DOCSLIB.ORG

Effects of Crude Leaf Extracts of Ficus Thonningii

Total Page：16

File Type：pdf, Size：1020Kb

Download full-text PDF Read full-text
Effects of Crude Leaf Extracts of Ficus Thonningii EFFECTS OF CRUDE LEAF EXTRACTS OF FICUS THONNINGII ON GROWTH, GASTROINTESTINAL MORPHOMETRY AND CLINICAL BIOCHEMISTRY OF SUCKLING SPRAGUE DAWLEY RATS Rachael Dangarembizi A thesis submitted to the Faculty of Health Sciences, University of the Witwatersrand, in fulfillment of the requirements for the degree of Master of Science in Medicine Johannesburg, 2012 DECLARATION I declare that this dissertation is my own work, with the aid of the acknowledged persons. This dissertation is being submitted for the degree of Master of Science in Medicine in the Faculty of Health Sciences at the University of the Witwatersrand, Johannesburg. It has not been submitted before for any degree or examination at this or any other University. All procedures used in this dissertation were approved by the Animal Ethics screening Committee of the University of the Witwatersrand (AESC number 2011/22/2A). ………………………………… ………day of…………………2012 ii DEDICATION To my loving family, who have stood behind me in all my endeavours. To my supervisors, colleagues and friends: for the tireless support and motivation. To my late mother and my best friend: This is just one step up, the goal gets nearer and nearer with each coming day. iii ABSTRACT Ficus thonningii is a nutraceutical that is extensively used in ethnomedicine. Nursing mothers use F. thonningii leaves as nutritional and medicinal supplements and are at risk of exposing their infants to its constituent phytochemicals. The exposure of the sensitive neonatal gastrointestinal tract (GIT) to these phytochemicals can result in irreversible changes in growth and development. The objectives of this study were to determine the effects of crude F. thonningii extracts on; growth, morphology and morphometry of the abdominal viscera and clinical biochemistry of neonatal rats. Forty, suckling Sprague Dawley rats of either sex were randomly divided into 5 groups. Each group was orally gavaged once daily with either low (50 mg/kg b.w) or high (500 mg/kg b.w) doses of aqueous or methanolic extracts of F. thonningii , for 7 days. The control rats received distilled water. The pups were euthanased and tissues were collected and weighed. Samples of the liver, caecum and proximal small intestine were preserved and processed for histology. Plasma biochemical parameters were analysed colorimetrically. Data was presented as means + SD. F. thonningii extracts exhibited trophic effects on the stomach and ceacal mucosa of rats but had no significant growth-promoting effects on the small intestine and visceral organs. Histological analysis of the intestine, liver and caeca revealed no mucosal damage. Clinical chemistry parameters were not abnormally altered. There was a significant decrease (p<0.05, ANOVA) in the plasma concentrations of basal (non-fasting) glucose in the pups iv on the high methanolic extracts. However, the triglyceride and cholesterol levels were unaltered by the treatments. The findings suggest that F. thonningii extracts exhibit trophic effects on the mucosal layers of the stomach and caecum. F. thonningii extracts also possess glucose-lowering activity. At low doses, F. thonningii extracts can be safely used without the risk of any disruption in the structural integrity of the neonatal rat GIT and function of the liver and kidneys. v ACKNOWLEDGEMENTS First and foremost, I would like to thank the Lord for His guidance and for opening windows of opportunity in my life. I am deeply indebted to my supervisors Mr Eliton Chivandi and Assoc. Professor Kennedy Erlwanger for their guidance, constant encouragement and tireless support. This work wouldn’t have been successful without your invaluable assistance. I am sincerely grateful to my colleagues Davison Moyo, Zinhle Gasa, Trevor Nyakudya and Janine Donaldson for assisting throughout the course of my studies. A heartful thanks goes to Margaret Badenhorst for offering her technical help in processing tissues for histology. Special thanks also goes to John and Sandra Burrows, Walter Barker and Donald McCallum for assistance with species identification. I would like to thank the CAS staff; Amelia Rammekwa, Lorraine Setimo and Nico Douths for the technical assistance rendered during my animal studies. I would like to express my sincere gratitude to the University of the Witwatersrand, the National Research Foundation and the National University of Science and Technology (NUST) for sponsorship that made this work possible. I am obliged to the Dean and staff at the Faculty of Medicine (NUST) for their continued support throughout the course of my study. vi Last but not least I owe my sincere and earnest gratitude to my family and friends for the support, love and encouragement throughout the course of my study. My most sincere gratitude goes to my best friend Bright for the unwavering support and motivation in all my endeavours. vii TABLE OF CONTENTS DECLARATION ................................................................................................................. ii DEDICATION .................................................................................................................... iii ABSTRACT ........................................................................................................................ iv ACKNOWLEDGEMENTS ............................................................................................... vi LIST OF FIGURES .......................................................................................................... xiii LIST OF TABLES ............................................................................................................ xiv LIST OF ABBREVIATIONS ........................................................................................... xv CHAPTER 1-INTRODUCTION AND LITERATURE REVIEW ................................ 