The Subsection Compactae of Russula1
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Plectological and Molecular Identification Of
Bangladesh J. Plant Taxon. 27(1): 67‒77, 2020 (June) © 2020 Bangladesh Association of Plant Taxonomists PLECTOLOGICAL AND MOLECULAR IDENTIFICATION OF ECONOMICALLY IMPORTANT WILD RUSSULALES MUSHROOMS FROM PAKISTAN AND THEIR ANTIFUNGAL POTENTIAL AGAINST FOOD PATHOGENIC FUNGUS ASPERGILLUS NIGER 1 SAMINA SARWAR*, TANZEELA AZIZ, MUHAMMAD HANIF , SOBIA ILYAS, 2 3 MALKA SABA , SANA KHALID AND MUHAMMAD FIAZ Department of Botany, Lahore College for Women University, Lahore, Pakistan Keywords: Aseptate; Biocontrol; Macrofungi; Micromycetes; Mycochemicals. Abstract Present study deals with the plectological and molecular analysis as well as use of economically important wild Russuloid mushrooms against food pathogenic fungus Aspergillus niger. Three different species of mushrooms viz., Russla laeta, R. nobilis, and R. nigricans were collected and identified from Himalayan range of Pakistan and are found as new records for this country. Major objective of this study was to highlight the importance of these wild creatures as antifungal agents against A. niger. For this purpose methanolic extract of selected mushrooms of different concentration levels viz., 1, 1.5, 2 and 3% were used. This activity is also first time reported from Pakistan by using this group of mushrooms. Results showed that all tested mushrooms exhibit growth inhibition of A. niger and can be used as biocontrol agents. R. nigricans showed maximum inhibition of fungus growth that is 62% at 3% concentrations while minimum inhibition was observed in R. nobilis at same concentration that is 43.6%. Introduction Many people in Pakistan depend on agriculture but various crops are contaminated by phytopathogenic fungi (i.e., Aspergillus, Fusarium, Penicillium) during pre and post-harvesting processes. -
Antioxidant Extracts of Three Russula Genus Species Express Diverse Biological Activity
molecules Article Antioxidant Extracts of Three Russula Genus Species Express Diverse Biological Activity Marina Kosti´c 1 , Marija Ivanov 1 , Ângela Fernandes 2 , José Pinela 2 , Ricardo C. Calhelha 2 , Jasmina Glamoˇclija 1, Lillian Barros 2 , Isabel C. F. R. Ferreira 2 , Marina Sokovi´c 1,* and Ana Ciri´c´ 1,* 1 Department of Plant Physiology, Institute for Biological Research “Siniša Stankovi´c”-National Institute of Republic of Serbia, University of Belgrade, Bulevar Despota Stefana 142, 11000 Belgrade, Serbia; [email protected] (M.K.); [email protected] (M.I.); [email protected] (J.G.) 2 Centro de Investigação de Montanha (CIMO), Instituto Politécnico de Bragança, Campus de Santa Apolónia, 5300-253 Bragança, Portugal; [email protected] (Â.F.); [email protected] (J.P.); [email protected] (R.C.C.); [email protected] (L.B.); [email protected] (I.C.F.R.F.) * Correspondence: [email protected] (M.S.); [email protected] (A.C.);´ Fax: +381-11-207-84-33 (M.S. & A.C.)´ Academic Editor: Laura De Martino Received: 6 September 2020; Accepted: 20 September 2020; Published: 22 September 2020 Abstract: This study explored the biological properties of three wild growing Russula species (R. integra, R. rosea, R. nigricans) from Serbia. Compositional features and antioxidant, antibacterial, antibiofilm, and cytotoxic activities were analyzed. The studied mushroom species were identified as being rich sources of carbohydrates and of low caloric value. Mannitol was the most abundant free sugar and quinic and malic acids the major organic acids detected. The four tocopherol isoforms were found, and polyunsaturated fatty acids were the predominant fat constituents. -
Russulas of Southern Vancouver Island Coastal Forests
