2013 ( 9) ( 35 ) _ Tishreen University Journal for Research and Scientific Studies - Biological Sciences Series Vol. (35) No. (9) 2013
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2013 ( 9) ( 35 ) _ Tishreen University Journal for Research and Scientific Studies - Biological Sciences Series Vol. (35) No. (9) 2013
Antibacterial Activity of Origanum Syriacum L. Essential Oil against Some Pathogenic Bacteria
Dr. Asmahan Zinab * Dr. Afifa Issa **
(Received 5 / 2 / 2013. Accepted 15 / 12 /2013 )
ABSTRACT
In the present study, essential oil taken from the leaves of Origanum syriacum L. (Lamiaceae) growing in Al-Basset mountain forests was obtained by a steam distillation method. The antibacterial activities of the essential oil were also tested on 11 pathogenic bacteria using the Agar well diffusion method. The results showed that the oil has antibacterial activities on all isolated pathogenic Gram positive and Gram negative bacteria at low concentrations: (2-5-10) µl/well. These activities were better than some antibiotics that are used as control at high concentrations (25-30) µg/disc. The results also showed that the inhibition zones greatly increased with the increase of oil concentration three folds or more from 2 to 20 µl/well. . Given these results, it is possible to say that the essential oil taken from the leaves of Origanum syriacum L. has high antibacterial activities against broad spectrum of pathogenic bacteria.
Keywords: Origanum syriacum L., essential oil, pathogenic bacteria, antibacterial activity
*Associate Professor, Department of Botany, Faculty of Science, Tishreen University, Lattakia, Syria ** Associate Professor, department of Botany, Faculty of Science, Tishreen University, Lattakia, Syria
10 10 Tishreen University Journal. Bio. Sciences Series 2013 ( )9 99D ( 35 ) 91 01 D , 0D1 01
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12 12 Tishreen University Journal. Bio. Sciences Series 2013 ( )9 99D ( 35 ) 91 01 D , 0D1 01
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." O ! $ 3 ( 1) C 0D 9 0B A 1 Escherichia coli Proteus vulgaris 9 9 Klebsiella pneumoniae 9 9 Salmonella sp. Enterobacter cloacae Serratia marcescens 9A E Pseudomonas aeruginosa -E: G Streptococcus faecalis -N , -/9 H Streptococcus pneumoniae 9 9 Staphylococcus aureus Staphylococcus albus
14 14 Tishreen University Journal. Bio. Sciences Series 2013 ( )9 99D ( 35 ) 91 01 D , 0D1 01
: ! $ 3 " AB Origanum syriacum L. " Y Z ! B -. well E 8 , F 0<2 -B 9 4 0 D A 1 Z ? 0. 8 : .(Dorman and Deans, 2000; Bouhdid et al ., 2008) Mueller Hinton agar (Merck) 2 B / ., 0D1 D 0N -. 0 = < -D i : -. 0 9 @4Y 18