1 1.0. Background ............................................................................................................. 2 1.1. Ficus thonningii ....................................................................................................... 3 1.1.1. Botany and Taxonomy ............................................................................................ 3 1.2. Biochemistry ........................................................................................................... 5 1.2.1. Nutritional value ...................................................................................................... 5 1.2.2. Phytochemical composition .................................................................................... 7 1.2.2.1. Flavonoids ............................................................................................................... 7 1.2.2.2. Tannins .................................................................................................................... 8 1.2.2.3. Alkaloids ................................................................................................................. 9 1.2.2.4. Terpenoids ............................................................................................................... 9 1.2.2.5. Essential oils .......................................................................................................... 10 1.2.2.6. Other phytochemicals ............................................................................................ 10 1.3. Ethnomedicinal uses .............................................................................................. 11 viii 1.3.1. Leaves .................................................................................................................... 11 1.3.2. Stem Bark .............................................................................................................. 12 1.3.3. Roots ...................................................................................................................... 12 1.3.4. Latex ...................................................................................................................... 13 1.3.5. Uses of F. thonningii in combination with other plants ........................................ 13 1.4. Phytopharmacology ............................................................................................... 14 1.4.1. Antimicrobial activity............................................................................................ 14 1.4.1.1. Antibacterial effects .............................................................................................. 14 1.4.1.2. Antiprotozoal properties ........................................................................................ 17 1.4.1.3. Antifungal effects .................................................................................................. 18 1.4.2. Anthelmintic properties ......................................................................................... 19 1.4.3. Antioxidant activity ............................................................................................... 19 1.4.4. Analgesic effects ................................................................................................... 20 1.4.5. Anti-inflammatory effects ..................................................................................... 21 1.4.6. Cardioprotective effects ........................................................................................ 21 1.4.7. Hypoglycemic effects ............................................................................................ 22 1.4.8. Antidiarrheal effects .............................................................................................
Load more

Recommended publications
  • The Effects of Crude Ficus Thonningii Stem-Bark Extract on High-Fructose Diet Fed Growing Sprague Dawley Rats
    THE EFFECTS OF CRUDE FICUS THONNINGII STEM-BARK EXTRACT ON HIGH-FRUCTOSE DIET FED GROWING SPRAGUE DAWLEY RATS Yvonne Mhosva A dissertation submitted to the Faculty of Health Sciences, University of Witwatersrand, School of Physiology in fulfilment of the requirements for the degree of Master of Science in Medicine. Johannesburg, 2019 DECLARATION I, Yvonne Mhosva, declare that this dissertation is my own unaided work. Where work from other sources has been used; it has been appropriately acknowledged. It is being submitted for the degree of Master of Science in Medicine at the University of the Witwatersrand, Johannesburg, South Africa. It has not been submitted before for any degree or examination at any other University. I confirm that all the experimental procedures used in this dissertation were approved by the Animal Ethics Screening Committee of the University of the Witwatersrand (AESC number: 2016/03/13/B). __________________________ Yvonne Mhosva Signed on the _________6th day of ______________April 20________20 ii DEDICATION To my loving and supportive siblings, To my supervisors, colleagues, and friends for the motivation and tireless support. iii PRESENTATIONS ARISING FROM THIS STUDY Yvonne Mhosva, Trevor Nyakudya and Eliton Chivandi (2018). Effect of Ficus thonningii stem-bark extract on liver mass, hepatic lipid content and plasma triglyceride levels in fructose-fed Sprague Dawley rats. The First Conference of Biomedical and Natural Sciences and Therapeutics (CoBNeST), Spier Conference Centre, Stellenbosch, South Africa, 7-12th October 2018. iv ABSTRACT The consumption of fructose-rich diets is one of the causes of the global increase in the prevalence of obesity and metabolic derangements (MD) in children.
