E~200 v4 . Environment and Social safeguard--~---~·, ~~-~.
Public Disclosure Authorized Assessment Report
of
The Second Phase Four-lane Highway Widening prJject
Route 331: Route 36 Intersection - A.Sattahip Public Disclosure Authorized
February 2009 Public Disclosure Authorized
By
Environment Group
Public Disclosure Authorized Bureau of Planning Department of Highways Table of Content
Page
1 Introduction 1 2 Project DescriRtion 3 3 Environment and Social Background 7 4 Social Safeguard Screening 12 5 Impact Assessment and Mitigation Measure 16
6 The Environmental Management Plan 22 7 The Monitoring Plan 32 8 Public Involvement 39 9 Conclusion 41 ANNEX I: Resettlement Impacts Data 42 ANNEX II: Picture of the Public I,nvolvement Process 43 1. INTRODUCTION
The Ministry of Transport by the Department of Highways planned to. widen the pri~ary routes linking the Bangkok Metropolitan Area to each region in order to cope with:the rapid increase of the need for transportation. The plan included a total distance of 1,891 kilom~.ters and wa~ completed in 1999. The second phase of widening for further primary routes were proposed and ~pproved in principle to enhance provincial link within the region in 1995. This plan included a tot~1 length of 4,366 kilome.ters. As shown in Figure 1, this projecf is a part of the seco~. d phase of v;'idening for further primary routes. The proposed project is to widen Route 331 from the existi1g two-lane configuration to four-lane highway. This project would take place on Route 331 a~ Route 36 Intersection, Tambon Pong, Amphoe Banglamung, Kilometer (KM) 10~+000.000 to ~Section at Tambon Phlu Ta Luang, Amphoe Sattahip KM 134+923.537. Both the beginning and the end of project are in Chonburi Province. The project objective is to enhance the eXisting networ, highways capacity, which consequently results in road safety improvement and econfmic growth srmulation.
! • Currently, DOH is seeking a World Bank loan for the implementation ~f the hi9hW~i-Widening project of route 331 from Route NO.36 Intersection (KM 109+000.000) to Amphoe S ahip (KM 134+923.537). The widening would be undertaken mostly along one sides; of the Curren route that is 25.923 kilometers of a two-lane asphaltic concrete highway.
The purpose of the environment and social safeguard assessment report is to identify environment.al issues associated with the project required for a World Ban~ loan. The e~vironment and social safeguard assessment report presents key information on the project and b4ck ground data on location, including findings during field visit, identification of potential impacts aqd required mitigations, and a proposed action plan to be executed by DOH during th~ imPlement,· ion of the project. . I , . 2
.....,;,- -~, F¢EtW'f,j~':~;
Figure 1: The second phase four-lane highway widening project 3
2. PROJECT DESCRIPTION
2.1 Type of Project According to World Bank's project classification, this project has been cat€lgorized as a Category B project since: i . I
• The project activities will be carried out wit~in the existing right~of-way; I • The project would not involve resettlement and land acquisition; • The project related impacts are site specific, and the mitigatio;n can be dev~loped and implemented. i I i '
The project comprises widening and strengthening of National Highway, Rbute 331, fro~ Route 36 Intersection to Amphoe Sattahip, Chonburi Province, over a length of 25.923 kilometers. i . I • • I I • I 2.2 Need for the Project i The widening will facilitate the traffic along the existing two-lane highway; ~rOViding addi~iOnl'll road capacity to cope with the rapid increase of traffic across the region. In addition, it is antiqlpated that the hig. hway-widening project would stimulate, economic activity, growth, o~ the eastem fegion and support eastern seaboard industrial estate. i . I
2.3 Location ': I The highway widening is proposed for Route 331, beginning on Route 331, KM 109+900.000 at Route 36 Intersection, T~mbon Pong, Amphoe Banglamung, Chonburi Pr6vince. The project is in the southerly direction to the end on Route 331, KM 134+923.537, at Tambon Phlu ira I...uang, Amphoe Sattahip, Chonburi Province as shown in Figure 2: Project Locatiof I
2.4 Description of the Project I The project objective is to enhance the existing network highway capacity, which consequently .results in road safety improvement and economic growth stimulation. . T~e project prpposed to widen 25.923 kilometers of roadway and bridges along Route 331, startln~ from the exjsting two lane configuration to four-lane highw.ay and the a~tivities would tak.ej place. from Route 36 Intersection km 109+000.000 and end at about Amphoe Sattahip km 134 ,923.537. Th~ widening of roadway and bridges within the project section was proposed to bewt"\olly within DOHs existing
right-of-way (ROW). The proposed widening schemes are shown in Figure ~. I ,
i I I I KM. Left (m.) Right (m.) I Total (Pt.) I I 109+000.000 -134+478.000 40.00 I 40.00 I 80.0p I , 134+478.000 -1.34+898.000 30.00 I 30.00 , 60.0p 4
Figure 2: Project Location 5
Figure 3: Beginning of the project
Figure 4: End of Project 6
Construct the new road on the right side with depressed median (KM 109+098 - KM 130+531)
Construct the new road on the both raised median (KM 130+531 - KM 134+898)
Bridge construction at KM 126+667
Figure 5: Proposed Widening Scheme ~ __~ ______"'- ___--'l_i',ltInil:!lllW!IW d< ..0W± _____\---=.-.-~
7
3. ENVIRONMENT & SOCIAL BACKGR UND
3.1 Environment Background ..: : . The road passes through generally flat terrain with most area of eucalyptus, cassava,pineapple, and rubber plantation. The soil along the project alignment il'? sandy loam. ;The CBR val! e is about 4%. The land along the proposed highway widening is flat. No significant sedimentation problems associated with this project would be anticipated. .