Russulas of Southern Vancouver Island Coastal Forests Volume 1 by Christine Roberts B.Sc. University of Lancaster, 1991 M.S. Oregon State University, 1994 A Dissertation Submitted in Partial Fulfillment of the Requirements for the Degree of DOCTOR OF PHILOSOPHY in the Department of Biology © Christine Roberts 2007 University of Victoria All rights reserved. This dissertation may not be reproduced in whole or in part, by photocopying or other means, without the permission of the author. Library and Bibliotheque et 1*1 Archives Canada Archives Canada Published Heritage Direction du Branch Patrimoine de I'edition 395 Wellington Street 395, rue Wellington Ottawa ON K1A0N4 Ottawa ON K1A0N4 Canada Canada Your file Votre reference ISBN: 978-0-494-47323-8 Our file Notre reference ISBN: 978-0-494-47323-8 NOTICE: AVIS: The author has granted a non L'auteur a accorde une licence non exclusive exclusive license allowing Library permettant a la Bibliotheque et Archives and Archives Canada to reproduce, Canada de reproduire, publier, archiver, publish, archive, preserve, conserve, sauvegarder, conserver, transmettre au public communicate to the public by par telecommunication ou par Plntemet, prefer, telecommunication or on the Internet, distribuer et vendre des theses partout dans loan, distribute and sell theses le monde, a des fins commerciales ou autres, worldwide, for commercial or non sur support microforme, papier, electronique commercial purposes, in microform, et/ou autres formats. paper, electronic and/or any other formats. The author retains copyright L'auteur conserve la propriete du droit d'auteur ownership and moral rights in et des droits moraux qui protege cette these. -
<I>Russula Atroaeruginea</I> and <I>R. Sichuanensis</I> Spp. Nov. from Southwest China
ISSN (print) 0093-4666 © 2013. Mycotaxon, Ltd. ISSN (online) 2154-8889 MYCOTAXON http://dx.doi.org/10.5248/124.173 Volume 124, pp. 173–188 April–June 2013 Russula atroaeruginea and R. sichuanensis spp. nov. from southwest China Guo-Jie Li1,2, Qi Zhao3, Dong Zhao1, Shuang-Fen Yue1,4, Sai-Fei Li1, Hua-An Wen1a* & Xing-Zhong Liu1b* 1State Key Laboratory of Mycology, Institute of Microbiology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, No. 1 Beichen West Road, Chaoyang District, Beijing 100101, China 2University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China 3Key Laboratory of Biodiversity and Biogeography, Kunming Institute of Botany, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Kunming 650204, Yunnan, China 4College of Life Science, Capital Normal University, Xisihuanbeilu 105, Haidian District, Beijing 100048, China * Correspondence to: a [email protected] b [email protected] Abstract — Two new species of Russula are described from southwestern China based on morphology and ITS1-5.8S-ITS2 rDNA sequence analysis. Russula atroaeruginea (sect. Griseinae) is characterized by a glabrous dark-green and radially yellowish tinged pileus, slightly yellowish context, spores ornamented by low warts linked by fine lines, and numerous pileocystidia with crystalline contents blackening in sulfovanillin. Russula sichuanensis, a semi-sequestrate taxon closely related to sect. Laricinae, forms russuloid to secotioid basidiocarps with yellowish to orange sublamellate gleba and large basidiospores with warts linked as ridges. The rDNA ITS-based phylogenetic trees fully support these new species. Key words — taxonomy, Macowanites, Russulales, Russulaceae, Basidiomycota Introduction Russula Pers. is a globally distributed genus of macrofungi with colorful fruit bodies (Bills et al. 1986, Singer 1986, Miller & Buyck 2002, Kirk et al. -
Toxic Fungi of Western North America
