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USA Education Ph.D., Biology, Massachusetts Institute of Tech
Victor R. Ambros, Ph.D. Silverman Professor of Natural Sciences Program in Molecular Medicine University of Massachusetts Medical School373 Plantation Street, Suite 306 Worcester, MA 01605 (508) 856-6380 [email protected] Personal Born: Hanover, NH, USA on December 1, 1953 Citizenship: USA Education Ph.D., Biology, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, MA 1976-1979 Thesis Title: The protein covalently linked to the 5' end of poliovirus RNA Advisor: Dr. David Baltimore B.S., Biology, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, MA 1971-1975 Professional Appointments Silverman Professor of Natural Sciences 2009-present Co-Director, RNA Therapeutics Institute 2009-2016 Professor, Program in Molecular Medicine 2008-present University of Massachusetts Medical School, Worcester, MA Professor of Genetics, Dartmouth Medical School 2001-2007 Professor, Biological Sciences, Dartmouth Medical School 1996-2001 Associate Professor, Biological Sciences, Dartmouth Medical School 1992-1996 Associate Professor, Department of Cellular and Development Biology, 1988-1992 Harvard University, Cambridge, MA Assistant Professor, Department of Cellular and Development Biology, 1985-1988 Harvard University, Cambridge, MA Postdoctoral Research 1979-1985 Supervisor: Dr. H. Robert Horvitz Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, MA Graduate Research 1976-1979 Supervisor: Dr. David Baltimore Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, MA Research Assistant 1975-1976 Supervisor: Dr. David Baltimore Center for Cancer Research, -
Cancer-Milestones December 2020
www.nature.com/collections/cancer-milestones December 2020 Cancer Produced by: With support from: Nature Genetics and Nature Medicine Cancer MILESTONES S2 Foreword S3 Timeline S4 Routes to resistance S5 Tracking cancer in liquid biopsies S6 When cancer prevention went viral S7 A licence to kill S8 Sitting on the fence S9 Not a simple switch S10 Sequencing the secrets of the cancer genome S11 Unleashing the immune system against cancer S12 Engineering armed T cells for the fight S13 Oncohistones: epigenetic drivers of cancer S14 Tumour evolution: from linear paths to branched trees S15 Undruggable? Inconceivable S16 Good bacteria make for good cancer therapy S17 The AI revolution in cancer Credit: S.Fenwick/Springer Nature Limited CITING THE MILESTONES VISIT THE SUPPLEMENT ONLINE SUBSCRIPTIONS AND CUSTOMER SERVICES Nature Milestones in Cancer includes Milestone articles written The Nature Milestones in Cancer supplement can be found at Springer Nature, Subscriptions, by our editors and an online Collection of previously published www.nature.com/collections/cancer-milestones Cromwell Place, Hampshire International Business Park, material. To cite the full project, please use Nature Milestones: Lime Tree Way, Basingstoke, Cancer https://www.nature.com/collections/cancer-milestones CONTRIBUTING JOURNALS Hampshire RG24 8YJ, UK (2020). Should you wish to cite any of the individual Milestones, BMC Cancer, Nature, Nature Cancer, Nature Communications, Tel: +44 (0) 1256 329242 please list Author, A. Title. Nature Milestones: Cancer <Article URL> Nature Genetics, Nature Medicine, Nature Reviews Cancer, [email protected] (2020). For example, Milestone 1 is Valtierra, I. Routes to resistance. Nature Reviews Clinical Oncology, Nature Reviews Drug Discovery, Customer serviCes: www.nature.com/help Nature Milestones: Cancer https://www.nature.com/articles/ Nature Reviews Gastroenterology & Hepatology, d42859-020-00069-6 (2020). -
Understanding Biological Design from Synthetic Circuits
REVIEWS MODELLING Synthetic biology: understanding biological design from synthetic circuits Shankar Mukherji* and Alexander van Oudenaarden‡ Abstract | An important aim of synthetic biology is to uncover the design principles of natural biological systems through the rational design of gene and protein circuits. Here, we highlight how the process of engineering biological systems — from synthetic promoters to the control of cell–cell interactions — has contributed to our understanding of how endogenous systems are put together and function. Synthetic biological devices allow us to grasp intuitively the ranges of behaviour generated by simple biological circuits, such as linear cascades and interlocking feedback loops, as well as to exert control over natural processes, such as gene expression and population dynamics. 