    [Show full text]
  • Ficus Microcarpa Chinese Banyan Moraceae
    Ficus microcarpa Chinese banyan Moraceae Forest Starr, Kim Starr, and Lloyd Loope United States Geological Survey--Biological Resources Division Haleakala Field Station, Maui, Hawai'i January, 2003 OVERVIEW Ficus microcarpa is a popular ornamental tree grown widely in many tropical regions of the world. The pollinator wasp has been introduced to a number of places where the tree is cultivated, including Hawai'i, allowing this species to spread beyond initial plantings. F. microcarpa is a notorious invader in Hawai'i, Florida, Bermuda, and from Central to South America. Tiny seeds within small sized fruit are ingested by many fruit eating animals, such as birds. Seeds are capable of germinating and growing almost anywhere they land, even in cracks in concrete or in the crotch of other trees. The small seedling begins to grow on its host, sending down aerial roots, and eventually strangling and replacing the host tree or structure. In Hawai'i, most of the main islands are infested with F. microcarpa. Typically, this species invades disturbed urban sites to degraded secondary forests in areas nearby initial plantings. It has recently been observed growing on native wiliwili (Erythrina sandwicense) in lowland dry forests of Maui. On the main islands of Hawai'i, rapid containment once inside natural area boundaries may be the only feasible action, given the widespread distribution. On Midway Atoll, the wasp was introduced later than on the main islands and, as a result, F. microcarpa has only recently begun to spread there. With limited distribution, control here seems more feasible than on the main islands. To decrease the potential for this species to spread, it should not be introduced to new areas and could be removed in natural areas where it is limited in distribution.
    [Show full text]
  • Aerial Roots of Ficus Microcarpa Phelloderm
    "Chinese Banyan grows Aerial roots of ‘rapidly with but little care, its Ficus microcarpa foliage is of a glossy green Mathew Pryor and Li Wei colour, and it soon affords an agreeable shade from the fierce rays of the sun, which renders it particularly valuable in a place like Hong-kong’." Robert Fortune, (1852). A Journey to the Tea Countries of China Section of flexible aerial root of Ficus microcarpa This article reports on a study to The distribution and growth of aerial since the beginning of the colonial investigate the nature of aerial roots in roots was observed to be highly variable, period,2 and was used almost exclusively Chinese banyan trees, Ficus microcarpa, but there was a clear link between for this purpose until the 1870s.3 The and the common belief that their growth and high levels of atmospheric botanist Robert Fortune noted, as early presence and growth is associated with humidity. The anatomical structure of as 1852,4 that the Banyan grew ‘rapidly wet atmospheric conditions. the aerial roots suggests that while with but little care, its foliage is of a aerial roots could absorb water under glossy green colour, and it soon affords First, the form and distribution of free- certain conditions, their growth was an agreeable shade from the fierce rays hanging aerial roots on eight selected generated from water drawn from of the sun, which renders it particularly Ficus microcarpa trees growing in a terrestrial roots via trunk and branches, valuable in a place like Hong-kong’. public space in Hong Kong, were mapped and that the association with humid Even the Hongkong Governor, in 1881, on their form and distribution.
