DOCSLIB.ORG

Sugarbeet Vulnerability Statement

Total Page：16

File Type：pdf, Size：1020Kb

Download full-text PDF Read full-text
Sugarbeet Vulnerability Statement SUGARBEET CROP GERMPLASM COMMITTEE REPORT ON THE STATUS OF BETA GERMPLASM IN THE UNITED STATES 2017 Lee Panella USDA-Agricultural Research Service Soil Management & Sugar Beet Research Unit Sugarbeet Research Program Crops Research Laboratory 1701 Centre Ave. Fort Collins, CO 80526-2083 Ph: 970.492.7140 Email: [email protected] SUGARBEET CGC REPORT STATUS OF BETA GERMPLASM IN U.S. Page i SUGARBEET CROP GERMPLASM COMMITTEE REPORT ON THE STATUS OF BETA GERMPLASM IN THE UNITED STATES TABLE OF CONTENTS TABLE OF CONTENTS .............................................................................................................ii Chapter 1 – THE BEET CROP AND SUGAR PROCESSING ...................................................... 1 Introduction to the Beet Crop ................................................................................................. 1 Uses and types..................................................................................................................... 1 Origin and adaptation .......................................................................................................... 1 Sugar processing history ..................................................................................................... 2 Consumption and production today .................................................................................... 2 Beet Production ........................................................................................................................ 3 Value ................................................................................................................................... 3 Production and acreage ....................................................................................................... 3 Growing Areas in the U.S. .................................................................................................. 3 The Upper Midwest Region ........................................................................................................ 3 Map of production areas by county ............................................................................................. 4 Great Lakes Region ..................................................................................................................... 4 Table – U.S. sugarbeet crops from 2004 through 2016: area planted, by State and region 1/...................................................................................................................................... 5 Table – U.S. sugarbeet crops from 2004 through 2016: production, by State and region 1/...................................................................................................................................... 6 Great Plains Region ..................................................................................................................... 7 Far West Region .......................................................................................................................... 7 Trends in production ........................................................................................................... 7 Sugar beet for biofuel production ....................................................................................... 8 Production of garden beets.................................................................................................. 8 Baby salad mix and Salad mix ............................................................................................ 8 Red beets grown for betalain dye ........................................................................................ 8 Value added products & genetically enhanced sugarbeet ................................................... 9 Chapter 2 – STATUS OF SUGARBEET CROP VULNERABILITY ............................................... 10 Sugarbeet Crop Vulnerability ............................................................................................... 10 Introduction ....................................................................................................................... 10 Original Germplasm.......................................................................................................... 10 Status of the sugarbeet crop vulnerability ......................................................................... 10 Reasons for vulnerability .................................................................................................. 10 Important sugarbeet diseases, & pests, ............................................................................ 11 Breeding for disease resistance ......................................................................................... 11 Cytoplasmic-genetic male sterility (CMS) ....................................................................... 11 Monogerm seed ................................................................................................................. 11 Single gene resistance to pests & diseases ........................................................................ 12 SUGARBEET CGC REPORT STATUS OF BETA GERMPLASM IN U.S. Page ii Implications of New Disease & Pathogen Biotypes .......................................................... 12 Curly top ........................................................................................................................... 12 Fungicide resistance in Cercospora .................................................................................. 12 Rhizomania ....................................................................................................................... 13 Powdery mildew ............................................................................................................... 