10–12 Modularity One of the most astounding findings of the Human potential clinical applications . In this Review, however, A property of a system such Genome Project was that our genome contains as many we focus on how synthetic circuits help us to under- that it can be broken down into genes as that of Drosophila melanogaster. This finding stand how natural biological systems are genetically discrete subparts that perform begged the question: how do you get one organism to assembled and how they operate in organisms from specific tasks independently of look like a fly and another like a human with the same microbes to mammalian cells. In this light, synthetic the other subparts. number of genes? One possibility is that the rich rep- circuits have been crucial as simplified test beds in Bioremediation ertoire of non-protein-coding sequences found in the which to refine our ideas of how similarly structured The treatment of pollution with genomes of complex organisms adds many new parts natural networks function, and they have served as microorganisms. -
Profile of Gary Ruvkun
PROFILE Profile of Gary Ruvkun wash in the faint glow of a fluo- Brush with Molecular Biology rescent lamp, a pair of serpentine The story of Ruvkun’s metamorphosis Anematode worms lie on a Petri from a keen undergraduate into a leading plate, their see-through bodies light in his field of study begins at Har- magnified 100-fold by one of several vard University, where he enrolled in microscopes arrayed in a darkened bay in a Ph.D. program in 1976 upon returning National Academy of Sciences member to the United States. Like many other Gary Ruvkun’s laboratory at Massachu- scientific institutions across the world in setts General Hospital. While one of the the mid-1970s, Harvard was astir with the worms wiggles its way around the plate, promise of recombinant DNA technol- the other shows no signs of life, ogy, and Ruvkun wasted no time em- its midsection ruptured and its innards bracing its tools. “My undergraduate strewn asunder. A filter slides into place, education had not prepared me at all for and the worms are bathed in a dull recombinant DNA, but I immersed my- green haze. The wiggling worm has a bea- self into its culture at Harvard, much of con of nerve cells in its head, the ganglia which was James Watson’s creation from lit up by a genetic trick that has rescued a decade earlier,” Ruvkun says. Propelled the worm from death; its neighbor wears Gary Ruvkun. by a desire to be a part of the culture of no such beacon. The worms were deprived basic molecular biology, all while per- of a tiny RNA molecule, called a micro- forming science with the potential to im- RNA, which helps shepherd them through not 5-year-old children. -
Michael Lynch
1 Michael Lynch Center for Mechanisms of Evolution, Biodesign Institute Arizona State University Tempe, AZ 85287 Phone: 480-965-0868 Email: [email protected] Birth: 6 December 1951, Auburn, New York Undergraduate education: St. Bonaventure University, Biology - B.S., 1973. Graduate education: University of Minnesota, Ecology and Behavioral Biology - Ph.D., 1977 (advisor: J. Shapiro). Areas of Interest and Research: The integration of molecular and cellular biology, genetics, and evolution; population and quantitative genetics; molecular, genomic, and phenotypic evolution. Select Professional Activities and Service: Director, Biodesign Center for Mechanisms of Evolution, Arizona State University, 2017 – present. Professor, School of Life Sciences, Arizona State University, 2017 – present. Class of 1954 Professor, 2011 – 2017. Distinguished Professor, Indiana University, 2005 – 2017. Professor; Biology, Indiana University, 2001 – 2004. Adjunct Professor, Computer Science, Indiana University, 2014 – 2017. Adjunct Professor, Physics, Indiana University, 2015 – 2017. Professor; Biology, University of Oregon, 1989 – 2001. Director, Ecology and Evolution Program, Univ. of Oregon, 1989 – 1993, 1996 – 2000. Asst., Assoc., Full Professor; Ecology, Ethology, and Evolution; University of Illinois, 1977 – 1989. Co-director, NSF IGERT Training Grant in Evolution, Development, and Genomics, 1999 – 2004. Director, NSF Genetic Mechanisms of Evolution Training Grant, 1990 – 2000. President, Genetics Society of America, 2013. President, Society for Molecular Biology and Evolution, 2009. President, American Genetic Association, 2007. President, Society for the Study of Evolution, 2000. Chair-elect, Section on Biological Sciences American Association for the Advancement of Science, 2017-2020. Vice-president, Genetics Society of America, 2012. Vice-president, Society for the Study of Evolution, 1994. Council Member, Society for the Study of Evolution, 1991 – 1993. -