Climatic data at Chonburi meteorological station are available for year 2007. the averge highest . temperature is 36.9 °C in March 2007. The average lowest temperature is 17.5 °C in December ~ I ",' 2002. The climate is tropical monsoonal, with a pronounced wet season from May to OCtober. The , I mean annual rainfall in this region is 1,254.3 mm. The proposed project is not within: a seismic zone.
No data available on ambient noise level in the project area. However, when comparing with other 4-lane roads in adjacent areas, there is no impact of noise on communitiesiand sensitive receptors. : I • The impact of noise may be considered to be negligible.
There are no data of ambient ,air quality of the areas around the projeCt:highway.'Ho}vever, the . ,~,_-' I ,- . _ . I
areas are, open: and could enhance the dispersion, -- and dilution of air pollutantsI. if any.- In_ addition,' . the sensitive receptors, e.g. schools, and hospital are not immediately adjacent to the ROW. Asa I ". result, the impact on air pollution may not be significant. :'
There are 15 water bodies crossed by the project highway, such as Khlpng Bang P ai, Khlong Chang Tai, Nhong Chak Ngaeo, Huai Map Khoen. and Huai Nam PHang. There are 0 data of water quality of the areas around the project highway.
. I I . i : The widening of the project road will be within the existing right-of-way.l1he land adjacent to the right-of-way of the project is mostly cassava and eucalyptus plantation. No~e of forest c : servation . I areas are found close to the project alignment. The project does not pa~ through the atershed . : class 1 and 2. There are some teaks within the existing ROW on the both sides at K 116+000 and KM 132+000 - 134+000, as shown in Figure 6. There are no ecological resourc fisheries, aquatic biology, wildlife, or forests.
I The project alignment crosses route no~ 332 and railway. Moreover, therr are many Ifcal roads along both sides of the project. !. I . , 8
Figure 6: Teaks within DOH's ROW
Figure 7: Railway Crossing at KM 129+667
As shown i(1 Figure 8, two shrines are found within ROWan the left side at KM 110+000 and 119+ 700. However. this may not be a significant impact as the widening at this location will be carried out within the ROWan the right side.
Figure 8: Shrines within DOH's.ROW 9
3.2 Social Background There are large communities at Kasem Phon Intersection and Ban KM. 10 Inter".... ,,"'''' roadway. This area supports many commercial buildings and small enterprises. site visit, this area is highly developed and populated. (See Figure 9 and 10)
Figure 9: Communities at Kasem Phon Intersection
Figure 10: Communities at Ban KM 10 Intersection
Major income generated locally is from plantation and small business {e.g.: restaurant, and market}. I : The impacts on the quality of life of the local people would be minor in nC\ture but positlive overall. During construction, labor would be sought locally, consequently providingiemployment to the local people leading to increased economic activity. There would be an i improvement in traffic management through improved traffic signaling thereby reducing the potential for traffic ~ccidents
The road inventory is summarized in Figure 11. 10
Coconut Plantation Coconut Plantation
Cassava Plantation Pineapple Plantation
Jack-fruit & Coconut Plantation 122+000 Cassava Plantation
121+000 Cassava Plantation
Cassava Plantation Cashew Nut Plantation
120+000
11,9+000
118+000 ", "."i'· ,,:", Cassava PlantatiQ~rr:i 'Casl;ew Nut' Plantatio~ ,:~, 117+000
Cassava Plantation . ' 116+000 cashew Nut Plantation ;:::( :',;:." Eucalyptus Plantation Eucalyptus Plantation
Orchard 115+000 Phleapple Plantation
Cassava Plantation
Rubber Plantation 114+000
Pineapple Plantation
Cassava Plantation
Jack·fruit Plantation
Eucalyptus Plantation
Cassava Plantation
Rubber Plantation ",E~(:aIYPtus Plantation
Shrine within ROW 110+000
Pineapple Plantation Eucalyptus Plantation
Cassava Plantation . ~. Cassava Plantation
Eucalyptus Plantation 109+000
~community R:J School Q Health Station' Medical Center ® Temple' Mosque CGovernment's Office 't Bridge
Figure 11: The Road Inventory of route 331 11
! I
Somdet Pranagjao Sirikit ToAuTa"" Pao
HosPitallia , ,•• '1,"
Route 3 Ban KM 10 Intersection i ~ ~ I Ban KM 10 134+000 ~ ~ , ~' E :::u 133+000 0::e Co> i C> M I 132+000 j. , ~ C> , Daratorn Village ~ II! ?