13 Beet soilborne mosaic virus .............................................................................................. 13 New and emerging diseases .............................................................................................. 13 Erwinia .............................................................................................................................. 14 Chapter 3 – GERMPLASM ACTIVITIES IN THE UNITED STATES ............................................. 15 Section A: Historical Perspective ......................................................................................... 15 First breeding efforts ......................................................................................................... 15 USDA-ARS breeding efforts intensified .......................................................................... 15 Cooperative breeding efforts developed ........................................................................... 15 New emphasis of USDA-ARS breeding effort ................................................................. 16 Changes in the seed market............................................................................................... 16 Erosion of USDA-ARS support ........................................................................................ 16 University researchers ....................................................................................................... 16 Section B: Organizations Involved in Germplasm ............................................................ 17 Sugarbeet Crop Germplasm Committee (formerly CAC) .................................................... 17 Formation .......................................................................................................................... 17 Issues of concern to the Sugarbeet CGC........................................................................... 17 Accomplish-ments of the Sugar Beet CGC ...................................................................... 18 Beet Sugar Development Foundation ............................................................................... 19 Formation .......................................................................................................................... 19 Mission Statement ............................................................................................................. 19 Support of USDA-ARS research ...................................................................................... 19 Table of USDA-ARS and Public Institute Researchers with a Major Emphasis on Beta Germplasm ............................................................................................................................ 20 Screening of NPGS PI germplasm .................................................................................... 21 Personnel & Facilities of Sugar Beet Seed Companies in the U.S. ...................................... 21 Betaseed Inc. ..................................................................................................................... 21 SESVanderHave USA, Inc. .............................................................................................. 22 Syngenta Seeds Inc. .......................................................................................................... 23 Other seed companies in the U.S. market ......................................................................... 23 Section C: Sugarbeet Germplasm Research .................................................................... 24 USDA-ARS Germplasm-related Research ........................................................................... 24 East Lansing, Michigan ...................................................................................................
Load more

Recommended publications
  • Genetic and Genomic Tools to Asssist Sugar Beet Improvement: the Value of the Crop Wild Relatives
    PERSPECTIVE published: 06 February 2018 doi: 10.3389/fpls.2018.00074 Genetic and Genomic Tools to Asssist Sugar Beet Improvement: The Value of the Crop Wild Relatives Filipa Monteiro 1,2*, Lothar Frese 3, Sílvia Castro 4, Maria C. Duarte 1, Octávio S. Paulo 1, João Loureiro 4 and Maria M. Romeiras 1,2* 1 Centre for Ecology, Evolution and Environmental Changes, Faculdade de Ciências Universidade de Lisboa, Lisboa, Portugal, 2 Linking Landscape, Environment, Agriculture and Food, Instituto Superior de Agronomia, Universidade de Lisboa, Lisboa, Portugal, 3 Institute for Breeding Research on Agricultural Crops, Julius Kühn-Institut, Federal Research Centre for Cultivated Plants (JKI), Quedlinburg, Germany, 4 Department of Life Sciences, Centre for Functional Ecology, Universidade de Coimbra, Coimbra, Portugal Sugar beet (Beta vulgaris L. ssp. vulgaris) is one of the most important European crops for both food and sugar production. Crop improvement has been developed to enhance productivity, sugar content or other breeder’s desirable traits. The introgression of traits from Crop Wild Relatives (CWR) has been done essentially for lessening biotic stresses Edited by: constraints, namely using Beta and Patellifolia species which exhibit disease resistance Piergiorgio Stevanato, characteristics. Several studies have addressed crop-to-wild gene flow, yet, for breeding Università degli Studi di Padova, Italy programs genetic variability associated with agronomically important traits remains Reviewed by: Martin Mascher, unexplored regarding abiotic factors. To accomplish such association from phenotype- Leibniz-Institut für Pflanzengenetik und to-genotype, screening for wild relatives occurring in habitats where selective pressures Kulturpflanzenforschung (IPK), are in play (i.e., populations in salt marshes for salinity tolerance; populations subjected Germany Chiara Broccanello, to pathogen attacks and likely evolved resistance to pathogens) are the most appropriate Università degli Studi di Padova, Italy streamline to identify causal genetic information.