2008 Harvard / Paul F
The 2008 Harvard / Paul F. Glenn Symposium on Aging June 23, 2008 Paul F. Glenn Laboratories for the Biological Mechanisms of Aging Welcome to the 3rd Annual Harvard/Paul F. Glenn Symposium on Aging. Each year, the Paul F. Glenn Laboratories host the Harvard Symposium on Aging with a mission to educate the wider research community about advancements in this fast-paced field and to stimulate collaborative research in this area. We have been fortunate to have many of the leaders in the aging field speak at these symposia. As a result, attendees come not only from the Harvard research community but from across the nation and from overseas for this one day event. We are glad you could join us here today. The reasons for accelerating research molecular biology of aging are clear. First and foremost, the number of aged individuals in developed countries is growing rapidly, which is going to place an unprecedented burden on the families and the economies of those nations. Because chronic illness in the elderly is a major medical cost, enormous savings would be achieved if mortality and morbidity could be compressed within a shorter duration of time at the end of life. A study by the RAND Corporation in 2006 concluded that advances in medicine arising from aging research would be 10-100 times more cost-effective than any other medical breakthrough. Advances in aging research have shown that it is possible to extend the healthy lifespan of laboratory animals through genetic and pharmacological means. Many leaders in the aging field predict that significant strides will be made in understanding how human health and lifespan are regulated, leading to novel medicines to forestall and treat diseases of aging such as diabetes, cancer, Alzheimer’s and heart disease. -
Signature Redacted Certified By: __Signature Redacted
Genetic Regulation of Cell Extrusion in Caenorhabditis elegans By Vivek Kumar Dwivedi M. Tech. Biochemical Engineering and Biotechnology Indian Institute of Technology Delhi, 2012 Submitted to the Department of Biology in Partial Fulfillment of the Requirements for the Degree of Doctor of Philosophy at the Massachusetts Institute of Technology June 2019 2019 Massachusetts Institute of Technology. All rights reserved. The author hereby grants to MIT permission to reproduce and to distribute publicly paper and electronic copies of this thesis document in whole or in part in any medium now known or hereafter created. Signature redacted Signature of Author: Department of Biology, May 28, 2019 Certified by: __Signature redacted H. Roiert Horvitz Professor of Biology Thesis Supervisor Accepted by: Signature redacted MASSACHUSETS INSTITUTE Amy . eag OF TECHNOLOGY- Professor of Biology Graduate Committee MAY 312 Co-Chair, Biology LIBRARIES ARCHIVES 1 Genetic Regulation of Cell Extrusion in Caenorhabditis elegans by Vivek Kumar Dwivedi Submitted to the MIT Department of Biology on May 28, 2019 in Partial Fulfillment of the Requirements for the Degree of Doctor of Philosophy in Biology Abstract Programmed elimination of cells occurs during animal development and homeostasis to maintain appropriate cell numbers. One evolutionarily conserved method by which organisms eliminate cells in a programmed manner is by cell- autonomous activation of the caspase-mediated apoptosis pathway, which produces a corpse that is engulfed and degraded by phagocytic cells. Cell elimination can also occur by a different method, called cell extrusion, in which the cell to be eliminated is squeezed out from a layer of cells, such as an epithelium. -
Towards Population-Scale Long-Read Sequencing