Toxic Fungi of Western North America by Thomas J. Duffy, MD Published by MykoWeb (www.mykoweb.com) March, 2008 (Web) August, 2008 (PDF) 2 Toxic Fungi of Western North America Copyright © 2008 by Thomas J. Duffy & Michael G. Wood Toxic Fungi of Western North America 3 Contents Introductory Material ........................................................................................... 7 Dedication ............................................................................................................... 7 Preface .................................................................................................................... 7 Acknowledgements ................................................................................................. 7 An Introduction to Mushrooms & Mushroom Poisoning .............................. 9 Introduction and collection of specimens .............................................................. 9 General overview of mushroom poisonings ......................................................... 10 Ecology and general anatomy of fungi ................................................................ 11 Description and habitat of Amanita phalloides and Amanita ocreata .............. 14 History of Amanita ocreata and Amanita phalloides in the West ..................... 18 The classical history of Amanita phalloides and related species ....................... 20 Mushroom poisoning case registry ...................................................................... 21 “Look-Alike” mushrooms ..................................................................................... -
Phd. Thesis Sana Jabeen.Pdf
ECTOMYCORRHIZAL FUNGAL COMMUNITIES ASSOCIATED WITH HIMALAYAN CEDAR FROM PAKISTAN A dissertation submitted to the University of the Punjab in partial fulfillment of the requirements for the degree of DOCTOR OF PHILOSOPHY in BOTANY by SANA JABEEN DEPARTMENT OF BOTANY UNIVERSITY OF THE PUNJAB LAHORE, PAKISTAN JUNE 2016 TABLE OF CONTENTS CONTENTS PAGE NO. Summary i Dedication iii Acknowledgements iv CHAPTER 1 Introduction 1 CHAPTER 2 Literature review 5 Aims and objectives 11 CHAPTER 3 Materials and methods 12 3.1. Sampling site description 12 3.2. Sampling strategy 14 3.3. Sampling of sporocarps 14 3.4. Sampling and preservation of fruit bodies 14 3.5. Morphological studies of fruit bodies 14 3.6. Sampling of morphotypes 15 3.7. Soil sampling and analysis 15 3.8. Cleaning, morphotyping and storage of ectomycorrhizae 15 3.9. Morphological studies of ectomycorrhizae 16 3.10. Molecular studies 16 3.10.1. DNA extraction 16 3.10.2. Polymerase chain reaction (PCR) 17 3.10.3. Sequence assembly and data mining 18 3.10.4. Multiple alignments and phylogenetic analysis 18 3.11. Climatic data collection 19 3.12. Statistical analysis 19 CHAPTER 4 Results 22 4.1. Characterization of above ground ectomycorrhizal fungi 22 4.2. Identification of ectomycorrhizal host 184 4.3. Characterization of non ectomycorrhizal fruit bodies 186 4.4. Characterization of saprobic fungi found from fruit bodies 188 4.5. Characterization of below ground ectomycorrhizal fungi 189 4.6. Characterization of below ground non ectomycorrhizal fungi 193 4.7. Identification of host taxa from ectomycorrhizal morphotypes 195 4.8. -
Biodiversity and Molecular Ecology of Russula and Lactarius in Alaska Based on Soil and Sporocarp DNA Sequences