'Na Tee House Village ~ Pineap!:jte Plantation
." 131+000 ~ i a -I ct> , ~ B~n Si Yaek Kasek Phon ... ~, I !!!. I I ::l +To Rayong (Route 332) Kasem Phon Intersection I To attaya -+ I -
Cassava Plantation 128+000 Eucalyp~us Plantation
Cassava Plantation E 127+000 Cassav~ Plantation .....c:> .,3: Rural Road tb watYannasan!gwararam 0 I II! , 126+000 ,I , Cassava Plantation Cassava Plantation Pineapple Plantation 125+000 (,i.;:0 Pineapple Plantation Eucalyptus Plantation to CassavJ Plantation I( I Cassava Plantation 124+000 Eucalyptus Plantation I . I Eucalyptus Plantation ,; Eucalyptus Plantation I,... Cassava Plantation 123+000 Rubber Plantation " , ~ Community R:J School Q HealtJil Stationl Medical Center Temple /Mosque D Governmenfs Office ] [ I o Bridg~,
Figure 11: The Road Inventory of route 331 (Cont.) 12
. SOCIAL SAFEGUARD SCREENING
4.1 Social Safeguard Screening
According to World Bank's relevant Operational Directives (O.D. 4.20: Indigenous Peoples and O.D. 4.30: Involuntary Resettlement), the initial social. assessment checklist is adopted as a .. . guideline for initial social assessment. DOH conducted site visit, which provided a better understanding of local communities, land !,.Jse pattern, economic activity, and livelihood. Most of local people earn their living from crops, Le., cassava, pineapple, and eucalyptus.
During the site visit, a few temporary shops were found to be within the DOH's ROW. However, the widening would not cover the whole width of the ROW. In addition, the shop owners are likely the people living in the vicinity. Therefore,it is possible to shift them ba,ck outside the ROW to be within their own areas. DOH will assist shop owners in shifting their shops and food stalls to the area unaffected' by the construction prior to initiation of any ci\,(il wprks when needed. No indigenous peoples are likely to be adversely affected in the sub-project area.
The potential social impacts during the implementation and operation are identified as below: • Health and safety problems; and
• Change in economic activity,
During implementation, construction activities would affect the ambient noise and air quality and safety of both pedestrians and motorists. People will be impacted if the mitigation measures are not implemented appropriately. However, it is a requirE?ment that identified measures will be implemented by contractors as they will be included in the po ntra ct documents, and monitored by DOH. For example, temporary sidewalks will be provided where the existing ones are disturbed and noise-creating activities will be carried out during the daytime.
Highway widening can result in both improving and deteriorating noise and air quality. At present, the capacity of two-lane highway is almost fully occupied. 1.11 the near future, traffic congestion may be occurred and that is the major source of air pollutant. Extending the capacity of major highway would be benefit overall in this cas¢ even when the vehiple volume increases. However, poor conditions of highway surface may gerie~ate much more aW poll,utants and higher noise level from vehicles than those generated ~her) driving on good surfflce conditions. Therefore, the regular highway maintenance will be carried:out and included as on:e df the mitigation measures. Similarly, traffic signs limiting the vehicle speed will be in place.
Inconvenience arising from construction activities may change economic interaction. Limited travel lanes, poor access to local places and services, and bad conditions of road surface may deviate road users to other roadways, which consequently decrease the economic activities along the 13
proposed section. Nevertheless, appropriate controls and traffic management uring the implementation could maintain or even enhance the economic activities around the proje t area.
During the operation, u-turns could provide a better access to areas along t~e road secti 14
Initial Social Assessment (ISA) Checklist of Information on Resettlement
Estimated Number of Project Affected Persons' (APs): __4__
Vulnerable Groups:
I Types Yes No Remarks • Poverty group affected ,( The project is proposed to be wholly within the existing right-of-way. Therefore, resettlement may i not be of concern. • Women beaded households affected ,( • Indigenous Peoples Affected ,( Other vulnerable group2affected I • i r=
Types of Impacts (Social and Economic Risks)3
Types ! Yes i No Provide details (Expected number of households, area of land, types of structures '1 i likely to be affected), where possible
Is land acquisition necessary ,( I • • Presence of squatters ,( Approximately 4 temporary shops and food stalls are located within DOH's ROW. However, DOH will provide any assistance in shifting those shops out of affected areas .
