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Home , Chadoora, Chenani, Gulmarg, Lactarius, Lactarius controversus, Lactarius deterrimus

42 KAVAKA53: 42-47 (2019) Adoi:10.36460/Kavaka/53/2019/42-47 Achecklist of agaricoid russulaceous from and , Komal Verma*, S.A.J. Hashmi*, N.S.Atri** andYash Pal Sharma* *Department of Botany, , Jammu -180006 **Department of Botany, Punjabi University, Patiala-147002 Corresponding author’sEmail: [email protected] (Submitted onAugust 13, 2019 ;Accepted on November 15, 2019) ABSTRACT AliteraturebasedchecklistofthefamilyRussulaceae occurringinJammuandKashmir(J&K),Indiaispresented.Itconsistsof51 of russulaceousmushroomsbelongingtothreegeneraviz., , and . Russula isthemostspecioserich(35spp.), followedbyLactarius (12spp.)and Lactifluus (4spp.).ThischecklistprovidesacomprehensivedataoftherussulaceousmushroomsfromJ&K. KEYWORDS: Ectomycorrhizal,Inventory,Jammu,KashmirValley, .

INTRODUCTION Himalayan region. After a long gap, Watling and Gregory (1980) started the work on russulaceous mushrooms which Fungal familyRussulaceae, one of the 12 families recognized was further carried out by Abrahamet al . (1980, 1981, 1984), under the orderRussulales, is well known for its Abraham and Kaul (1985) and Watling and Abraham (1992). ectomycorrhizal association with higher plants (Kirk et al., Majority of the work on russulaceous mushrooms of Jammu 2008). Being ectomycorrhizal, these mushrooms play a and Kashmir was done by Saini, Atri and coworkers (Saini critical ecological role in terrestrial ecosystems through and Atri, 1982, 1984, 1989, 1990, 1993; Sainiet al ., 1982, symbiotic association with higher plants. Initially, macro- 1988, 1989; Atri and Saini 1986, 1988; Atriet al ., 1993, fungal species belonging to this family were placed with other 1994). A significant contribution to these mushrooms from gilled species in the orderAgaricales . Subsequent Kashmir was made by Beiget al . (2008, 2011), Dar et al . microscopic, molecular and phylogenetic studies confirmed (2009), Palaet al . (2012) and Itoo et al . (2013).Avast number that these mushrooms form a distinct and are now of studies have been conducted from Jammu province on placed under a different orderRussulales . Members of this different aspects but the familyRussulaceae in particular family can be differentiated from all other gilled mushrooms have not been sufficiently dealt with except for a few reports by the anatomy of the cap and tissue that is interspersed by Kumar and Sharma (2011, 2012). Recently, Kauret al . with a large number of spherical cells called sphaerocysts, (2014) and Kaur and Rather (2016) reported few Russula which impart typical brittle consistency to these mushrooms species from J&K. The present paper provides (Arora, 1986). Furthermore, they are characterized by fleshy comprehensive details of diversity of the family Russulaceae and often bright coloured fruiting bodies with prominent from theJammu and Kashmir. broad lamellae, absence of clamp connections and warted, light-coloured, amyloid that exhibit diverse types of Jammu and Kashmir is predominantly a Himalayan exosporial ornamentation. landscape in the northwestern part of India. It has two geographically distinct regionsviz ., Jammu Province and The family exhibits global distribution and is represented by Kashmir Province, each showing its unique geographical, more than 1900 species (Kirk, 2014). Amongst all the genera climatic, demographic, biological and cultural of familyRussulaceae , Russula is the largest genus (ca.1100 characteristics. While Jammu is