    [Show full text]
  • Tolerance of Vegetable Crops to Salinity M.C
    Scientia Horticulturae 78 (1999) 5±38 Tolerance of vegetable crops to salinity M.C. Shannon*, C.M. Grieve U.S. Salinity Laboratory, Department of Agriculture, Agricultural Research Service, 450 W. Big Springs Road, Riverside, CA 92507, USA Abstract Global constraints on fresh water supplies and the need to dispose of agricultural, municipal, and industrial waste waters have intensified interest in water reuse options. In many instances, the value of the water is decreased solely because of its higher salt concentration. Although quantitative information on crop salt tolerance exists for over 130 crop species, there are many vegetables which lack definitive data. Vegetable crops are defined as herbaceous species grown for human consumption in which the edible portions consist of leaves, roots, hypocotyls, stems, petioles, and flower buds. The salt tolerance of vegetable species is important because the cash value of vegetables is usually high compared to field crops. In this review some general information is presented on how salinity affects plant growth and development and how different measurements of salinity in solution cultures, sand cultures, and field studies can be reconciled to a common basis. The salt tolerance of vegetables has been condensed and reported in a uniform format based on the best available data. Discrepancies and inconsistencies exist in some of the information due to differences in cultivars, environments, and experimental conditions. For a great number of species little or no useful information exists and there is an obvious need for research. Published by Elsevier Science B.V. Keywords: Salt tolerance; Ion composition Contents 1. Introduction ............................................................ 7 1.1.
    [Show full text]
  • Religion, Politics, and Sugar: the Mormon Church, the Federal Government, and the Utah-Idaho Sugar Company, 1907 to 1921
    Utah State University DigitalCommons@USU All USU Press Publications USU Press 2007 Religion, Politics, and Sugar: The Mormon Church, the Federal Government, and the Utah-Idaho Sugar Company, 1907 to 1921 Matthew C. Godfrey Follow this and additional works at: https://digitalcommons.usu.edu/usupress_pubs Part of the American Politics Commons, and the History of Religion Commons Recommended Citation Godfrey, M. C. (2007). Religion, politics, and sugar: The Mormon Church, the federal government, and the Utah-Idaho Sugar Company, 1907-1921. Logan, Utah: Utah State University Press. This Book is brought to you for free and open access by the USU Press at DigitalCommons@USU. It has been accepted for inclusion in All USU Press Publications by an authorized administrator of DigitalCommons@USU. For more information, please contact [email protected]. Religion, Politics, and Sugar The Mormon Church, the Federal Government, and the Utah-Idaho Sugar Company, 1907–1921 Matthew C. Godfrey Religion, Politics, and Sugar The Mormon Church, the Federal Government, and the Utah-Idaho Sugar Company 1907–1921 Religion, Politics, and Sugar The Mormon Church, the Federal Government, and the Utah-Idaho Sugar Company 1907–1921 Matthew C. Godfrey Utah State University Press Logan, Utah Copyright © 2007 Utah State University Press All rights reserved. An earlier version of chapter 5 was fi rst published as “The Utah-Idaho Sugar Company: Political and Legal Troubles in the Aftermath of the First World War,” Agricultural History 75 (Spring 2001). Portions of chapter 6 were fi rst published as “The Shadow of Mormon Cooperation, The Businesss Policies of Charles Nibley, Western Sugar Magnate in the Early 1900s,” Pacifi c Northwest Quarterly 94 (Summer 2003).
    [Show full text]
  • EC Directive 92/43 on the Conservation of Natural Habitats and of Wild Fauna and Flora Citation for Special Area of Conservation (SAC)
    EC Directive 92/43 on the Conservation of Natural Habitats and of Wild Fauna and Flora Citation for Special Area of Conservation (SAC) Name: Chesil and the Fleet Unitary Authority/County: Dorset SAC status: Designated on 1 April 2005 Grid reference: SY630795 SAC EU code: UK0017076 Area (ha): 1631.63 Component SSSI: Chesil Beach and The Fleet SSSI, Portland Harbour Shore SSSI, West Dorset Coast SSSI Site description: The Fleet is the largest example of a lagoonal habitat in England and has features of both lagoonal inlets and percolation lagoons. It is bordered by the fossil shingle barrier beach structure of Chesil Beach, through which sea water percolates into the lagoon, but most of its water exchange occurs through the narrow channel that links it to Portland Harbour. A low freshwater input produces fully saline conditions throughout most of the Fleet, with reduced salinity occurring only in the west. The lagoon is extremely sheltered from wave action and has weak tidal streams, except in the eastern narrows and entrance channel. The tidal range is much smaller and temperature range far greater than on the open coast. The lagoon supports extensive populations of two species of eelgrass Zostera and three species of tasselweed Ruppia, including the rare spiral tasselweed R. cirrhosa, and a diverse fauna that includes a number of nationally rare and scarce species. The 28 km-long shingle bar of Chesil Beach, with the contiguous Portland Harbour shore, is an extensive representative of perennial vegetation of stony banks, and most of it is relatively undisturbed by human activities. Much of the shingle bar is subject to wash-over and percolation in storm conditions and is therefore sparsely vegetated.