• ! • Loss of structures resulting in displacement I ,(
I • Displacement of people due to loss of ,( productive assets • People losing means of livelihood and ,( i incomes •• • Is there any risk of economic marginalization ,( of APs I
BaSic facilities/ services will be inaccessible ,( I • i Impact on crops, trees and other fixed assets ,( i • • Tenants! Lessees lOSing crops! trees ,( Loss of community assets i ,( _• ..... • Loss of existing social & community ties ,( Note: Information for ISA should be collected in consultation and coordination with EA, local authorities, local NGOs and community leaders of affected community. Where possible, sufficient time should bespenUor group discussion with I community likely to be affected by the project.
The number of people likely to be affected should be based on rapid assessment. I This may include disabled, child labor, etc. I It may not always be possible to get information on some of the above impacts at the ISA stage. However, particular attention should be paid to these types of impacts during the project preparation stage. 15
4.2 Social Impact and Mitigation Measures Since the road widening will be implemented within the existing right-of-way, no significa t impacts are likely to occur. Nevertheless, social impacts can be managed an9 minimized hrough a community consultation process.
Typically, the project road passes through relatively flat terrain. The width df right-of-way is ranged between 60-80 meters. At some section, it is seen that local people are utilizing some part of right of-way for commercial purpose i.e. selling food. From .the survey, it reveals that th~reare 4 temporary shops locate within the right-of way. All of the shops are locateo in front of the owner's house. Prior to construction, for safety reason, those shops will be relocated outside trie rij;lht-of- w~ !
, : To avoid impact on people's income, the shop shall be relocated as fast as possible to ensure that shop owner will not experience any stoppage in their operation. The temporary shops qan be removed easily by the shop owner themselves, or they can call for labor and/or materials from the project if necessary. Additionally, the project will help in ground leveling prior to removing. In dOing this, the assistance will be provided at no cost to the shop owners. Therefore, the livl lihood of those shop owners will not be severely affe.cted by the road widening broject. List f affected I people is shown in Annex I. I 16
5. IMPACT ASSESSMENT & MITIGATION MEASURE
5.1 Environmental Problems Due To Project Location
The road section to widen under the project is within the existing right-of-way, and the majority of the works wiU be undertaken along the existing alignments. Accordingly, no significant environmental impacts are anticipated due to the project's location.
5.2 Environmental Problems Related with Project Design
The design unit has sought to minimize any environmental impacts by ensuring that the widening road is within the existing right-of-way. Project design also takes account of the need to avoid creating potential slips or instability where new embankments are required. In addition, drainage system was highly emphasized in order to effectively control and prevent the flooding problem. The existihg culvert will be either lengthened or reconfigured. Local aesthetic value is another issue to be considered during project design ..
5.3 Environmental Problems Associated with Construction Stage
As the project roadway has served the transportation of this region for a long time, most environmental impacts from the widening would occur only during the construction. The severities of these impacts are considered to be minor to moderate because they can be mitigated by implementing appropriate mitigation measures. Furthermore, construction is taking place in the existing ROW, which is free from significant or important natural features. And they would last for a short period during the construction. The environmental aspects of concern would be:
• Blockage of entrance/access; • Traffic congestion and safety Removal and transplanting tree;
• Nuisance noise during the construction; • Deterioration of air quality from construction machinery and vehicles; and
• Dust generation during dry season.
Table 1 shows the potential environmental impacts, and proposed mitigation measures during the construction stage. Contractor is responsible for implementing the mitigation measures duri'ng the construction and will be required to follow DOH's Conditions of Contract, Specifications for Highway Construction, and proposed Environmental Management Plan. The proposed mitigation measures in Table 1 will be included in the contract. DOH's project engineer will assist and monitor the contractor in accordance with the mitigation measures identified and on-site implementation. 17
Noise Construction activities may increase noise level and cause silencers or use equipment, which generate the noise level to exceed the level. • standard. Noise creating activities will be carried out d The sensitive receptors are not hours. immediately adjacent to the The Contractor will inform 10c~1 public regarding the ROW, the impact of noise may unavoidable noise creating aciivities, timing a~d be considered to be negligible. construction plan prior to the construction.
Air Quality Transportation of construction The construction materials ancj wastes will be: removed I ' material, equipment from the construction area as soon, as possibl' . transportation and construction Spoil trucks, material trucks, ahd stockpiles w II. be activities may cause the covered at all times. increase of dust and toxic gas. Regular water spraying will beidone on, open surface. , The sensitive receptors are not , immediately adjacent to the The equipment and machinery will be regularl checked and malfunction observed will be corrected a ,cordingly. ROW, the impact on air . . pollution may not be The haulage distance will be k~Pt to a minimum. significant. The truck speed will be limited!to minimized d~st generation. . ! ' .