Nutrient agar (Merck) 2 0 A1 0 4:C 7 0 D A 1 a N ¯D B McFarland Standard 9FEN 0.5 =N Z2 / -. Inhibition zones L ¯2 J6 ? 7 0 24 =9 ° 37 019 -. B 8 A 7- ZJ 9D 2A 23 1 7 (AlPMaqtari et al ., 2011) - A1 2A 9 E 8 . N 0A5A L3 01 18 70 =2 02 B . . S!# S! c G $ ( 2) C Antibiotic Code: concentration 1- Cephalothin KF: 30 µg 2- Cefaclor CEC: 30 µg 3- Amikacin AK: 30 µg 4- Chloramphenicol C: 30 µg 5- Sulfaprime SXT: 25 µg :D " dV " : ! $ 3 = "Z " AB %G !# 3e dV " N 99 N N, 9 9 0B A 1 Z ? =9B 0 DE ( 3) 91 B 9 9 - A1 9 0< 23 -. =9 =E 8 / N 20 N 2 N 0 DE 9 N aE AC -. =9 E8 4(. ) N, -. 0 B AN ;DB i5A ? EDB Proteus vulgaris 0DH, 0< A 1 L N ZA F . =E 8 N -. 0N 99 0 N B 0 < N - Pseudomonas aeroginosa 01 0EH A 1 -. .2<. 12 10 2< =E 8 / N 20 2<. - D N -. AC ( N 15 P 10 P 5 P )2 N 2 N -. 01 0EH A 1 -. A 7 E - a N -. 18 0 9 9B AC 9 0< 23 7 (Alma et al. , 2003) 22 9 0< 2< -. 0 9 - . 7 4( ) 9 1 -. Y N 7 3/ / N 30 N - 25 20 N 15 15 7[ 0B A 1 D Z ? 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( #) Y Z ! %G !# 3e () A3 " W3 WD 9 W )3( C / / 0B A 1 20 µl 15 µl 10 µl 5 µl 2 µl =E 8 /N 74 70 63 58 33 * Escherichia coli 10 0 0 0 0 Proteus vulgaris 65 60 55 50 24 Klebsiella pneumoniae 58 55 49 46 22 Salmonella sp. 57 50 44 40 17 Enterobacter cloacae 46 42 34 27 10 Serratia marcescens 12 0 0 0 0 Pseudomonas aeruginosa 44 41 34 27 11 Streptococcus faecalis 48 45 38 30 20 Streptococcus pneumoniae 42 40 32 25 12 Staphylococcus aureus 41 39 30 22 10 Staphylococcus albus ( - A1 9 0< 2A 23 2 ) • 16 16 Tishreen University Journal. Bio. Sciences Series 2013 ( )9 99D ( 35 ) 91 01 D , 0D1 01 Streptococcus 0 H N Streptococcus faecalis 0 09 . . $ 3 AB (A 6 S # : M" ) $ W3 WD9 4( ) C 0 9B 9 0< 23 9B N 0B A 1 - 1? 9Y,N =< < -. AK = 22 mm 30 g Escherichia coli AK = 20 mm 30 g Proteus vulgaris SXT= 17 mm 25 g Klebsiella pneumoniae AK= 20 mm 30 g Salmonella sp. SXT= 19 mm 25 g Enterobacter cloacae SXT= 17 mm 25 g Serratia marcescens AK= 25 mm 30 g Pseudomonas aeruginosa CEC= 18 mm 30 g Streptococcus faecalis C= 22 mm 30 g Streptococcus pneumoniae KF= 25 mm 30 g Staphylococcus aureus CEC= 30 mm 30 g Staphylococcus albus 0 9B AC N 0B A 1 -. AC GH B >: 0 9 GH L GH @4Y <. 7 0BE: N -1? 9Y,N 0 9 -. 09: 4J Z ? A 1 ;2 4J =9B 0 DE 9 D 7 (Sokovi ć et al ., 2010) 0 JE - γPterpinen thymol carvacrol JY 0 E N V [NV (Lambert et al ., 2001; Alma et al ., .0B / 0M 0 / 0M 01 A 1 =9B 9 [: 2 A 1 -. 9 I -2A DE 0 n >D8 2003; Lakis et al ., 2012) 9 c : 0 : 09, 04 E =9 A 7 0 A1 0 : 05 0,/ -. 09 . . (Oyedemi et al ., 2009) 0: 17 17 7[ 0B A 1 D Z ? Origanum syriacum L. 0 N 9B 0 DE A3 " W3 WD9 ( 4) C# : : O "g AC 4 Origanum syriacum L. (Lamiaceae ) ¯ i GH J6 4 .=E 8 / N ( 10 P5P2) 03 N 0 D 0B A 1 L1 =9B 0 0 D. I - 7 / 0M 0 01 A 1 Z ? 0 DE 9 -. K J 9K ¯ N N L 0 9 Z 1 < 9 F GH @4Y K352 . N 99 A 1 -2A DE 9 9 -. 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