    [Show full text]
  • Expression Analysis of the Expanded Cercosporin Gene Cluster In
    EXPRESSION ANALYSIS OF THE EXPANDED CERCOSPORIN GENE CLUSTER IN CERCOSPORA BETICOLA A Thesis Submitted to the Graduate Faculty of the North Dakota State University of Agriculture and Applied Science By Karina Anne Stott In Partial Fulfillment of the Requirements for the Degree of MASTER OF SCIENCE Major Department: Plant Pathology May 2018 Fargo, North Dakota North Dakota State University Graduate School Title Expression Analysis of the Expanded Cercosporin Gene Cluster in Cercospora beticola By Karina Anne Stott The Supervisory Committee certifies that this disquisition complies with North Dakota State University’s regulations and meets the accepted standards for the degree of MASTER OF SCIENCE SUPERVISORY COMMITTEE: Dr. Gary Secor Chair Dr. Melvin Bolton Dr. Zhaohui Liu Dr. Stuart Haring Approved: 5-18-18 Dr. Jack Rasmussen Date Department Chair ABSTRACT Cercospora leaf spot is an economically devastating disease of sugar beet caused by the fungus Cercospora beticola. It has been demonstrated recently that the C. beticola CTB cluster is larger than previously recognized and includes novel genes involved in cercosporin biosynthesis and a partial duplication of the CTB cluster. Several genes in the C. nicotianae CTB cluster are known to be regulated by ‘feedback’ transcriptional inhibition. Expression analysis was conducted in wild type (WT) and CTB mutant backgrounds to determine if feedback inhibition occurs in C. beticola. My research showed that the transcription factor CTB8 which regulates the CTB cluster expression in C. nicotianae also regulates gene expression in the C. beticola CTB cluster. Expression analysis has shown that feedback inhibition occurs within some of the expanded CTB cluster genes.
    [Show full text]
  • Origin and Age of Australian Chenopodiaceae
    ARTICLE IN PRESS Organisms, Diversity & Evolution 5 (2005) 59–80 www.elsevier.de/ode Origin and age of Australian Chenopodiaceae Gudrun Kadereita,Ã, DietrichGotzek b, Surrey Jacobsc, Helmut Freitagd aInstitut fu¨r Spezielle Botanik und Botanischer Garten, Johannes Gutenberg-Universita¨t Mainz, D-55099 Mainz, Germany bDepartment of Genetics, University of Georgia, Athens, GA 30602, USA cRoyal Botanic Gardens, Sydney, Australia dArbeitsgruppe Systematik und Morphologie der Pflanzen, Universita¨t Kassel, D-34109 Kassel, Germany Received 20 May 2004; accepted 31 July 2004 Abstract We studied the age, origins, and possible routes of colonization of the Australian Chenopodiaceae. Using a previously published rbcL phylogeny of the Amaranthaceae–Chenopodiaceae alliance (Kadereit et al. 2003) and new ITS phylogenies of the Camphorosmeae and Salicornieae, we conclude that Australia has been reached in at least nine independent colonization events: four in the Chenopodioideae, two in the Salicornieae, and one each in the Camphorosmeae, Suaedeae, and Salsoleae. Where feasible, we used molecular clock estimates to date the ages of the respective lineages. The two oldest lineages both belong to the Chenopodioideae (Scleroblitum and Chenopodium sect. Orthosporum/Dysphania) and date to 42.2–26.0 and 16.1–9.9 Mya, respectively. Most lineages (Australian Camphorosmeae, the Halosarcia lineage in the Salicornieae, Sarcocornia, Chenopodium subg. Chenopodium/Rhagodia, and Atriplex) arrived in Australia during the late Miocene to Pliocene when aridification and increasing salinity changed the landscape of many parts of the continent. The Australian Camphorosmeae and Salicornieae diversified rapidly after their arrival. The molecular-clock results clearly reject the hypothesis of an autochthonous stock of Chenopodiaceae dating back to Gondwanan times.