    [Show full text]
  • Macaques ( Macaca Leonina ): Impact on Their Seed Dispersal Effectiveness and Ecological Contribution in a Tropical Rainforest at Khao Yai National Park, Thailand
    Faculté des Sciences Département de Biologie, Ecologie et Environnement Unité de Biologie du Comportement, Ethologie et Psychologie Animale Feeding and ranging behavior of northern pigtailed macaques ( Macaca leonina ): impact on their seed dispersal effectiveness and ecological contribution in a tropical rainforest at Khao Yai National Park, Thailand ~ ~ ~ Régime alimentaire et déplacements des macaques à queue de cochon ( Macaca leonina ) : impact sur leur efficacité dans la dispersion des graines et sur leur contribution écologique dans une forêt tropicale du parc national de Khao Yai, Thaïlande Année académique 2011-2012 Dissertation présentée par Aurélie Albert en vue de l’obtention du grade de Docteur en Sciences Faculté des Sciences Département de Biologie, Ecologie et Environnement Unité de Biologie du Comportement, Ethologie et Psychologie Animale Feeding and ranging behavior of northern pigtailed macaques ( Macaca leonina ): impact on their seed dispersal effectiveness and ecological contribution in a tropical rainforest at Khao Yai National Park, Thailand ~ ~ ~ Régime alimentaire et déplacements des macaques à queue de cochon ( Macaca leonina ) : impact sur leur efficacité dans la dispersion des graines et sur leur contribution écologique dans une forêt tropicale du parc national de Khao Yai, Thaïlande Année académique 2011-2012 Dissertation présentée par Aurélie Albert en vue de l’obtention du grade de Docteur en Sciences Promotrice : Marie-Claude Huynen (ULg, Belgique) Comité de thèse : Tommaso Savini (KMUTT, Thaïlande) Alain Hambuckers (ULg, Belgique) Pascal Poncin (ULg, Belgique) Président du jury : Jean-Marie Bouquegneau (ULg, Belgique) Membres du jury : Pierre-Michel Forget (MNHN, France) Régine Vercauteren Drubbel (ULB, Belgique) Roseline C. Beudels-Jamar (IRSN, Belgique) Copyright © 2012, Aurélie Albert Toute reproduction du présent document, par quelque procédé que ce soit, ne peut être réalisée qu’avec l’autorisation de l’auteur et du/des promoteur(s).
    [Show full text]
  • Entry & Buffer Landscape Plans
    PLANT MATERIAL SCHEDULE PLANTI NGT DETAl LS ;;;;;.;;;;..;;;.....;....,;;LOCATION.......... ..,.;...,.;.,=......,;;,;,,,;;...;,;,/ KEY MAP___________________ i'LT.S. - V') a.. a..~ II f~I !~~...~l"""'''"'i. M Code Quantity Botanical Common Cont/Cal Size Native Remarks ,,,.,;<_..;@.~·/ s w ...J _.. ~~ . 1/ I ,. LLl N CSlO 26 CASSIA SURATTENSIS CASSIA GLAUCA 10' HTX8' SPR . ...J M ~1/ 1 I- IC 55 ILEX CASSI NE OAHOON HOLLY · 14' OAH NATIVE 4' c.t. ~ _J M TRIM ONLY THOSE FRONDS WHICH HANG COR 45 CORDIA SEBESTENA ORANGE GEIGER TREE 10'HTX5'SPR hK 0 M BELOW LEVEL OF TREE HEART. ~ PE12 31 PINUS ELLIOTT! 'DENSA' SLASH PINE 12', 14', 16' o.a. NATIVE staggered hts <( SABALS: 'HURRICANE cur FRONDS PRIOR TO DELIVERY. w 0 QV14 103 QUERCUS VIRGINIANA SOUTHERN LIVE DAI( 14' HTX 7' SPR NATIVE :C> 0 0 ROYALS: SECURE FRONDS PRIOR TO SHIPPING TO > a.. QV20 10 QUERCUS VIRGINIANA SOUTHERN LIVE OAK 20'HT 0:: - c::: 0 - NATIVE PROTECT BUD. w >- V') 0 "'-I" c::: MG 28 MAGNOLIA GRANDIFLORA SOUTHERN MAGNOLIA 16'HT NATIVE NO SCARRED TRUNKS WILL BE ACCEPTED. (/) CV 4 CALLISTEMON VIMINALIS WEEPING BOTTLE BRUSH 10'HTX5'SPR 4' ct ~ SECURE WITH THREE WOOD BATTENS HELD WITH w 1-w U LLl 0 0:: I- _J Code Quantity Botanical Common Cont/Cal Size Native Remarks METAL STRAPS/3-2 X 4" BRACES. Q_ z I- V"l LL.. NO NAILS IN TRUNK; PROTECT TRUNK WITH BURLAP. SP 143 SABAL PALMETTO CABBAGE PALMETTO 14' · 18' OAH NATIVE V"l :::, staggered ROOT BALL TO BE 10% ABOVE FIN. GRADE :::) <:( VM 13 VEITCH IA MONTGOMERYANA MONTGOMERY PALM 16'CT V"l - 3" DEEP/3' DIA.