rich in subtropical flora, spp.), followed byLactarius (ca. 550 spp.) Lactifluus (ca. 120 Kashmir Province is predominated by the temperate spp.), (13spp.), (6spp.), vegetation and alpine desert or dry cold desert flora, Gloeopeniophorella(6 spp.) and Pseudoxenasma (1 species) respectively. The major includePinus roxburghii , (Lebelet et al ., 2013; Kirk, 2014). Till 2016, 158 taxa of Cedrus deodara,,, Abies pindrow A. spectabilis Taxus Russula, 83 taxa of Lactarius , 29 taxa of Lactifluus , 1 species walichianaand Picea smithiana while the broad-leaved each ofMultifurca and Gloeopeniophorella and 2 species of evergreen forests are predominantly represented by Buxus Boidiniahave been reported from India (Sharma etal ., 2018). wallichiana, Ilex dipyrena, Quercus semicapifolia, etc. and The agaricoid genera (Russula , Lactarius , and Lactifluus ) forests byAesculus indica , alba , Acer constitute 95% of the familyRussulaceae . Members of caesium, Viburnum spp ., Salix spp., Alnus spp., etc. This Russula are characterised by bright coloured, brittle diverse vegetation provides to the members of the family sporocarps while those ofLactarius and Lactifluus have Russulaceae as these are well known to form ectomycorrhizal exuding feature. These genera are cosmopolitan in associations with these plants. distribution and are one of the main ectomycorrhizal METHODS symbionts in diverse vegetation types ranging from the rainforests to the boreal coniferous forests. This checklist is based on the information gathered from published sources and the information retrieved from the Pioneering work on the russulaceous mushrooms from literature including distribution, general habitat and edibility Jammu and Kashmir was done by Berkeley (1854, 1876) who status of each taxon. Nomenclature used for each species was documented 8Russula and 5 Lactarius species from the Komal Verma, S.A.J. Hashmi, N.S. Atri and Yash Pal Sharma 43 checked against the classification system provided on the 1.7 (Scop.) Fr. web site (http://www.indexfungorum.org/ Habit and habitat: Humicolous, solitary to gregarious, names/names.asp) and MycoBank (www.mycobank.org). putatively ectomycorrhizal in coniferous forests. Names of some species reported in the cited publications have Locality: and (J&K). been replaced by currently accepted name. The checklist is Edibility: unknown, but have medicinal value. prepared by compiling all the available data and is organized Jammu and Kashmir (Watling and Gregory, 1980; Abraham alphabetically. et al., 1980; Saini and Atri, 1984; Atri et al ., 1994; Farooq et al., 2017). CHECKLIST I.Genus Lactarius Pers. 1.8Lactarius scrobiculatus var. canadensis (A.H.Sm.) Hesler andA.H.Sm. 1.1 Lactarius angustifolius Hesler andA.H. Sm. Habit and habitat: Humicolous, solitary to gregarious, Habit and habitat: Humicolous, solitary, putatively putatively ectomycorrhizal with conifers. ectomycorrhizal, with coniferous forest dominated by Cedrus Locality: and Gulmarg (J&K). deodara. Edibility: unknown. Locality: Gulmarg (J&K). Jammu and Kashmir, (Atri and Saini, 1986, 1988; Atriet al ., Edibility: not edible. 1994). Jammu and Kashmir (Atri and Saini, 1986; Saini and Atri, 1993;Atriet al ., 1994). 1.9 Lactarius subpurpureus Peck Habit and habitat: Humicolous, scattered to gregarious, 1.2 Gröger. putatively ectomycorrhizal withViburnum species. Habit and habitat: Humicolous, solitary, putatively Locality: Gulmarg (J&K). ectomycorrhizal with coniferous trees of Edibility: edible, medicinally important. andCedrus deodara . Jammu and Kashmir (Watling and Gregory, 1980; Saini and Locality: Bhadarwah, Gulmarg andTangmarg (J&K). Atri, 1990). Ediblity: not edible in the locality but reported edible in some parts of theworld. 