    [Show full text]
  • Great Nutraceutical Potential of Bioactive Compounds from Beta Vulgaris Cicla and Rubra Paolino Ninfali1, Elena Antonini1
    Nutrafoods (2018) 17:75-81 ORIGINAL RESEARCH DOI 10.17470/NF-018-1002-2 Received: February 21, 2018 Accepted: March 21, 2018 Great nutraceutical potential of bioactive compounds from Beta vulgaris cicla and rubra Paolino Ninfali1, Elena Antonini1 Correspondence to: Paolino Ninfali - [email protected] Beta vulgaris subsp. cicla (BVc, leaf beet) and Beta vulgaris var. rubra (BVr, red beetroot) belong to the Keywords Amaranthaceae family and have been used for centuries as food and medicinal plants. The main bioac- ABSTRACT Anticancer tive phytochemicals of BVr are the betalains, a group of water-soluble pigments derived from betalamic acid, which are divided into two classes: the yellow/orange-coloured betaxanthins (BX) and the red/ Anti-inflammatory violet-coloured betacyanins (BC). The seeds, leaves and roots of BVc are rich in phenolic acids and Antioxidants apigenin-derived flavonoids, namely vitexin, vitexin-2-O-rhamnoside (VOR) and vitexina-2-O-xyloside Betalains (XVX). We isolated BVc and BVr phytochemicals in our laboratory and tested them individually and in Nutraceutical products combination for their anticancer and anti-inflammatory activity. In cancer cells, vitexin flavonoids were Vitexin flavonoids able to induce intrinsic apoptosis, while betalains induced extrinsic apoptosis. Combinations of two or three molecules exhibited synergistic antioxidant, anti-inflammatory and anticancer activity, particularly towards hepatic, intestinal and urinary bladder tumours. Introduction also called chard or spinach beet and grown for its leaves, is an important economic crop in many regions of Italy. Beta vulgaris subsp. vulgaris is a herbaceous biennial plant Beta vulgaris var. rubra (BVr, red beetroot) is widely culti- belonging to the order of the Caryophyllales, in the fam- vated in Northern and Central Italy for its dark red, yellow ily of the Amaranthaceae, and in the Betoideae subfamily or white roots.
