Producing a Foam, Teacher Handout

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Producing a foam Topic Suspension (gas in liquid). Timing 20 min. Description Two solutions are mixed and a chemical foam is produced. Apparatus and equipment (per group) - Two 250 cm3 beakers - Pestle - Mortar. Chemicals (per group) - Laundry detergent – eg Persil non-biological (Care – may be irritant – check the packaging or safety data sheet – but use caution, many of these documents are out of date) - Hydrated aluminium sulfate (Causes serious eye damage) - Sodium hydrogen carbonate. Teaching tips It is sometimes difficult to dissolve these reagents, but the reaction still works. The foam is produced by the action of carbon dioxide gas on a detergent solution. Hydrogen carbonate ions from the detergent react with hydroxonium ions from the aluminium sulfate and water to produce carbon dioxide. – + HCO3 (aq) + H3O (aq) → 2H2O(l) + CO2(g) + Teachers need to tell students that aluminium sulfate in water produces H3O ions. This is similar to the baking process; baking powder contains sodium hydrogen carbonate and tartaric acid. Background theory This chemical foam contains carbon dioxide (CO2), while mechanical foams often contain air. This foam is a colloidal system with a gas dispersed in a liquid. This is a suspension of gas in the liquid. Other common foams include whipped cream and shaving cream. © Royal Society of Chemistry, registered charity number 207890. Safety Wear goggles to eye protection standard BS EN 166 3 Answers – + 1. HCO3 (aq) + H3O (aq) → 2H2O(l) + CO2(g) 2. Baking powder contains sodium hydrogen carbonate and tartaric acid. 3. Whipped cream and shaving cream. Credits © Royal Society of Chemistry Health & safety checked January 2018 Page last updated March 2018 © Royal Society of Chemistry, registered charity number 207890. .

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