1.10Lactarius subisabellinus var. murrillianus (A.H.Sm. Jammu and Kashmir (Abrahamet al ., 1980; Kumar, 2009). and Hesler) Hesler andA.H.Sm. Habit and habitat: Humicolous, gregarious, putatively 1.3 (Krapf) Fr. ectomycorrhizal, usually mixed with broad leaf forests. Habit and habitat: Humicolous, scattered, putatively Locality: (J&K). ectomycorrhizal, association withViburnum species. Edibility: not edible. Locality: Gulmarg (J&K). Jammu and Kashmir (Atri and Saini, 1986;Atriet al ., 1994). Edibility: not edible. Jammu and Kashmir (Abraham and Kaul, 1985). 1.11 (Fr.) Fr. Habit and habitat: Humicolous, scattered, putatively 1.4 Lactarius hepaticus Plowr. ectomycorrhizal, underSalix . Habit and habitat: Humicolous, solitary to gregarious, Locality: Dachigam (J&K). scattered, putatively ectomycorrhizal in coniferous forests of Edibility: not edible. Cedrus, Pinusand Taxus . Jammu and Kashmir (Watling and Gregory, 1980; Abraham Locality: Doodhpatheri(J&K). et al., 1981). Edibility: not edible. Jammu and Kashmir (Pala andWani, 2014). 1.12 Lactarius vellereus (Fr.) Fr. Habit and habitat: Humicolous, solitary, putatively 1.5 Fr. ectomycorrhizal with coniferous forests of Pinus wallichiana Habit and habitat: Humicolous, scattered or gregarious, andCedrus deodara . putatively ectomycorrhizal in mixed forests underBetula . Locality: , Kalinag forest area (J&K). Locality: (J&K). Edibility: not edible. Edibility: not edible, considered poisonous. Jammu and Kashmir (Kumar and Sharma, 2011). Jammu and Kashmir (Atri and Saini, 1986; Atriet al ., 1994; Anandet al ., 2014). 2. Genus Lactifluus (Pers.) Roussel.

1.6 Lactarius spinosulus Quél. 2.1 Lactifluus controversus (Pers.) Kuntze Habit and habitat: Humicolous, scattered, gregarious, Habit and habitat: Humicolous, solitary to gregarious, putatively ectomycorrhizal in the forests of Pinus roxburghii putatively ectomycorrhizal withSalix alba . andP.wallichiana . Locality: Gulmarg and Tangmarg (J&K). Locality: , Gulmarg and (J&K). Edibility: edible. Edibility: not edible. Jammu and Kashmir (Watling and Abraham 1992, Abraham Jammu and Kashmir (Beiget al ., 2008). et al., 1981,Atri et al ., 1994 as Pers.). 44 A checklist of agaricoid russulaceous mushrooms from Jammu and Kashmir, India

2.2 Lactifluus corrugis (Peck) Kuntze. 3.5 Peck. Habit and habitat: Humicolous, solitary, putatively Habit and habitat: Humicolous, solitary to scattered in small ectomycorrhizal, underQuercus forest. groups, putatively ectomycorrhizal mostly with Quercus Locality: Gulmarg andTangmarg (J&K). semecarpifolia. Edibility: not edible in Jammu and Kashmir but reported to be Locality: (J&K). edible fromsomeparts of the world. Edibility: unknown. Jammu and Kashmir (Atri and Saini, 1986; Saini and Atri, Jammu and Kashmir (Kaur and Rather, 2016). 1993 asLactarius corrugis Peck). 3.6Russula annulata var. evanescens Kumar S and Sharma 2.3 Lactifluus deliciosus (L.) Kuntze YP. Habit and habitat: Humicolous, gregarious, putatively Habit and habitat: Humicolous, scattered, putatively ectomycorrhizal inPinus roxburghii forests. ectomycorrhizal with mixed forests ofAlnus nepalensis and Locality: Yusmarg and Mammer (J&K). Juglans regia. Edibility: highly edible. Locality: Dugga, Bhaderwah (J&K). Jammu and Kashmir (Watling and Gregory, 1980; Abraham et Edibility: not edible. al., 1980;Farooq etal .,2017as Lactariusdelicious (L.)Gray). Jammu and Kashmir (Kumar and Sharma, 2012).

