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A Checklist of Agaricoid Russulaceous Mushrooms from Jammu and Kashmir, India

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A Checklist of Agaricoid Russulaceous Mushrooms from Jammu and Kashmir, India 42 KAVAKA53: 42-47 (2019) Adoi:10.36460/Kavaka/53/2019/42-47 Achecklist of agaricoid russulaceous mushrooms from Jammu and Kashmir, India Komal Verma*, S.A.J. Hashmi*, N.S.Atri** andYash Pal Sharma* *Department of Botany, University of Jammu, Jammu -180006 **Department of Botany, Punjabi University, Patiala-147002 Corresponding author’sEmail: [email protected] (Submitted onAugust 13, 2019 ;Accepted on November 15, 2019) ABSTRACT AliteraturebasedchecklistofthefamilyRussulaceae occurringinJammuandKashmir(J&K),Indiaispresented.Itconsistsof51 species of russulaceousmushroomsbelongingtothreegeneraviz.,Russula , Lactarius and Lactifluus .Genus Russula isthemostspecioserich(35spp.), followedbyLactarius (12spp.)and Lactifluus (4spp.).ThischecklistprovidesacomprehensivedataoftherussulaceousmushroomsfromJ&K. KEYWORDS: Ectomycorrhizal,Inventory,Jammu,KashmirValley,Russulaceae . INTRODUCTION Himalayan region. After a long gap, Watling and Gregory (1980) started the work on russulaceous mushrooms which Fungal familyRussulaceae, one of the 12 families recognized was further carried out by Abrahamet al . (1980, 1981, 1984), under the orderRussulales, is well known for its Abraham and Kaul (1985) and Watling and Abraham (1992). ectomycorrhizal association with higher plants (Kirk et al., Majority of the work on russulaceous mushrooms of Jammu 2008). Being ectomycorrhizal, these mushrooms play a and Kashmir was done by Saini, Atri and coworkers (Saini critical ecological role in terrestrial ecosystems through and Atri, 1982, 1984, 1989, 1990, 1993; Sainiet al ., 1982, symbiotic association with higher plants. Initially, macro- 1988, 1989; Atri and Saini 1986, 1988; Atriet al ., 1993, fungal species belonging to this family were placed with other 1994). A significant contribution to these mushrooms from gilled species in the orderAgaricales . Subsequent Kashmir was made by Beiget al . (2008, 2011), Dar et al . microscopic, molecular and phylogenetic studies confirmed (2009), Palaet al . (2012) and Itoo et al . (2013).Avast number that these mushrooms form a distinct lineage and are now of studies have been conducted from Jammu province on placed under a different orderRussulales . Members of this different aspects but the familyRussulaceae in particular family can be differentiated from all other gilled mushrooms have not been sufficiently dealt with except for a few reports by the anatomy of the cap and stipe tissue that is interspersed by Kumar and Sharma (2011, 2012). Recently, Kauret al . with a large number of spherical cells called sphaerocysts, (2014) and Kaur and Rather (2016) reported few Russula which impart typical brittle consistency to these mushrooms species from J&K. The present paper provides (Arora, 1986). Furthermore, they are characterized by fleshy comprehensive details of diversity of the family Russulaceae and often bright coloured fruiting bodies with prominent from theJammu and Kashmir. broad lamellae, absence of clamp connections and warted, light-coloured, amyloid spores that exhibit diverse types of Jammu and Kashmir is predominantly a Himalayan exosporial ornamentation. landscape in the northwestern part of India. It has two geographically distinct regionsviz ., Jammu Province and The family exhibits global distribution and is represented by Kashmir Province, each showing its unique geographical, more than 1900 species (Kirk, 2014). Amongst all the genera climatic, demographic, biological and cultural of familyRussulaceae , Russula is the largest genus (ca.1100 characteristics. While Jammu is rich in subtropical flora, spp.), followed byLactarius (ca. 550 spp.) Lactifluus (ca. 120 Kashmir Province is predominated by the temperate spp.),Boidinia (13spp.), Multifurca (6spp.), vegetation and alpine desert or dry cold desert flora, Gloeopeniophorella(6 spp.) and Pseudoxenasma (1 species) respectively. The major conifers includePinus roxburghii , (Lebelet et al ., 2013; Kirk, 2014). Till 2016, 158 taxa of Cedrus deodara,,, Abies pindrow A. spectabilis Taxus Russula, 83 taxa of Lactarius , 29 taxa of Lactifluus , 1 species walichianaand Picea smithiana while the broad-leaved each ofMultifurca and Gloeopeniophorella and 2 species of evergreen forests are predominantly represented by Buxus Boidiniahave been reported from India (Sharma etal ., 2018). wallichiana, Ilex dipyrena, Quercus semicapifolia, etc. and The agaricoid genera (Russula , Lactarius , and Lactifluus ) deciduous forests byAesculus indica , Populus alba , Acer constitute 95% of the familyRussulaceae . Members of caesium, Viburnum spp ., Salix spp., Alnus spp., etc. This Russula are characterised by bright coloured, brittle diverse vegetation