Russulales-2010 Scripta Botanica Belgica 51: 132-145 (2013) Biodiversity and molecular ecology of Russula and Lactarius in Alaska based on soil and sporocarp DNA sequences József GEML1,2 & D. Lee TAYLOR1 1 Institute of Arctic Biology, 311 Irving I Building, 902 N. Koyukuk Drive, P.O. Box 757000, University of Alaska Fairbanks, Fairbanks, AK 99775-7000, U.S.A. 2 (corresponding author address) National Herbarium of the Netherlands, Netherlands Centre for Biodiversity Naturalis, Leiden University, Einsteinweg 2, P.O. Box 9514, 2300 RA Leiden, The Netherlands [email protected] Abstract. – Although critical for the functioning of ecosystems, fungi are poorly known in high- latitude regions. This paper summarizes the results of the first genetic diversity assessments of Russula and Lactarius, two of the most diverse and abundant fungal genera in Alaska. LSU rDNA sequences from both curated sporocarp collections and soil PCR clone libraries sampled in various types of boreal forests of Alaska were subjected to phylogenetic and statistical ecological analyses. Our diversity assessments suggest that the genus Russula and Lactarius are highly diverse in Alaska. Some of these taxa were identified to known species, while others either matched unidentified sequences in reference databases or belonged to novel, previously unsequenced groups. Taxa in both genera showed strong habitat preference to one of the two major forest types in the sampled regions (black spruce forests and birch-aspen-white spruce forests), as supported by statistical tests. Our results demonstrate high diversity and strong ecological partitioning in two important ectomycorrhizal genera within a relatively small geographic region, but with implications to the expansive boreal forests. -
Mycology Praha
f I VO LUM E 52 I / I [ 1— 1 DECEMBER 1999 M y c o l o g y l CZECH SCIENTIFIC SOCIETY FOR MYCOLOGY PRAHA J\AYCn nI .O §r%u v J -< M ^/\YC/-\ ISSN 0009-°476 n | .O r%o v J -< Vol. 52, No. 1, December 1999 CZECH MYCOLOGY ! formerly Česká mykologie published quarterly by the Czech Scientific Society for Mycology EDITORIAL BOARD Editor-in-Cliief ; ZDENĚK POUZAR (Praha) ; Managing editor JAROSLAV KLÁN (Praha) j VLADIMÍR ANTONÍN (Brno) JIŘÍ KUNERT (Olomouc) ! OLGA FASSATIOVÁ (Praha) LUDMILA MARVANOVÁ (Brno) | ROSTISLAV FELLNER (Praha) PETR PIKÁLEK (Praha) ; ALEŠ LEBEDA (Olomouc) MIRKO SVRČEK (Praha) i Czech Mycology is an international scientific journal publishing papers in all aspects of 1 mycology. Publication in the journal is open to members of the Czech Scientific Society i for Mycology and non-members. | Contributions to: Czech Mycology, National Museum, Department of Mycology, Václavské 1 nám. 68, 115 79 Praha 1, Czech Republic. Phone: 02/24497259 or 96151284 j SUBSCRIPTION. Annual subscription is Kč 350,- (including postage). The annual sub scription for abroad is US $86,- or DM 136,- (including postage). The annual member ship fee of the Czech Scientific Society for Mycology (Kč 270,- or US $60,- for foreigners) includes the journal without any other additional payment. For subscriptions, address changes, payment and further information please contact The Czech Scientific Society for ! Mycology, P.O.Box 106, 11121 Praha 1, Czech Republic. This journal is indexed or abstracted in: i Biological Abstracts, Abstracts of Mycology, Chemical Abstracts, Excerpta Medica, Bib liography of Systematic Mycology, Index of Fungi, Review of Plant Pathology, Veterinary Bulletin, CAB Abstracts, Rewicw of Medical and Veterinary Mycology. -
Svensk Mykologisk Tidskrift Volym 27 · Nummer 3 · 2006 Svensk Mykologisk Tidskrift Inkluderar Tidigare