2.4 Lactifluus volemus (Fr.) Kuntze 3.7 (Krombh.) Britzelm. Habit and habitat: Humicolous, solitary, ectomycorrhizal, Habit and habitat: Humicolous, gregarious, putatively forests ofPinus wallichiana and Cedrus deodara . ectomycorrhizal, in coniferous forests of Pinus roxburghii Locality: Bhaderwarh, (J&K). andP.wallichiana . Edibility: not edible in the J&K but reported to be edible in Locality: Poonch, Hirpora (J&K). Uttarakhand. Edibility: not edible. Jammu and Kashmir (Kumar and Sharma, 2011 as Lactarius Jammu and Kashmir (Palaet al ., 2012). volemus (Fr.) Fr.). 3.8 Russula aerugenia Lindblad. 3. Genus Russula Pers. Habit and habitat: Humicolous, putatively ectomycorrhizal, growing scattered, or gregariously under trees or 3.1 (Pers.) Fr. underSalix . Habit and habitat: Humicolous, scattered, putatively Locality: Hirpora(J&K). ectomycorrhizal with coniferous temperate forests dominated Edibility: edible. byAbies and deciduous forests of Salix . Jammu and Kashmir (Palaet al ., 2012). Locality: Gulmarg (J&K) Edibility: not edible 3.9 Peck. Jammu and Kashmir (Berkeley, 1876). Habit and habitat: Humicolous, putatively ectomycorrhizal, associated withCedrus in coniferous to mixed temperate 3.2 Pers. forests. Habit and habitat: Humicolous, solitary to scattered, Locality: Pahalgam (J&K). putatively ectomycorrhizal withPicea species. Edibility: edible. Locality: Kellar, Gulmarg and Mammer (J&K). Jammu and Kashmir (Abrahamet al ., 1980; Watling and Edibility: edible having medicinal properties. Gregory, 1980). Jammu and Kashmir (Saini and Atri, 1984; Atriet al ., 1994; Daret al ., 2010; Farooq et al ., 2017). 3.10. (Schaeff.) Fr. Habit and habitat: Humicolous, solitary to scattered, 3.3 Russula azurea Bres. putatively ectomycorrhizal, coniferous forests of Pinus Habit and habitat: Humicolous, scattered, putatively wallichianaand Cedrus deodara . ectomycorrhizal withQuercus but also recorded occasionally Locality: Bhaderwah, Hirpora, , and underPicea . Sanasar (J&K). Locality:Tangmarg (J&K). Edibility: not edible but edible in certain parts of the world. Edibility: not edible in J&K but reported to be edible from Jammu and Kashmir (Kumar and Sharma 2012, Palaet al ., some parts of the world. 2012). Jammu and Kashmir (Saini andAtri, 1984; Sainiet al ., 1989). 3.11. Fr. 3.4 Russula alachuana Murr. Humicolous , scattered, putatively ectomycorrhizal under Habit and habitat: Humicolous, solitary to scattered, Pinus. putatively ectomycorrhizal associated with Quercus Locality: Hirpora, Patnitop and Sanasar (J&K). semecarpifolia. Edibility: edible. Locality: Pahalgamand Gulmarg (J&K). Jammu and Kashmir (Saini and Atri, 1984; Sainiet al ., 1988; Edibility: unknown. Daret al ., 2009; Pala et al ., 2012). Jammu and Kashmir (Saini andAtri, 1982). Komal Verma, S.A.J. Hashmi, N.S. Atri and Yash Pal Sharma 45 3.12. Secr. ex Gillet Edibility: edible. Habit and habitat: Humicolous, putatively ectomycorrhizal, Jammu and Kashmir (Beiget al ., 2008). in association with species ofCedrus, Picea and Quercus in deciduous to mixed temperate forests. 