    [Show full text]
  • South Gare Plant List 01July2019
    South Gare Plant List - 1st July 2019 Scien9fic name English Name Achillea millefolium Yarrow Agros9s stolonifera Creeping Bent Alisma plantago-aqua9ca Water-plantain Alliaria pe9olata Garlic Mustard Allium vineale Crow Garlic Ammophila arenaria Marram Anacamp9s pyramidalis Pyramidal Orchid Anisantha sterilis Barren Brome Anthyllis vulneraria Kidney Vetch An9rrhinum major Snapdragon Arcum minus Lesser Burdock Armeria mari9ma Thri Arrhenatherum ela9us False Oat-grass Artemisa mari9ma Sea Wormwood Artemisa vulgaris Mugwort Asplenium adiantum-nigrum Black Spleenwort Aster tripolium Sea Aster Astragalus danicus Purple Milk-Vetch Atriplex hulmeana Stace p144 Atriplex prostrata x A.liVoralis Atriplex laciniata Frosted Orache Atriplex liVoralis Grass-leaved Orache Atriplex prostrata Spear-leaved Orache Bellis perennis Daisy Bergenia crassifolia Elephant's-ears Beta vulgaris Sea Beet Blackstonia perfoliata Yellow-wort Bolboschoenus mari9mus Sea Club-rush BriZa media Quaking-grass Bromus hordaceous So Brome Buddleia davidii BuVerfly-Bush Cakile mari9ma Sea Rocket Calystegia silva9ca Large Bindweed Campanula rotundifolia Harebell Capsella bursa-pastoris Shepherd's-purse Cardamine pratensis Cuckooflower Carduus nutans Musk Thistle Carex arenaria Sand Sedge Carex binerva Green ribbed Sedge Carex demissa Common Yellow Sedge Carex flacca Glaucous Sedge Carex hirta Hairy Sedge Carlina vulgaris Carline Thistle Catapodium marinum Sea Fern-grass !1 Catapodium rigidum Fern-grass Centaurea nigra Common Knapweed Centaurea scabiosa Greater Knapweed Centaurium
    [Show full text]
  • Plant Classification and Seeds
    Ashley Pearson – Plant Classification and Seeds ● Green and Gorgeous Oxfordshire ● Cut flowers ● Small amounts of veg still grown and sold locally Different Classification Systems Classification by Life Cycle : Ephemeral (6-8 wks) Annual Biennial Perennial Classification by Ecology: Mesophyte, Xerophyte, Hydrophyte, Halophyte, Cryophyte Raunkiaers Life Form System: based on the resting stage Raunkiaers Life Form System Classification contd. Classification by Plant Growth Patterns Monocots vs. Dicots (NB. only applies to flowering plants - angiosperms) Binomial nomenclature e.g., Beetroot = Beta vulgaris Plantae, Angiosperms, Eudicots, Caryophyllales, Amaranthaceae, Betoideae, Beta, Beta vulgaris After morphological characters, scientists used enzymes and proteins to classify plants and hence to determine how related they were via evolution (phylogeny) Present day we use genetic data (DNA, RNA, mDNA, even chloroplast DNA) to produce phylogenetic trees Plant part modifications ● Brassica genus ● ● Roots (swede, turnips) ● Stems (kohl rabi) ● Leaves (cabbages, Brussels Sprouts-buds) ● Flowers (cauliflower, broccoli) ● Seeds (mustards, oil seed rape) Plant hormones / PGR's / phytohormones ● Chemicals present in very low concentrations that promote and influence the growth, development, and differentiation of cells and tissues. ● NB. differences to animal hormones! (no glands, no nervous system, no circulatory system, no specific mode of action) ● Not all plant cells respond to hormones, but those that do are programmed to respond at specific points in their growth cycle ● Five main classes of PGR's ● Abscisic acid (ABA) ● Role in abscission, winter bud dormancy (dormin) ● ABA-mediated signalling also plays an important part in plant responses to environmental stress and plant pathogens ● ABA is also produced in the roots in response to decreased water potential.
    [Show full text]
  • Gdch-Fachgruppe Geschichte Der Chemie, 4 (1990), S.46-47
    Mitteilungen Nr. 23 (2013) Beiträge G. Lattermann Vor- und frühgeschichtliche biopolymere (Werk-)Stoffe .................. 3 G. Görmar Jacob Waitz und Basilius Valentinus im Kloster Walkenried: Legende und Wirklichkeit ................................................................ 31 K.D. Röker Die „Jedermann-Chemie“ des Friedlieb Ferdinand Runge .............. 52 G. Schwedt C. R. Fresenius’ Mineralwasseranalytik am Beispiel der historischen „Mineralquelle zu Niederselters“ ................................. 71 H. Andreas Reinhold Hoffmann und sein Kommilitone August Kekulé ............ 86 D. Braun Marcelin Berthelot als erster Polymerforscher des neunzehnten Jahrhunderts ...................................................................................... 96 A. Martin Döbereiner und das Platin ............................................................... 107 S. Niese Die Entdeckung des Actiniums ...................................................... 129 R. Kießling Die Chemische Gesellschaft der DDR: Teil I ................................ 145 P. Hallpap Die Chemie an der Universität Jena in der Wende ......................... 176 Dokumentation und Information A. Kraft Alles aus Plaste – eine Ausstellung zum Kunststoffzeitalter ......... 198 Aus dem Fachgebiet ................................................................................................... 201 Stipendien und Preise ................................................................................................. 202 Eingesandte Neuerscheinungen .. ...............................................................................
    [Show full text]
  • Beets Beta Vulgaris
    Beets Beta vulgaris Entry posted by Yvonne Kerr Schick, Hamilton Horizons student in College Seminar 235 Food for Thought: The Science, Culture, and Politics of Food, Spring 2008. (Photo from flilkcr.com) Scientific Classification1 Kingdom: Plantae Division: Magnoliophyta Class: Magnoliopsida Order: Caryophyllales Family: Chenopodiaceae Genis: Beta Species: vulgaris Binomial name Beta vulgaris Etymology The beet is derived from the wild beet or sea beet (Beta maritima) which grows on the coasts of Eurasia.2 Ancient Greeks called the beet teutlion and used it for its leaves, both as a culinary herb and medicinally. The Romans also used the beet medicinally, but were the first to cultivate the plant for its root. They referred to the beet as beta.3 Common names for the beet include: beetroot, chard, European sugar beet, red garden beet, Harvard beet, blood turnip, maangelwurzel, mangel, and spinach beet. Botanical Description The beetroot, commonly called the beet, is a biennial plant that produces seeds the second year of growth and is usually grown as an annual for the fleshy root and young 1 Wikipedia Foundation, Inc., website: http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Beets. 2 A Modern Herbal website: http://www.botanical.com/botanical/mgmh/b/beetro28.html. 3 Health Diaries website: http://www.healthdiaries.com/eatthis/25-facts-about-beets.html. leaves. The Beta vulgaris has three basic varieties: chard, grown specifically for its leaves; beets, grown for its bulbous root, with edible leaves (with varieties in white, yellow and red roots); and sugar beets, grown for making sugar from the long, thick root. The beet is a root vegetable with purple-green variegated leaves.
    [Show full text]
  • Humic Substances in Ecosystems HSE9
    Humic substances in ecosystems HSE9 Polish Chapter of the IHSS (Polskie Towarzystwo Substancji Humusowych) Wroclaw 2012 1 Edited by Jerzy Drozd, Jerzy Weber, Elzbieta Jamroz and Jakub Bekier Polish Humic Substances Society© Monograph co financed by Ministry of Science and Higher Education Republic of Poland Wroclaw, Poland 2012 2 Contents Gudrun Abbt-Braun 4 30 Years of IHSS Yona Chen, Jorge Tarchitzky 26 Humic Substances and Soil Structure: Dispersing Agents or Stabilizers? Fritz H. Frimmel, Gudrun Abbt-Braun 43 Catching the Functionality of Refractory Organic Matter (ROM) Stephen Nortcliff 59 The Importance of Humic Substances in the European Soil Protection Strategy Claire Richard, Sabrina Halladja, Christian Coelho, Ghislain Guyot, Alexandra ter 72 Halle, Abdelaziz Boulkamh Environmental Impact of Humic Substances through their Interaction with Solar Light 3 30 Years of IHSS Gudrun Abbt-Braun Secretary of IHSS, Karlsruhe Institute of Technology (KIT), Engler-Bunte-Institute, Chair of Waterchemistr; E-mail: [email protected] The International Humic Substances Society (IHSS) was founded on September 11, 1981 in Denver, Colorado, and was officially incepted on January 1, 1982 (Fig. 1). This thirteenth anniversary marks a period of remarkable achievements. The contribution will focus on the period of the foundation, on the scientists involved and on the ongoing and current activities of today and of the future . International Humic Substances Society Figure 1. The official logo of the International Humic Substances Society. HISTORY, 16 TH TO 20 TH CENTURY The roots of the society are found at least more than two centuries ago. The beginning of the industrial revolution early in the 18th century is marked by a tremendous increase in science and technology.
    [Show full text]