REVIEWS Towards population-scale long-read sequencing Wouter De Coster 1,2,5, Matthias H. Weissensteiner3,5 and Fritz J. Sedlazeck 4 ✉ Abstract | Long-read sequencing technologies have now reached a level of accuracy and yield that allows their application to variant detection at a scale of tens to thousands of samples. Concomitant with the development of new computational tools, the first population-scale studies involving long-read sequencing have emerged over the past 2 years and, given the continuous advancement of the field, many more are likely to follow. In this Review, we survey recent developments in population-scale long-read sequencing, highlight potential challenges of a scaled-up approach and provide guidance regarding experimental design. We provide an overview of current long-read sequencing platforms, variant calling methodologies and approaches for de novo assemblies and reference-based mapping approaches. Furthermore, we summarize strategies for variant validation, genotyping and predicting functional impact and emphasize challenges remaining in achieving long-read sequencing at a population scale. Genome-wide association Sequencing the DNA or mRNA of multiple individuals These studies highlighted that a substantial proportion studies of one or more species (that is, population-scale sequenc- of hidden variation can be discovered with long-read (GWAS). Studies involving a ing) aims to identify genetic variation at a population sequencing. Indeed, recent long-read sequencing stud- statistical approach in genetics level to address questions in the fields of evolutionary, ies of Icelandic and Chinese populations have already to identify variants that correlate with a certain agricultural and medical research. Previous popula- identified previously undetected variants associated with 11,12 phenotype (for example, a tion studies, including genome-wide association studies height, cholesterol level and anaemia . -
How We Are Evolving New Analyses Suggest That Recent Human Evolution Has Followed a Di!Erent Course Than Biologists Would Have Expected
XXXXXXXX 40 Scientific American, October 2010 Photograph/Illustration by Artist Name © 2010 Scientific American Jonathan K. Pritchard is professor of human genetics at the University of Chicago and a Howard Hughes Medical Institute investigator. He studies genetic variation within and between human populations and the processes that led to this variation. E VO LU T I O N How We Are Evolving New analyses suggest that recent human evolution has followed a di!erent course than biologists would have expected By Jonathan K. Pritchard IN BRIEF As early Homo sapiens spread out from Many scientists thus expected that sur- ural selection—that is, because those nome contains some examples of very Africa starting around 60,000 years ago, veys of our genomes would reveal con- who carry the mutations have greater strong, rapid natural selection, most of they encountered environmental chal- siderable evidence of novel genetic mu- numbers of healthy babies than those the detectable natural selection appears lenges that they could not overcome tations that have recently spread quickly who do not. to have occurred at a far slower pace with prehistoric technology. ïà¹ù¹ùïmyày´ïȹÈù¨Dï¹´åUĂ´Dï- But it turns out that although the ge- than researchers had envisioned. Illustrations by Owen Gildersleeve October 2010, ScientificAmerican.com 41 © 2010 Scientific American !"#$%&'$ "( )*%+$ %," !#-%&$ -".*' ("+ /!* in technologies for studying genetic variation, we were able to first time into the Tibetan plateau, a vast ex- begin to address these questions. panse of steppelands that towers some 14,000 The work is still under way, but the preliminary findings have feet above sea level. -
Dr. Paul Janssen Award for Biomedical Research Issues 2015
Press Contacts: Dr. Paul Janssen Award for Biomedical Research Issues Seema Kumar 2015 Call for Nominations 908-405-1144 (M) [email protected] New Brunswick, N.J. – January 21, 2015 – The Dr. Paul Janssen Award for Diane Pressman Biomedical Research today opens its 2015 call for nominations. This prestigious 908-927-6171 (O) award recognizes individuals whose scientific research has made, or has the [email protected] potential to make, significant contributions toward the improvement of human Frederik Wittock health. Nominations will be accepted until March 15, 2015 at +32 14 60 57 24 (O) www.pauljanssenaward.com for consideration by an independent selection [email protected] committee of world renowned scientists. Beginning in 2015, the cash prize awarded to the scientist or group of scientists