    [Show full text]
  • Ficus Plants for Hawai'i Landscapes
    Ornamentals and Flowers May 2007 OF-34 Ficus Plants for Hawai‘i Landscapes Melvin Wong Department of Tropical Plant and Soil Sciences icus, the fig genus, is part of the family Moraceae. Many ornamental Ficus species exist, and probably FJackfruit, breadfruit, cecropia, and mulberry also the most colorful one is Ficus elastica ‘Schrijveriana’ belong to this family. The objective of this publication (Fig. 8). Other Ficus elastica cultivars are ‘Abidjan’ (Fig. is to list the common fig plants used in landscaping and 9), ‘Decora’ (Fig. 10), ‘Asahi’ (Fig. 11), and ‘Gold’ (Fig. identify some of the species found in botanical gardens 12). Other banyan trees are Ficus lacor (pakur tree), in Hawai‘i. which can be seen at Foster Garden, O‘ahu, Ficus When we think of ficus (banyan) trees, we often think benjamina ‘Comosa’ (comosa benjamina, Fig. 13), of large trees with aerial roots. This is certainly accurate which can be seen on the UH Mänoa campus, Ficus for Ficus benghalensis (Indian banyan), Ficus micro­ neriifolia ‘Nemoralis’ (Fig. 14), which can be seen at carpa (Chinese banyan), and many others. Ficus the UH Lyon Arboretum, and Ficus rubiginosa (rusty benghalensis (Indian banyan, Fig. 1) are the large ban­ fig, Fig. 15). yans located in the center of Thomas Square in Hono­ In tropical rain forests, many birds and other animals lulu; the species is also featured in Disneyland (although feed on the fruits of different Ficus species. In Hawaii the tree there is artificial). Ficus microcarpa (Chinese this can be a negative feature, because large numbers of banyan, Fig.
    [Show full text]
  • Appendix 4.3 Biological Resources
    Appendix 4.3 Biological Resources 4.3.1 Preliminary Tree Survey of APM Alignment (TBD) 4.3.2 Preliminary Tree Survey of Potential Support Facility Sites (TBD) 4.3.3 Tree Inventory Inglewood Transit Connector Project Tree Inventory Prepared for: Meridian Consultants 920 Hampshire Road, Suite A5 Westlake Village, CA 91361 805.367.5720 www.meridianconsultants.com Prepared by: Pax Environmental, Inc. Certified DBE/DVBE/SBE 226 West Ojai Ave., Ste. 101, #157 Ojai, CA 93023 805.633.9218 www.paxenviro.com December 10, 2018 Inglewood Transit Connector Project Section Page Introduction ............................................................................................................. 1 1.1 Project Location ............................................................................................. 1 1.2 Project Description and Background .............................................................. 1 1.3 Regulatory Setting ......................................................................................... 1 Survey Methodology ............................................................................................... 2 Results ..................................................................................................................... 3 References ............................................................................................................... 4 Tables Page 1 Tree species observed in the project alignment .................................................. 3 ATTACHMENTS APPENDIX 1 TREE POINT LOCATION MAP
    [Show full text]
  • Date Palm Tamar Matzu’I תמר מצוי :Hebrew Name Scientific Name: Phoenix Dactylifera نخيل :Arabic Name Family: Arecaceae (Palmae)
    Signs 10-18 Common name: Date Palm tamar matzu’i תמר מצוי :Hebrew name Scientific name: Phoenix dactylifera نخيل :Arabic name Family: Arecaceae (Palmae) “The righteous shall flourish like the palm-tree; he DatE PaLM shall grow like a cedar in Lebanon” (Psalms 92:12/13) A tall palm tree, one of the symbols of the des- dates; the color of the fruit ranges from yellow to ert. Its trunk is tall and straight, and it bears “scars” dark red. that are remnants of old leaves that have been shed The date palm grows wild throughout the Near or removed. Additional trunks may grow from the East and North Africa and, as a fruit tree, has spread base of the main trunk. At the top of the trunks are around the world. All parts of the tree are used by crowns of large, stiff pinnate leaves. The bluish-gray humans: the trunks for construction, the leaves for leaves (palm fronds) are divided into leaflets with roofing, the fruit-bearing branches for brooms, and pointed tips. the seeds for medicinal purposes. The date palm The date palm is dioecious: large inflorescences is often mentioned in the Bible as an example of a (clusters) of male and female flowers develop on multi-use plant. It is one of the seven species with separate trees. In its natural habitat, the wind which the Land of Israel is blessed, and the lulav – a pollinates female trees, but this is done manually for closed date palm frond – is one of the four species cultivated trees.