provides host to the members of the family sporocarps while those ofLactarius and Lactifluus have latex Russulaceae as these are well known to form ectomycorrhizal exuding feature. These genera are cosmopolitan in associations with these plants. distribution and are one of the main ectomycorrhizal METHODS symbionts in diverse vegetation types ranging from the rainforests to the boreal coniferous forests. This checklist is based on the information gathered from published sources and the information retrieved from the Pioneering work on the russulaceous mushrooms from literature including distribution, general habitat and edibility Jammu and Kashmir was done by Berkeley (1854, 1876) who status of each taxon. Nomenclature used for each species was documented 8Russula and 5 Lactarius species from the Komal Verma, S.A.J. Hashmi, N.S. Atri and Yash Pal Sharma 43 checked against the classification system provided on the 1.7 Lactarius scrobiculatus (Scop.) Fr. Index Fungorum web site (http://www.indexfungorum.org/ Habit and habitat: Humicolous, solitary to gregarious, names/names.asp) and MycoBank (www.mycobank.org). putatively ectomycorrhizal in coniferous forests. Names of some species reported in the cited publications have Locality:Yusmarg and Gulmarg (J&K). been replaced by currently accepted name. The checklist is Edibility: unknown, but have medicinal value. prepared by compiling all the available data and is organized Jammu and Kashmir (Watling and Gregory, 1980; Abraham alphabetically. et al., 1980; Saini and Atri, 1984; Atri et al ., 1994; Farooq et al., 2017). CHECKLIST I.Genus Lactarius Pers. 1.8Lactarius scrobiculatus var. canadensis (A.H.Sm.) Hesler andA.H.Sm. 1.1 Lactarius angustifolius Hesler andA.H. Sm. Habit and habitat: Humicolous, solitary to gregarious, Habit and habitat: Humicolous, solitary, putatively putatively ectomycorrhizal with conifers. ectomycorrhizal, with coniferous forest dominated by Cedrus Locality:Tangmarg and Gulmarg (J&K). deodara. Edibility: unknown. Locality: Gulmarg (J&K). Jammu and Kashmir, (Atri and Saini, 1986, 1988; Atriet al ., Edibility: not edible. 1994). Jammu and Kashmir (Atri and Saini, 1986; Saini and Atri, 1993;Atriet al ., 1994). 1.9 Lactarius subpurpureus Peck Habit and habitat: Humicolous, scattered to gregarious, 1.2 Lactarius deterrimus Gröger. putatively ectomycorrhizal withViburnum species. Habit and habitat: Humicolous, solitary, putatively Locality: Gulmarg (J&K). ectomycorrhizal with coniferous trees of Pinus wallichiana Edibility: edible, medicinally important. andCedrus deodara . Jammu and Kashmir (Watling and Gregory, 1980; Saini and Locality: Bhadarwah, Gulmarg andTangmarg (J&K). Atri, 1990). Ediblity: not edible in the locality but reported edible in some parts of theworld. 1.10Lactarius subisabellinus var. murrillianus (A.H.Sm. Jammu and Kashmir (Abrahamet al ., 1980; Kumar, 2009). and Hesler) Hesler andA.H.Sm. Habit and habitat: Humicolous, gregarious, putatively 1.3 Lactarius fuliginosus (Krapf) Fr. ectomycorrhizal, usually mixed with broad leaf forests. Habit and habitat: Humicolous, scattered, putatively Locality: Sonamarg (J&K). ectomycorrhizal, association withViburnum species. Edibility: not edible. Locality: Gulmarg (J&K). Jammu and Kashmir (Atri and Saini, 1986;Atriet al ., 1994). Edibility: not edible. Jammu and Kashmir (Abraham and Kaul, 1985). 1.11 Lactarius uvidus (Fr.) Fr. Habit and habitat: Humicolous, scattered, putatively 1.4 Lactarius hepaticus Plowr. ectomycorrhizal, underSalix . Habit and habitat: Humicolous, solitary to gregarious, Locality: Dachigam (J&K). scattered, putatively ectomycorrhizal in coniferous forests of Edibility: not edible. Cedrus, Pinusand Taxus . Jammu and Kashmir (Watling and Gregory, 1980; Abraham Locality: Doodhpatheri(J&K). et al., 1981). Edibility: not edible. Jammu and Kashmir (Pala andWani, 2014). 1.12 Lactarius vellereus (Fr.) Fr. Habit and habitat: Humicolous, solitary, putatively 1.5 Lactarius pubescens Fr. ectomycorrhizal with coniferous forests of Pinus wallichiana Habit and habitat: Humicolous, scattered or gregarious, andCedrus deodara . putatively ectomycorrhizal in mixed forests underBetula . Locality: Bhaderwah, Kalinag forest area (J&K). Locality: Rajouri (J&K). Edibility: not edible. Edibility: not edible, considered poisonous. Jammu and Kashmir (Kumar and Sharma, 2011). Jammu and Kashmir (Atri and Saini, 1986; Atriet al ., 1994; Anandet al ., 2014). 2. Genus Lactifluus (Pers.) Roussel. 1.6 Lactarius spinosulus Quél. 2.1 Lactifluus controversus (Pers.) Kuntze Habit and habitat: Humicolous, scattered, gregarious, Habit and habitat: Humicolous, solitary to gregarious, putatively ectomycorrhizal in the forests of Pinus roxburghii putatively ectomycorrhizal withSalix alba . andP.wallichiana . Locality: Gulmarg and Tangmarg (J&K). Locality: Poonch, Gulmarg and Pahalgam (J&K). Edibility: edible.
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