Svensk Mykologisk Tidskrift Volym 27 · nummer 3 · 2006 Svensk Mykologisk Tidskrift inkluderar tidigare: www.svampar.se Svensk Mykologisk Tidskrift Sveriges Mykologiska Förening Tidskriften publicerar originalartiklar med svamp- Föreningen verkar för anknytning och med svenskt och nordeuropeiskt - en bättre kännedom om Sveriges svampar och intresse. Tidskriften utkommer med fyra nummer svampars roll i naturen per år och ägs av Sveriges Mykologiska Förening. - skydd av naturen och att svampplockning och Instruktioner till författare finns på SMF:s hemsi- annat uppträdande i skog och mark sker under da www.svampar.se. Svensk Mykologisk Tidskrift iakttagande av gällande lagar erhålls genom medlemskap i SMF. - att kontakter mellan lokala svampföreningar och svampintresserade i landet underlättas Redaktion - att kontakt upprätthålls med mykologiska före- Redaktör och ansvarig utgivare ningar i grannländer Mikael Jeppson - en samverkan med mykologisk forskning och Lilla Håjumsgatan 4, vetenskap. 461 35 TROLLHÄTTAN 0520-82910 Medlemskap erhålls genom insättning av med- [email protected] lemsavgiften 200:- (familjemedlem 30:-, vilket ej inkluderar Svensk Mykologisk Tidskrift) på postgi- Hjalmar Croneborg rokonto 443 92 02 - 5. Medlemsavgift inbetald Mattsarve Gammelgarn från utlandet är 250:-. 620 16 LJUGARN 018-672557 Subscriptions from abroad are welcome. [email protected] Payments (250 SEK) can be made to our bank account: Jan Nilsson Swedbank (Föreningssparbanken) Smultronvägen 4 Storgatan, S 293 00 Olofström, Sweden 457 31 TANUMSHEDE SWIFT: SWEDSESS 0525-20972 IBAN no. SE9280000848060140108838 [email protected] Äldre nummer av Svensk Mykologisk Tidskrift Sveriges Mykologiska Förening (inkl. JORDSTJÄRNAN) kan beställas från SMF:s Botaniska Institutionen hemsida www.svampar.se eller från föreningens Göteborgs Universitet kassör. Box 461 Previous issues of Svensk Mykologisk Tidskrift 405 30 Göteborg (incl. -
Species Delimitation and UNITE Species Hypothesis Testing in the Russula Albonigra Species Complex
From White to Black, from Darkness to Light: Species Delimitation and UNITE Species Hypothesis Testing in the Russula Albonigra Species Complex. Ruben De Lange ( [email protected] ) Ghent University https://orcid.org/0000-0001-5328-2791 Slavomír Adamčík Slovak Academy of Sciences Institute of Botany: Botanicky ustav Slovenskej akademie vied Katarína Adamčíkova Slovak Academy of Sciences: Slovenska akademia vied Pieter Asselman Ghent University: Universiteit Gent Jan Borovička Czech Academy of Sciences: Akademie ved Ceske republiky Lynn Delgat Ghent University: Universiteit Gent Felix Hampe Ghent University: Universiteit Gent Annemieke Verbeken Ghent University: Universiteit Gent Research Keywords: Basidiomycota, Ectomycorrhizal fungi, New species, Phylogeny, Russulaceae, Russulales, subg. Compactae, Integrative taxonomy, Typication Posted Date: December 8th, 2020 DOI: https://doi.org/10.21203/rs.3.rs-118250/v1 License: This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International License. Read Full License Version of Record: A version of this preprint was published at IMA Fungus on August 2nd, 2021. See the published version at https://doi.org/10.1186/s43008-021-00064-0. Page 1/64 Abstract Russula albonigra is considered a well-known species, morphologically delimited by the context of the basidiomata that is blackening without intermediate reddening, and the menthol-cooling taste of the lamellae. It is supposed to have a broad ecological amplitude and a large distribution area. A thorough molecular analysis based on four nuclear markers (ITS, LSU, RPB2 and TEF1-α) shows this traditional concept of R. albonigra s.l. represents a species complex consisting of at least ve European, three North-American and one Chinese species. -
Diversity of Mushrooms at Mu Ko Chang National Park, Trat Province