The contractor will plant tall, between roads and local
Vibration Construction transportation, regularly. arid activities may cause high Vibration creating activities will be strictly ('or,tlrnll.,rl in level of vibration, which cause such a way that minimizes the ;vibration. the trouble to persons in buildings
Surface Waterl Construction may cause the Contractor will intensify the cOr;"lstruction during Hydrology modification of water flows. the dry season, e.g., excavatin~ or filling, and bridge
construction. ' I I , I , Pipes and culverts will be regularly cleaned to prevent blockage of water resulting in flooding pro I Dumping of residual constructibn, material or waste into waterways shall be prdhib\tedto protect w",t"l"\I\/"", deteriorated due to the Vegetative area around 1 m from the waterways will be increased sediment and maintained as a buffer zone. suspended particles, and the ContractorWil..1 consider planting native vegetation at the contamination from leachate. disturbed water streams However, The construction wouldn't cause serious impact Construction material will be stored at least 100 m from on water quality as the water the watercourse. bodies crossed by the project Sanitary latrine and septic tank will be installed within highway are classified as class . construction camps. three: suitable for agricultural Waste dumping will be prohibited. pW:pose and can be uieil for I yvashing equipment will not be allowed in the water domestic consumption ',after streams. treatment. : Soil and Erosion . Opened sUrface may cause Construction activities will be intensifieq during dry increased erosion. season. I! , The extent of ground disturbance will bE;l minimized. Grasses and native vegetation will be promptly grown after the shoulder is filled and compacted to protect the soil. surface instantly. Geology and No significant mineral sources - Mineral exist within the vicinity of the project roadway Rock and earth Dust, noise and vibration could Borrowing pits and quarries will be located at least 500 m aggregate be generated from rock and from settlement areas. earth borrowing sites. Noise and vibration generating activities within borrowing pits will be carried out during daylight hours. Proper dust, noise and vibration control shall be in places. I Stockpiles of construction materi.als shall be covered or I sprinkled to prevent dust nuisance. Ecological Resources Aquatic ecology Erosion from construction sites The activities of construction will be intensified during the may result in downstream dry season. siltation, ruining spawning Bridge will be constructed during the dry season. beds for fish. Construction machinery will be inspected regularly to Construction residual can be a prevent any oil leakage. major source of turbidity, and . Construction activities will be prohibited in front of raise biological oxygen waterway to prevent silt-laden water from entering the demand. water streams. 19 Wildlife , Forest No ecologically sensitive areas Contractor will avoid disturbing vegetation in and forest exist. outside the construction zone,! , Some teaks and other plants Contractor must contact the F?rest Industry will be affected. before removing teaks from the construction The transplanting shall be considered as m possible. Human and Economic Development Land Use Land use pattern would not Contractor will avoid making any damage to the water change significantly as the streams crossed. roadway already exists and the Construction activities will be (jone in such a widening would take place , avoids filling up water resour~ and interrupt wholly within the existing system. ROW. , There will be efficient drainag~ system to problem. : Transportation Construction would result in Construction equipments and Inaterials will congestion, especially at the during the off-peak period traffic to avoid the populated areas and junction congestion, , with other highways. These Contractor shall provide appropriate are anticipated to be minor in technique such as detour roads to minimize the problem nature and short in duration. of local traffic. Transportation of construction Local people will be informed ~egarding the c~nstruction material may damage the plan and activities, and appr08riate alternativ~ roads, in existing roadway. advance. Caution signs will be posted to remind road before entering the constructionarea. The routes, which have been 4sed to TI"l'lnl':;rICIIIT construction equipments and materials., will in good condition. Flood Control There would be impact on The appropriate and sufficient ,drainage drainage, if the drainage installed. , structures are not adequately installed. Public Utilities & Relocation of infrastructures Contractor will inform affected people Infrastructure may be necessary. construction in advance. Construction may affect the accessibility of local utilities Temporary access to any existing areas the and public areas. roadway being constructed will. be provided. 20 Quality of Life Values Socio-economic The Impacts on the quality of Local public will b~ informed prior to. commencement of life of the local p~ple would civil work regardingtemporary inconveniences during the be minor in nature but positive construction. overalL The positive impact is Contractor will minimize damage on surface of existing thEn~xpansibn Of local trading· roads and local tracks. especially on c0i"1sumer " products, due to increasing Road obstruction will be avoided. Where unavoidable, demand from construction damages will be repaired as soon as possible. workers .. Labor would be sought locally, consequently providing Construction activities may employment to the local peopleleadihg to increased affect the convenience of local economic activity. publiC and travelers who use the road passing the project areas during construction period. Resettlement No land expropriation is DOH will be responsible for shifting of the shops to a required as the widening will '1,,1 ' suitable location outside the ROW when needed, which tak~place within DOH's could be just behind the existing shop-set-up location, as exi~fing ROW .. How~ver local mos~shop owners are likely the people living in the people who set up tempora!