3.20.Russula nauseosa (Pers.) Fr. Locality: Gulmarg, Sonamarg (J&K). Habit and habitat: Humicolous, scattered, putatively Edibility: not edible. ectomycorrhizal withPinus . Jammu and Kashmir (Watling and Gregory, 1980; Abraham Locality: Gulmarg (J&K). et al., 1981;Atri and Saini, 1986;Atri et al ., 1994). Edibility: edible. Jammu and Kashmir (Watling and Gregory, 1980; Abraham 3.13 (Schaeff.) Pers. et al., 1980). Habit and habitat: Humicolous, scattered, putatively ectomycorrhizal in coniferous forests. 3.21.Russula nauseosa var. atropurpureaAllesch. Locality:Aru, Hirpora (J&K). Habit and habitat: Humicolous, putatively in ectomycorrhizal Edibility: not edible. association withViburnum . Jammu and Kashmir (Beiget al ., 2011; Pala et al ., 2012). Locality: Pahalgam and Tangmarg (J&K). Edibility: unknown. 3.14. Pers. Jammu and Kashmir (Watling and Gregory, 1980). Habit and habitat: Humicolous, gregarious, putatively ectomycorrhizal, under coniferous forests. 3.22. Fr. Locality: Gulmarg, Pahalgam(J&K). Habit and habitat: Humicolous, gregarious, scattered, Edibility: edible. putatively in ectomycorrhizal association with species of Jammu and Kashmir (Saini andAtri, 1984). Quercusand Cedrus in coniferous, deciduous and mixed temperateforests. 3.15. Jul. Schäff. Locality: Gulmarg and Sonamarg (J&K). Habit and habitat: Humicolous, scattered, putatively Edibility: not edible. ectomycorrhizal, with coniferous forests dominated byAbies . Jammu and Kashmir (SainiandAtri, 1984;Sainiet al ., 1988). Locality: Gulmarg and Pahalgam(J&K). Edibility: not edible. 3.23. Velen. Jammu and Kashmir (Watling and Gregory, 1980; Itooet al ., Humicolous, scattered, putatively ectomycorrhizal under 2013; Farooqet al ., 2017). broad leaf forest dominated byQuercus species. Locality: Hirporawildlife sanctuary (J&K). 3.16. Russula fragrantissima Romagn. Edibility: Poisonous. Habit and habitat: Humicolous, solitary, scattered in Jammu and Kashmir (Palaet al ., 2012). putatively ectomycorrhizal association with coniferous forests dominated byAbies . 3.24. Britzelm. Locality: Pahalgam(J&K). Habit and habitat: Humicolous, scattered in conifer- Edibility: not edible. dominated forests under the canopy ofPinus wallichiana , Jammu and Kashmir (Watling and Gregory, 1980). putatively ectomycorrhizal. Locality:Tangmarg J&K). 3.17 Fr. Edibility: edible but easily mistaken withRussula emetica . Habit and habitat: Humicolous, putatively ectomycorrhizal, Jammu and Kashmir (Daret al ., 2009). generallyscatteredunderbothconiferousandbroadleavedtrees. Locality: , (J&K). 3.25. Russula puellaris Fr. Edibility: not edible. Habit and habitat: Humicolous, solitary to scattered, Jammu and Kashmir (Palaet al ., 2011). putatively ectomycorrhizal withPinus wallichiana and Cedrus deodara. 3.18. Russula lepida Fr. Locality: Bhaderwah (J&K). Habit and habitat: Humicolous, solitary to scattered, Edibility: not edible putatively ectomycorrhizal underPinus wallichiana and Jammu and Kashmir (Kumar and Sharma, 2012). Cedrus deodara. Locality: Pahalgam, Bhaderwah and (J&K). 3.26. Russula persicina Krombh. Edible: not edible. Habit and habitat: Humicolous, solitary to scattered, Jammu and Kashmir (Atri and Saini, 1986; Sainiet al ., 1989; putatively ecotmycorrhizal in mixed forest dominated with Kumar and Sharma, 2012). Salixalba. Locality: Sarband, Dachigam(J&K). 