    [Show full text]
  • New Pests of Landscape Ficus in California
    FARM ADVISORS New Pests of Landscape Ficus in California Donald R. Hodel, Environmental Horticulturist, University of California Cooperative Extension Ficus, especially F. microcarpa (Chinese banyan, sometime incorrectly called F. nitida or F. retusa) and to a lesser extent F. benjamina (weeping fig), are important components of California’s urban landscape. Indeed, F. microcarpa is one of the more common street and park trees in southern California and many urban streets are lined with fine, old, handsome specimens. An especially tough tree able to withstand adverse conditions and neglect and still provide expected benefits and amenities, F. microcarpa is a dependable landscape subject from the Coachella Valley in the low desert to coastal regions, from San Diego to as far north as the Bay Area, where it is much prized and planted for its glossy dark green foliage, vigorous growth, and adaptability to a wide range of conditions. Nonetheless, Ficus microcarpa is a host of numerous pests, including the well known Indian laurel thrips and the leaf gall wasp, and several scale and Fig. 1. As the name implies, the Ficus leaf-rolling psyllid causes new leaves to roll mealybugs, which have been attacking these trees for many years. tightly inward completely or partially from one or both margins. Recently, several new pests have arrived on the scene and all are mostly attacking F. microcarpa. Here I provide a brief summary of these recent arrivals and conclude with some potential management brown on older adults. Wings are 3 mm long, transparent, colorless, strategies. and extend beyond the posterior end of the abdomen.
    [Show full text]
  • Chromatographic and Antiproliferative Assessment of the Aerial Root of Ficus Thonningii Blume (Moraceae)
    MicroMedicine ISSN 2449-8947 RESEARCH ARTICLE Chromatographic and antiproliferative assessment of the aerial root of Ficus thonningii Blume (Moraceae) Maryam Odufa Adamu 1,2 , Solomon Fidelis Ameh 3, Utibe Abasi Okon Ettah 1, Samuel Ehiabhi Okhale 1* 1 Department of Medicinal Plant Research and Traditional Medicine (MPR & TM), National Institute for Pharmaceutical Research and Development (NIPRD), Idu Industrial Area, P. M. B. 21, Garki, Abuja, Nigeria 2 Department of Chemistry, Nasarawa State University, Keffi, Nasarawa State, Nigeria 3 Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, National Institute for Pharmaceutical Research and Development (NIPRD), Idu Industrial Area, P. M. B. 21, Garki, Abuja, Nigeria *Corresponding author: Dr. Samuel Ehiabhi Okhale; Tel: +2348036086812; Email: [email protected] ABSTRACT Ficus thonningii (Blume) has long history of use for variety of ailments. The hot aqueous extract of Ficus thonningii aerial root (FT) was obtained by infusion. The antiproliferative activity of FT was evaluated using Sorghum bicolor seed radicle over a period of 24 h to 96 h. The mean radicle length (mm), percentage inhibition and percentage growth were calculated. Chemical characterization of Citation: Adamu MO, Ameh SF, Ettah Utibe AO, FT was done using chromatographic techniques. Thin layer chromatography Okhale SE. Chromatographic and antiproliferative assessment of the aerial root of revealed the presence of β-sitosterol. High performance liquid chromatography Ficus thonningii Blume (Moraceae). MicroMed. showed ten peaks with gallic acid, tannins, caffeic acid, rutin, ferulic acid and 2018; 6(1): 1-9. morin eluting at 3.530, 3.928, 4.668, 6.706, 7.669 and 18.844 minutes DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.1143651 respectively.