}, . vicinity. shdps:within ROW may be affected Archaeological No archaeological sites would and aesthetic be impacted. .' . values Health and Poor sanitary condition, e.g. Contractor will be required to set up a sanitary Safety dirty drinking water, management plan for worker camp to ensure that DOH's inappropriate waste requirements are met. management, and inadequate Appropriate waste management will be set up, e.g. waste and dirty toilet, could result in disposal method, provision of garbage can, etc. workers'sickness. Clean drinking water will be provided to on -site Unsafe Condition may cause construction workers. workers' injuries. Responsibility will be assigned to maintain safe and clean construction camp All workers will be trained in safetY precaution and emergency plan prior to the construction. First aid kit and appropriate personal protective equipment will be suffiCiently provided. 21 5.4 Environmental Effects During Operation The potential environmental effects from operation of the proposed widening are listed in Table 2: Potential Impacts during Operation. The· absence of environmentally S,ensitive area~' such as pristine forests within the project area precludes any significant indirect environmen al effects. Major impacts would include increased noise, vibration, air pollution, and r~.ad accident ue to road traffic and soil erosion and flooding due to blockage of water flow and poor condition 0 shoulder. DOH will follow good practice during maintenance and coordinate with 10c~1 governmen~and other . I concerned agencies to reduce the impacts. . 5.5 Potential Environmental Enhancements The environmental enhancements or beneficial impacts from the highway lNidening are significant, long-term, and wide raging. The benefits are of interregional significance ahd include: i i • Encouragement of Thailand's economic growth; .• Improved local employment during construction; • Transportation enhancement across the region; and • Increase in local people's income. Noise level may increase due DOH will set up a monitoring for noise leVel during ! : to the increased traffic volume. the operation at sensitive receptor, e.g. SChOll, and hospital and provide efficient 00ise barrier wh re needed. Road surface condition will be maintained to duce noise pollution. I • Air Quality Increase traffic level may result DOH's district engineer will maintain. good condition. of in deterioration of ambient air roadway to enhance the highe?t efficiency of te vehicles. quality • Traffic signs will be provided to facilitate the tr ffic and minimize the congestion. . I I Highway District will maintain tkll, leafy, and dense vegetation between roads and people' rF>",AttIF>mAnt Soil and Erosion Poor condition of shoulders Inspection of grassing will be especially n the time could result in erosion before the rainy season. Health and High traffic volume may cause DOH's district engineer will maIntain the traffi~ warning Safety the higher rate of accident to signs and surface condition to~lleviatethe ac/:ident. . - both the pedestrians and the road users 22 6. THE ENVIRONMENTAL MANAGEMENT PLAN To mitigate the potential negative impacts of a highway project, an Environmental Management Plan (EMP) is developed typically to identify the mitigation measures to be undertaken during conceptual/detailed engineering design, construction, For the highway-widening project, the detailed engineering design has been completed at this stage: therefore the activities specified in the EMP are limited to those to be carried out during construction, and operation. During the conceptual and detailed design, efforts were made to avoid the need for land acquisition and compensation, provide adequate safety to road users, and inform the local public. DOH carried out a formal consultation meeting with local public in January 2009 and a summary of the public consultation report is presented in chapter 8. The mitigation measures for the environmental impacts have been incorporated into theEMP. DOHwili continue to make an effort to ensure that the key mitigation measures that can be done during the detailed design stage is incorporated into the final design. The EMP requirements as mil1imumenvironmental requirements will be included into the bidding document (specifications for highway construction). 6.1 NOISE AND VIBRATION A. Background Noise and vibration from construction activities, and transportation of construction materials, and higher traffic volume may impact upon people, property, and other sensitive receptors. B. Objectives • To minimize noise and vibration impacts arising from construction activities. • To ensure that noise emissions from construction equipment and machinery are controlled and that machinery meets best practice emission standards. • To protect communities from excessive noise. 1. Additional DOH requirements should be Gontractor During Included in a strictly followed construction construction Operate construction activities during period budget daytime. • Limit construction traffic to be during daytime especially the transportation of construction materials. • Use the 8atlirllTients 23 Regularly check and maintain construction machineries and promptly repair when malfunction is observed. I • 2. Plantation of leafy trees and shrubs should Contractor Before endin~ of be applied, construction ! period budget 3. Traffic signs, limiting the speed of vehicles Highway District Operation ph~se Included in DOH's to be below 60 km/hr at communities, ~outine should be regularly maintained. maint<>nlil"I"<> budget 4. Road surface condition will be maintained Highway District Operation ph~se Included in DOH's I to reduce noise pollution. routine I I maintencimce budget' 6.2 AIR QUALITY A. Background I Air quality could be deteriorated by construction activities as they usually ~enerate dus~ and toxic gas from machineries, construction vehicles, .and open surface. Dust g~neration is the key air quality issue at construction sites and can be a health hazard. In additio,/, vehicle emipsions are the greatest contributor to air pollution. B. Objectives • To control dust generation and to keep airborne dust to a minimum. • To ensure that emissions from construction machinery and equ~pment are cohtrolled. • To contribute to the control of total vehicle emissions thr¢ugh the pro!motion of environmentally responsible motoring manner. During that contractor has to strictly follow the construction requirements regarding the environmentally period responsible construction performance as follows; • Remove construction materials and wastes from the construction area as soon as possible. 