166 Meidyatama Suryodiningrat 3 ASEAN-Japan Contributions to Global Governance 11. ASEAN-Japan Contributions to Global Governance: An Overview .............................................................................................................181 Djisman Simandjuntak and Toshiya Hoshino 12. Rules-Based and International Law Approaches: Prospects and Challenges for ASEAN-Japan Cooperation ......................................................204 Simon S.C. Tay 13. ASEAN-Japan Economic Relations in Global Trade Governance ................ 215 Yose Rizal Damuri 14. ASEAN-Japan Strategic Partnership on Global Issues: Global Financial Architecture ...............................................................................233 Steven C. M. Wong and Kamal Zharif Jauhari 15. Global Governance and the Reduction of Poverty and Inequality in the Post-MDG Era: How Can the ASEAN-Japan Partnership Contribute? ....246 Fernando T. Aldaba and Rafaelita M. Aldaba 16. ASEAN-Japan Cooperation to Enhance Food and Water Security ..............265 Tran Viet Thai 17. Japan-ASEAN Challenges for Nuclear Nonproliferation and Nuclear Security ..................................................................................................... 276 Mie Oba 18. Contextualizing Global Governance of Counterterrorism: ASEAN-Japan Cooperation in Southeast Asia..................................................295 Jun Honna About the Contributors ...............................................................................................305 About the Project Team .............................................................................................. 307 About the Organizers ................................................................................................. 308 4 Preface In December 2013, the heads of state and government of the ASEAN member states and Japan gathered in Tokyo at the ASEAN-Japan Commemorative Summit to mark the 40th anniversary of ASEAN-Japan relations. This was the second summit, following the historic meeting held in Tokyo in December 2003 at which the Tokyo Declaration for the Dynamic and Enduring Japan-ASEAN Partnership in the New Millennium and the Japan-ASEAN Plan of Action were adopted. Specifically, the 2003 summit emphasized Japanese support for reinforcing ASEAN integration, enhancing the economic competitiveness of ASEAN member countries, and addressing transnational issues. Building on the achievements of the previous decade, the 2013 commemo- rative summit broadened the scope of ASEAN-Japan partnership by calling for bilateral cooperation for peace and stability, prosperity, quality of life, and “heart-to-heart” understanding, in the Vision Statement on ASEAN- Japan Friendship and Cooperation: Shared Vision, Shared Identity, Shared Future. The 2013 summit also produced a joint statement titled Hand in Hand, Facing Regional and Global Challenges. In the midst of these significant government-level developments, a multi- national study group comprising a group of scholars from ASEAN member states and Japan was established in September 2012 with the support of the Japan-ASEAN Integration Fund (JAIF). This group has engaged in two phases of extensive and comprehensive research. The first phase of study, which lasted from September 2012 to November 2013, focused on how ASEAN-Japan strategic partnership could strengthen the process of building the ASEAN Community. The outcome, including policy recommenda- tions, was reported in Beyond 2015: ASEAN-Japan Strategic Partnership for Democracy, Peace, and Prosperity in Southeast Asia, which was presented to the respective governments of ASEAN and Japan in time for the 2013 ASEAN-Japan Commemorative Summit. Aptly enough, the second phase of our study, which started in June 2013, has dealt with ASEAN-Japan strategic partnership in East Asia and in global governance, the importance of which the 2013 ASEAN-Japan 5 6 | NAVIGATING CHANGE Commemorative Summit highlighted explicitly. This volume looks into these themes both conceptually and in practical terms, with a view to contributing to the advancement of ASEAN-Japan cooperation beyond Southeast Asia. The importance of these Track 2 efforts was initially raised during informal consultations held in Jakarta and Tokyo in 2010 among Tadashi Yamamoto (the late president of the Japan Center for International Exchange [JCIE]), Hitoshi Tanaka (chairman of the Institute for International Strategy, Japan Research Institute, and senior fellow, JCIE), Surin Pitsuwan (then secretary- general of ASEAN), Jusuf Wanandi (co-founder and vice chairman of the Centre for Strategic and International Studies [CSIS], Indonesia), Takio Yamada (then Japan’s ambassador to ASEAN), and ourselves. As a result, in mid-2012, with support from the Indonesian government and the JAIF, CSIS and JCIE launched this two-phase study project. The second phase of the study examined the ways in which ASEAN-Japan cooperation can contribute to the creation of an East Asian order that is peaceful, prosperous, and governed by the rule of law, and to addressing global issues for better global governance. A preparatory meeting was held in Bali, Indonesia, in June 2013; a research meeting to discuss 17 research papers was organized in Jakarta in February 2014; and, in June 2014, the final meeting of the co-chairs was held in Tokyo, along with a roundtable with the Japanese policy community. A short report making policy recom- mendations was released in time for the 2014 ASEAN-Japan Summit, and this volume compiles the more detailed papers that were developed to complete this second and final phase. We would like to take this opportunity to express our sincere gratitude to the project supervisors, Jusuf Wanandi and Hitoshi Tanaka, for their insight and guidance in this process; to the co-chairs, Mely Caballero- Anthony (head of the Centre for Non-Traditional Security Studies at Nanyang Technological University’s S. Rajaratnam School of International Studies), Chikako Kawakatsu Ueki (professor, Waseda University), Djisman Simandjuntak (professor, Prasetiya Mulya Business School), and Toshiya Hoshino (professor, Osaka University), for their dedication to and leadership of the study groups; to the project managers, Clara Joewono (vice chair, CSIS, Indonesia) and Hideko Katsumata (executive director and COO, JCIE), for their thoughtful input and for shepherding this project to completion so effectively; and to the invaluable contributions of the study group members. Thanks also to the members of CSIS and JCIE who have worked tirelessly to bring this project to fruition, includ- ing Lina Alexandra, Iis Gindarsah, Tomoko Suzuki, Kana Yoshioka, Kim Gould Ashizawa, Susan Hubbard, Patrick Ishiyama, Kaede Kawauchi, and Preface | 7 Serina Bellamy. We are also deeply grateful to the JAIF for its support of this project. On behalf of all those