Proceedings of International Conference on Biodiversity: IBD2019 (2019); 21 - 32 Diversity of mushrooms at Mu Ko Chang National Park, Trat Province Baramee Sakolrak*, Panrada Jangsantear, Winanda Himaman, Tiplada Tongtapao, Chanjira Ayawong and Kittima Duengkae Forest and Plant Conservation Research Office, Department of National Parks, Wildlife and Plant Conservation, Chatuchak District, Bangkok, Thailand *Corresponding author e-mail: [email protected] Abstract: Diversity of mushrooms at Mu Ko Chang National Park was carried out by surveying the mushrooms along natural trails inside the national park. During December 2017 to August 2018, a total of 246 samples were classified to 2 phyla Fungi; Ascomycota and Basidiomycota. These mushrooms were revealed into 203 species based on their morphological characteristic. They were classified into species level (78 species), generic level (103 species) and unidentified (22 species). All of them were divided into 4 groups according to their ecological roles in the forest ecosystem, namely, saprophytic mushrooms 138 species (67.98%), ectomycorrhizal mushrooms 51 species (25.12%), plant parasitic mushrooms 6 species (2.96%) termite mushroom 1 species (0.49%). Six species (2.96%) were unknown ecological roles and 1 species as Boletellus emodensis (Berk.) Singer are both of the ectomycorrhizal and plant parasitic mushroom. The edibility of these mushrooms were edible (29 species), inedible (8 species) and unknown edibility (166 species). Eleven medicinal mushroom species were recorded in this study. The most interesting result is Spongiforma thailandica Desjardin, et al. has been found, the first report found after the first discovery in 2009 at Khao Yai National Park by E. Horak, et al. Keywords: Species list, ecological roles, edibility, protected area, Spongiforma thailandica Introduction Mushroom is a group of fungi which has the reproductive part known as the fruit body or fruiting body and develops to form and distribute the spores. -
Suomen Helttasienten Ja Tattien Ekologia, Levinneisyys Ja Uhanalaisuus
Suomen ympäristö 769 LUONTO JA LUONNONVARAT Pertti Salo, Tuomo Niemelä, Ulla Nummela-Salo ja Esteri Ohenoja (toim.) Suomen helttasienten ja tattien ekologia, levinneisyys ja uhanalaisuus .......................... SUOMEN YMPÄRISTÖKESKUS Suomen ympäristö 769 Pertti Salo, Tuomo Niemelä, Ulla Nummela-Salo ja Esteri Ohenoja (toim.) Suomen helttasienten ja tattien ekologia, levinneisyys ja uhanalaisuus SUOMEN YMPÄRISTÖKESKUS Viittausohje Viitatessa tämän raportin lukuihin, käytetään lukujen otsikoita ja lukujen kirjoittajien nimiä: Esim. luku 5.2: Kytövuori, I., Nummela-Salo, U., Ohenoja, E., Salo, P. & Vauras, J. 2005: Helttasienten ja tattien levinneisyystaulukko. Julk.: Salo, P., Niemelä, T., Nummela-Salo, U. & Ohenoja, E. (toim.). Suomen helttasienten ja tattien ekologia, levin- neisyys ja uhanalaisuus. Suomen ympäristökeskus, Helsinki. Suomen ympäristö 769. Ss. 109-224. Recommended citation E.g. chapter 5.2: Kytövuori, I., Nummela-Salo, U., Ohenoja, E., Salo, P. & Vauras, J. 2005: Helttasienten ja tattien levinneisyystaulukko. Distribution table of agarics and boletes in Finland. Publ.: Salo, P., Niemelä, T., Nummela- Salo, U. & Ohenoja, E. (eds.). Suomen helttasienten ja tattien ekologia, levinneisyys ja uhanalaisuus. Suomen ympäristökeskus, Helsinki. Suomen ympäristö 769. Pp. 109-224. Julkaisu on saatavana myös Internetistä: www.ymparisto.fi/julkaisut ISBN 952-11-1996-9 (nid.) ISBN 952-11-1997-7 (PDF) ISSN 1238-7312 Kannen kuvat / Cover pictures Vasen ylä / Top left: Paljakkaa. Utsjoki. Treeless alpine tundra zone. Utsjoki. Kuva / Photo: Esteri Ohenoja Vasen ala / Down left: Jalopuulehtoa. Parainen, Lenholm. Quercus robur forest. Parainen, Lenholm. Kuva / Photo: Tuomo Niemelä Oikea ylä / Top right: Lehtolohisieni (Laccaria amethystina). Amethyst Deceiver (Laccaria amethystina). Kuva / Photo: Pertti Salo Oikea ala / Down right: Vanhaa metsää. Sodankylä, Luosto. Old virgin forest. Sodankylä, Luosto. Kuva / Photo: Tuomo Niemelä Takakansi / Back cover: Ukonsieni (Macrolepiota procera).