24 construction materials. Limit the extent of disturbed o(open surface • Restore disturbed areas as soon as . possible. .' Keep haulage distance of construction materials toa minimum. • Liniit construction activities on windy day. • Service equipment and machinery regularly to minimize vehicle emissions. I • Spray water pn open surface. 1 2. Contractor shoul9 plant tall, leafy, and Contractor Before ending of Included in a dense. vegetation between roads and local construction construction people' settlement. period budget 3. Traffic signs should be provided to facilitate Contractor Before ending of Included in a the traffic and minimize the congestion. construction construction . period budget i . 4. DOH'sdistrict engineer should maintain . Highway District Operation phase Included in DOH's l good condition of roadway and traffic signs routine to enhance the highest effiCiency of the maintenance vehicles. budget 5. Highway district should maintain tall, leafy, Highway District Operation phase Included in DOH's and dense vegetation between roads and routine local people' settlement. maintenance budget 6.3 WATER QUALITY AND HYDROLOGY A. Background Poor waste and site management, and erosion and drainage control can arise water quality issues relating to highway construction especially in the rainy season. Contamination of local watercourses from the operation of highway may also cause a long term e~ect on water quality. B. Objectives • To eliminate water pollution from construction activities. To protect the quality of waterways, groundwater, natural and built drainage systems. • To manage the quality of water runoff and minimize the impact from the highway on the local environment. 25 that contractor has to strictly follow the construction requirements regarding the environmentally period· bUdge~ responsible construction performance as follows: I • Bridges should be planned to be constructed during the dry season. • Vegetative area around 1 m from the waterways should be maintained as a buffer zone. • Contractor should consider planting native I' vegetation at the disturbed water streams • Construction material should be stored at least 100 m from the watercourse. • Waste dumping and equipment washing in the water streams is prohibited. • Construction vehicles and machineries should be regularly maintained to prevent fuel and oil leaks. • All chemicals, fuels, and other hazardous substances should be sequrely stored on imperviously bunded area. Bunded areas should not be in areas prone to :flooding. 2 Construction areas along the waterway Contractor During Include:d in a should be control to minimize any possible constructiofl constrrtion soil erosion and drainage of sediment into period budget the waterway 3 Construction camp should be at least 50 m Contractor During Includfc in a from waterway and wastewater management constructio~ constr ction should be establish, e.g. septic tank, period budget I wastewater drainage system. Other justifiable measures will be taken to prevent the water stream contamination by containing wastewater generating from construction camp. 4. DOH's district engineer should regularly Highway District Operation phase Includ in maintain and clean runoff drainage system to DOH's routine ensure the highest efficiency. mainte .ance budget 5. Grass and side trees should be maintained Highway District Operation phase Include~ in as a tool for controlling of sediment, and DOH's ~outine runoff. mainte1ance budget I 26 6.4 CONSTRUCTION CAMP A. Background Usually, construction worker are mainly not local people. Construction camp is needed· to temporarily accommodate workers." Consequently, it is likely to generate the sanitary problems if the construction camp is not well controlled. B. Objectives • To obtain good sanitary conditions for construction workers. Contractor should plan and set up Contractor During Included ina construction camp following the criteria construction construction below: period budget • Location of the camps - the area s for locating the camps should be at least 50 m from waterway and within the service area of electricity and water supply. • Waste management - garbage tank should be provided throughout tlie construction camp. Garbage tank should be regularly emptied and cleaned. Other disposal method should be approved and in line with local regulations. • Sanitation -safe and clean drinking water should be provided to all construction workers at all times. Construction camp should be kept clean atall times. Clean restrooms are provided at least 1 restroom per 15 workers. ' • Management of sewage -wastewater from construction camp will be contained and treated via on site septic tank prior to discharge off. • Safety - all workers should be trained in safety precaution and emergency plan prior to the construction. Adequate first aid kit should be provided. • Removal of the camps and facilities - all camps and facilities will be removed when the construction is completed. The areas will be restored as close as possible to the original conditions. 