3.19. (Huds.) Gray Edibility: not edible. Habit and habitat: Humicolous, common, gregarious, Jammu and Kashmir (Watling and Gregory, 1980). putatively ectomycorrhizal, under the canopy of Cedrus deodaraand Abies trees during autumn season. 3.27. Pers. Locality: Gulmarg and Bandipora(J&K). Habit and habitat: Humicolous, putatively ectomycorrhizal, 46 A checklist of agaricoid russulaceous mushrooms from Jammu and Kashmir, India scattered, under coniferous forests. deciduous forests. Locality: Patnitop, Sanasar and Gulmarg (J&K). Locality: Sonamarg and Gulmarg (J&K). Edibility: not edible. Edibility: edible. Jammu and Kashmir (Atri and Saini, 1986; Sainiet al ., 1989; Jammu and Kashmir (SainiandAtri, 1984;Sainiet al ., 1988). Kumar and Sharma, 2012). CONCLUSIONS 3.28. Russula rubicunda Quél. Jammu and Kashmir is one of the rich regions of Habit and habitat: Humicolous, solitary, scattered, in India owing to varied climatic conditions and topographical putatively ectomycorrhizal association withViburnum . features. Several investigations related to fungal diversity Locality:Tangmarg (J&K). especially mushrooms have been undertaken in the region, Edibility: not edible. yet the literature does not reveal much on russulaceous Jammu and Kashmir (Watling and Gregory, 1980). members as only 51 species of the family have been reported from Jammu and Kashmir so far. Owing to rich hosts and 3.29. Russula sanguinea (Bull.) Fr. habitats such as coniferous forests, species of Betula, Habit and habitat: Humicolous, scattered, putatively Quercus, Viburnum, Salix etc, supporting growth, ectomycorrhizal with confers. a large number of ectomycorrhizal russulaceous taxa may Locality: Gulmarg (J&K). exist in this region but seemingly there is a considerable gap Edibility: not edible. between the number of ectomycorrhizal russulaceous taxa Jammu and Kashmir (Watling and Gregory, 1980). actually existing in nature and the number of documented species. Therefore, extensive exploratory studies are ardently 3.30. Russula stuntzii Grund. called for in different geographical locations of Jammu and Humicolous, solitary, putatively ectomycorrhizal in mixed Kashmir. forest. ACKNOWLEDGEMENT Locality: Baramulla(J&K). Edibility: not edible but considered edible in some parts of the The authors wish to thank University Grants Commission, world. New Delhi for providing financial support under UGC-SAP Jammu and Kashmir (Kauretal ., 2014). DRS-II and the Head, Department of Botany, University of Jammu, Jammu for laboratory facilities. The first author also 3.31. Fr. acknowledges for the financial assistance received from UGC Habit and habitat: Humicolous, scattered, putatively in the form of JRF. ecotmycorrhizal withAbies pindrow . REFERENCES Locality: Babareshi, Baramulla (J&K). Edibility: not edible. Abraham, S.P., Kachroo, J.L. and Kaul, T.N. 1980. Fleshy Jammu and Kashmir (Beiget al ., 2011). fungi of Gulmarg Forest-1.Kavaka 8 :29-39. Abraham, S.P. and Kaul, T.N. 1985. Larger fungi from 3.32. Russula tuberculosa R. Heim Upsala Kashmir III.Kavaka 13 : 77-81. Habit and habitat: Humicolous, scattered, putatively ectomycorrhizal in coniferous forests of Pinus wallichiana Abraham, S.P., Kaul, T.N. and Kachroo, J.L. 1981. Larger andCedrus deodara . Fungifrom Kashmir I.Kavaka 9 : 35-43. Locality: Bhaderwah, (J&K). 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