receiving the Award will be increased to $200,000. This increase in the monetary award reflects the growing importance of basic biomedical research, and continued recognition by Johnson & Johnson of excellence in the field. The Dr. Paul Janssen Award for Biomedical Research honors Dr. Paul Janssen (1926-2003), who is widely recognized as one of the most productive scientists of the 20th century. Known throughout the scientific community as “Dr. Paul,” Janssen was responsible for breakthrough treatments in disease areas including pain management, psychiatry, infectious disease and gastroenterology, and founded Janssen Pharmaceutica, N.V., a Johnson & Johnson Company. “Innovative science and technology have the power to transform the world,” said Paul Stoffels, M.D., Chief Scientific Officer and Worldwide Chairman, Pharmaceuticals, Johnson & Johnson. “Through the Dr. Paul Janssen Award for Biomedical Research, Johnson & Johnson honors the inspirational legacy of Dr. -
Measuring the Societal Impact of Open Science – Presentation of a Research Project
InformaatiotutkimusKATSAUS 34(4), 2015 Holmberg et al: Measuring... 1 Holmberg, K.*,1, Didegah, F. 1, Bowman, S. 1, Bowman, T.D. 1, & Kortelainen, T.2 Measuring the societal impact of open science – Presentation of a research project Address: 1Research Unit for the Sociology of Education, University of Turku 2Information Studies, University of Oulu Email: *[email protected] Introduction data, and 2) investigate novel quantitative indica- tors of research impact to incentivize researchers Research assessment has become increasingly in adopting the open science movement. important—especially in these economically challenging times—as funders of research try to Assessing impact of research identify researchers, research groups, and uni- versities that are most deserving of the limited Two approaches have traditionally been used to funds. The goal of any research assessment is to assess research impact: (1) assessments based on discover research that is of the highest quality and citations and (2) assessments based on publica- therefore more deserving of funding. As quality is tion venues. Both approaches have issues that are very difficult and time-consuming to assess and well-documented (e.g., Vanclay, 2012). Citations can be highly subjective, other approaches have have been found to not always reflect quality or been preferred for assessment purposes (especially intellectual debt as they can be created for many when assessing big data). Research assessments different reasons, some of which do not reflect usually focus on evaluating the level of impact a the scientific value of the cited article (Borgman research product has made; impact is therefore & Furner, 2002). In addition citations can take a used as a proxy for quality. -
Denkanstöße 5/2021
Denkanstöße 5 aus der Akademie Juli/2021 Eine Schriftenreihe der Berlin-Brandenburgischen Akademie der Wissenschaften Andreas Radbruch und Konrad Reinhart (Hrsg.) NACHHALTIGE MEDIZIN Berlin-Brandenburgische Akademie der Wissenschaften (BBAW) NACHHALTIGE MEDIZIN NACHHALTIGE MEDIZIN Andreas Radbruch und Konrad Reinhart (Hrsg.) Denkanstöße 5/Juli 2021 Herausgeber: Der Präsident der Berlin-Brandenburgischen Akademie der Wissenschaften Redaktion: Elke Luger, Roman Marek und Ute Tintemann Grafik: angenehme gestaltung/Thorsten Probst Druck: PIEREG Druckcenter Berlin GmbH © Berlin-Brandenburgische Akademie der Wissenschaften, 2021 Jägerstraße 22–23, 10117 Berlin, www.bbaw.de Lizenz: CC-BY-NC-SA ISBN: 978-3-949455-00-1 INHALTSVERZEICHNIS Vorwort ....................................................................... 7 Christoph Markschies Einführung in das Thema ...................................................... 9 Britta Siegmund, Max Löhning, Detlev Ganten und Roman M. Marek Einleitung – Wie kann Medizin „nachhaltig“ sein? ............................15 Andreas Radbruch und Konrad Reinhart NACHHALTIGE BIOMEDIZINISCHE FORSCHUNG Nachhaltigkeit in der Medizin: Einzelzellanalysen in Diagnostik und Therapie ................................20 Nikolaus Rajewsky Regenerative Therapien ......................................................26 Hans-Dieter Volk und Petra Reinke ‚genomDE’ – Eine Chance für die deutsche Genommedizin und -forschung ...............................................32 Karl Sperling und Hans-Hilger Ropers Gesundheit neu denken: