SUGARBEET CROP GERMPLASM COMMITTEE REPORT ON THE STATUS OF BETA GERMPLASM IN THE UNITED STATES 2017 Lee Panella USDA-Agricultural Research Service Soil Management & Sugar Beet Research Unit Sugarbeet Research Program Crops Research Laboratory 1701 Centre Ave. Fort Collins, CO 80526-2083 Ph: 970.492.7140 Email: [email protected] SUGARBEET CGC REPORT STATUS OF BETA GERMPLASM IN U.S. Page i SUGARBEET CROP GERMPLASM COMMITTEE REPORT ON THE STATUS OF BETA GERMPLASM IN THE UNITED STATES TABLE OF CONTENTS TABLE OF CONTENTS .............................................................................................................ii Chapter 1 – THE BEET CROP AND SUGAR PROCESSING ...................................................... 1 Introduction to the Beet Crop ................................................................................................. 1 Uses and types..................................................................................................................... 1 Origin and adaptation .......................................................................................................... 1 Sugar processing history ..................................................................................................... 2 Consumption and production today .................................................................................... 2 Beet Production ........................................................................................................................ 3 Value ................................................................................................................................... 3 Production and acreage ....................................................................................................... 3 Growing Areas in the U.S. .................................................................................................. 3 The Upper Midwest Region ........................................................................................................ 3 Map of production areas by county ............................................................................................. 4 Great Lakes Region ..................................................................................................................... 4 Table – U.S. sugarbeet crops from 2004 through 2016: area planted, by State and region 1/...................................................................................................................................... 5 Table – U.S. sugarbeet crops from 2004 through 2016: production, by State and region 1/...................................................................................................................................... 6 Great Plains Region ..................................................................................................................... 7 Far West Region .......................................................................................................................... 7 Trends in production ........................................................................................................... 7 Sugar beet for biofuel production ....................................................................................... 8 Production of garden beets.................................................................................................. 8 Baby salad mix and Salad mix ............................................................................................ 8 Red beets grown for betalain dye ........................................................................................ 8 Value added products & genetically enhanced sugarbeet ................................................... 9 Chapter 2 – STATUS OF SUGARBEET CROP VULNERABILITY ............................................... 10 Sugarbeet Crop Vulnerability ............................................................................................... 10 Introduction ....................................................................................................................... 10 Original Germplasm.......................................................................................................... 10 Status of the sugarbeet crop vulnerability ......................................................................... 10 Reasons for vulnerability .................................................................................................. 10 Important sugarbeet diseases, & pests, ............................................................................ 11 Breeding for disease resistance ......................................................................................... 11 Cytoplasmic-genetic male sterility (CMS) ....................................................................... 11 Monogerm seed ................................................................................................................. 11 Single gene resistance to pests & diseases ........................................................................ 12 SUGARBEET CGC REPORT STATUS OF BETA GERMPLASM IN U.S. Page ii Implications of New Disease & Pathogen Biotypes .......................................................... 12 Curly top ........................................................................................................................... 12 Fungicide resistance in Cercospora .................................................................................. 12 Rhizomania ....................................................................................................................... 13 Powdery mildew ............................................................................................................... 13 Beet soilborne mosaic virus .............................................................................................. 13 New and emerging diseases .............................................................................................. 13 Erwinia .............................................................................................................................. 14 Chapter 3 – GERMPLASM ACTIVITIES IN THE UNITED STATES ............................................. 15 Section A: Historical Perspective ......................................................................................... 15 First breeding efforts ......................................................................................................... 15 USDA-ARS breeding efforts intensified .......................................................................... 15 Cooperative breeding efforts developed ........................................................................... 15 New emphasis of USDA-ARS breeding effort ................................................................. 16 Changes in the seed market............................................................................................... 16 Erosion of USDA-ARS support ........................................................................................ 16 University researchers ....................................................................................................... 16 Section B: Organizations Involved in Germplasm ............................................................ 17 Sugarbeet Crop Germplasm Committee (formerly CAC) .................................................... 17 Formation .......................................................................................................................... 17 Issues of concern to the Sugarbeet CGC........................................................................... 17 Accomplish-ments of the Sugar Beet CGC ...................................................................... 18 Beet Sugar Development Foundation ............................................................................... 19 Formation .......................................................................................................................... 19 Mission Statement ............................................................................................................. 19 Support of USDA-ARS research ...................................................................................... 19 Table of USDA-ARS and Public Institute Researchers with a Major Emphasis on Beta Germplasm ............................................................................................................................ 20 Screening of NPGS PI germplasm .................................................................................... 21 Personnel & Facilities of Sugar Beet Seed Companies in the U.S. ...................................... 21 Betaseed Inc. ..................................................................................................................... 21 SESVanderHave USA, Inc. .............................................................................................. 22 Syngenta Seeds Inc. .......................................................................................................... 23 Other seed companies in the U.S. market ......................................................................... 23 Section C: Sugarbeet Germplasm Research .................................................................... 24 USDA-ARS Germplasm-related Research ........................................................................... 24 East Lansing, Michigan ...................................................................................................