    [Show full text]
  • Morphological Diversity and Function of the Stigma in Ficus Species (Moraceae) Simone Pádua Teixeira, Marina F.B
    Morphological diversity and function of the stigma in Ficus species (Moraceae) Simone Pádua Teixeira, Marina F.B. Costa, João Paulo Basso-Alves, Finn Kjellberg, Rodrigo A.S. Pereira To cite this version: Simone Pádua Teixeira, Marina F.B. Costa, João Paulo Basso-Alves, Finn Kjellberg, Rodrigo A.S. Pereira. Morphological diversity and function of the stigma in Ficus species (Moraceae). Acta Oeco- logica, Elsevier, 2018, 90, pp.117-131. 10.1016/j.actao.2018.02.008. hal-02333104 HAL Id: hal-02333104 https://hal.archives-ouvertes.fr/hal-02333104 Submitted on 25 Oct 2019 HAL is a multi-disciplinary open access L’archive ouverte pluridisciplinaire HAL, est archive for the deposit and dissemination of sci- destinée au dépôt et à la diffusion de documents entific research documents, whether they are pub- scientifiques de niveau recherche, publiés ou non, lished or not. The documents may come from émanant des établissements d’enseignement et de teaching and research institutions in France or recherche français ou étrangers, des laboratoires abroad, or from public or private research centers. publics ou privés. Morphological diversity and function of the stigma in Ficus species (Moraceae) Simone Pádua Teixeiraa,∗, Marina F.B. Costaa,b, João Paulo Basso-Alvesb,c, Finn Kjellbergd, Rodrigo A.S. Pereirae a Faculdade de Ciências Farmacêuticas de Ribeirão Preto, Universidade de São Paulo, Av. do Café, s/n, 14040-903, Ribeirão Preto, SP, Brazil b PPG em Biologia Vegetal, Instituto de Biologia, Universidade Estadual de Campinas, Av. Bandeirantes, 3900, 14040-901, Campinas, SP, Brazil c Instituto de Pesquisa do Jardim Botânico do Rio de Janeiro, DIPEQ, Rua Pacheco Leão, 915, 22460-030, Rio de Janeiro, RJ, Brazil d CEFE UMR 5175, CNRS, Université de Montpellier, Université Paul-Valéry Montpellier, EPHE, 1919 route de Mende, F-34293, Montpellier Cédex 5, France e Faculdade de Filosofia, Ciências e Letras de Ribeirão Preto, Universidade de São Paulo, Av.
    [Show full text]
  • Tanzania Wildlife Research Institute (Tawiri)
    TANZANIA WILDLIFE RESEARCH INSTITUTE (TAWIRI) PROCEEDINGS OF THE ELEVENTH TAWIRI SCIENTIFIC CONFERENCE, 6TH – 8TH DECEMBER 2017, ARUSHA INTERNATIONAL CONFERENCE CENTER, TANZANIA 1 EDITORS Dr. Robert Fyumagwa Dr. Janemary Ntalwila Dr. Angela Mwakatobe Dr. Victor Kakengi Dr. Alex Lobora Dr. Richard Lymuya Dr. Asanterabi Lowassa Dr. Emmanuel Mmasy Dr. Emmanuel Masenga Dr. Ernest Mjingo Dr. Dennis Ikanda Mr. Pius Kavana Published by: Tanzania Wildlife Research Institute P.O.Box 661 Arusha, Tanzania Email: [email protected] Website: www.tawiri.or.tz Copyright – TAWIRI 2017 All rights reserved. No part of this publication may be reproduced in any form without permission in writing from Tanzania Wildlife Research Institute. 2 CONFERENCE THEME "People, Livestock and Climate change: Challenges for Sustainable Biodiversity Conservation” 3 MESSAGE FROM THE ORGANIZING COMMITTEE The Tanzania Wildlife Research Institute (TAWIRI) scientific conferences are biennial events. This year's gathering marks the 11th scientific conference under the Theme: "People, Livestock and Climate change: Challenges for sustainable biodiversity conservation”. The theme primarily aims at contributing to global efforts towards sustainable wildlife conservation. The platform brings together a wide range of scientists, policy markers, conservationists, NGOs representatives and Civil Society representatives from various parts of the world to present their research findings so that management of wildlife resources and natural resources can be based on sound scientific information
    [Show full text]