27 2 Regular inspection of construction camp should be held to ensure that all Project Engineer construction constr~cti.on requirements are met. period budg 6.5 SOIL AND EROSION A. Background I . Highway construction comprises many activities that are likely cause soil ~rosion, e.g. ~xcavation, earthworks, and soil aggregate. Large areas of topsoil may be exposed tb wind and rUfOff, which primarily causes soil loss. Soil erosion is, therefore, the major contri~utor to the uild-up of sediment in the water streams. B. Objectives • To protect exposed soil surfaces from erosion • To protect and conserve soils. ,I • To protect waterc,ourses and downstream water bodies from,' siltation, se1imentation and water pollutants. . , ! DOH sh.ould specify additi.onal requirements Contractor, DOH During I IncluQedin a i f.or controlling .of soil er.osi.on as following: constru<1ion conSluction peri.od . • Do not disturb or strip vegetation. If it is budg I' necessary to rem.ove the vegetation cover, strip the t.oPsoil immediately after clearing, stockpile and re-use the tops.oiI to rehabilitate the areas that has been disturbed. • Minimize the area .of land disturbed and period of exposure at any pOints. • Keep stockpiles of c.onstruction materials clear of drainage lines. • Protect embankment fr.om run.off and erosion. Embankment protection and control devices include silt fences, mulch or temp.orary plant c.overs. • Contain and equip construction materials st.orage area with drainage system. • Prevent the transport .of sediment from material stockpiles. 28 of construction material storage areas by temporary vegetation or gravel. • Divert natural runoff around construction areas prior to any site disturbance. • Restrict vehicle movement over cleared areas. 15. All drainage structures and erosion controls ContraCtor, During Included in a should t>e monitored and repaired Highway District construction construction periodically. and operation budget and Phase DOH's routine maintenance budget 2 Sediment structures and drainage paths Highway District Operation Included in should be maintained through regular Phase DOH's routine cleaning and flushing out of sediment and maintenance litter, in order to retain maximum budget effectiveness 3 Grassing cover should be maintained over District Operation Included in side slope to prevent soil erosion from runoff Phase DOH's routine during rainy season. maintenance budget 6.6 TRANSPORTATION A. Background Highway construction will result in a noticeable increase in the volume of local traffic by transportation of construction materials! equipment. The increased traffic could reduce the level of road' safety if not properly managed in particular to on site workers, road users, and surrounding communities. Road accidents may occur that could result in injuries, deaths, and other environmental damage. B. Objectives • To minimize impacts from potentially increased traffic volume on local roads. • To ensure the safety of construction personnel and the public. 1. construction plan, activities, and appropriate construction alternative roads, in advance. budget .~---- ... ~'-- ... ~----'------'--...:..------29 management plan as described below: construytion construction period The contractor constructs first stage at b"dl"' · area outside edge of existing roadway. • During first stage construction, Interruptions to traffic flow on existing roadway are not allowed. If the contractor requires area on shoulder of existing roadway for construction, permission has to be obtained from the project engineer. The contractor shall provide preventive · measures against accident and inconvenience to the road user. The measure shall include installation of traffic sign,marking, Signal, lighting, and other incidental conforming to DOH. · After complete the first stage construction up to binder course layer, this layer will be opened to traffic serve. Then, the second stage construction will be commenced. · No space allowed on first stage construction area for second stage construction. After finishing the second stage · construction with all incidentals, all traffic will be diverted to use these areas, and then wearing course layer shall be placed in first stage construction area with all incidentals. • Lane blocking at any place and any time are not aHowed. Except the necessary area, blocking may be allowed at night time. During blocking time, both direction of traffic flpw shall be maintained at least one lane and preventive measures against accident shall be provided .. I I 3. Construction equipments and materials will Contractor During Included in a be moved during the off-peak period traffic to construction conslction avoid the traffic congestion. period budg '4. Temporary access to any existing areas Contractor During Includ6d in a along the roadway being constructed will be construct.ion con~trrction provided. period budge, 30 5 The routes, which have been used to Contractor During I Included in a 1 . transport construction equipments and construction . i construction materials, will be maintained in good period budget condition. 6. Road surface condition and traffic signs will Highway District I Operation InclUded in' be maintained. : Phase DOH's routine i maintenance budget I I i 6.7 SOCIO-ECONOMIC A. Bacl B. Objectives To maintain existing social systems and networking during construction. To manage community issues proactively and ensure stakeholder satisfaction with the public involvement process. To ensure that construction schedule is not delayed due to social oraconomic issues. commencement of civil work regarding construction construction temporary inconveniences during the period budget construction period. 2. Provide employment opportunities to the Contractor Beginning of Included in a local people as the first priority and as much construction , construction a s possible period budget 3. Temporary shops within ROW will be Contractor Beginning of Included in a relocated to appropriate areas prior the construction ! construction commencement. i period budget 4. Provide a telephone number as an Contractor During Included in a information line for community members to , construction construction call to request information or register period I budget complaints. I I /5. Provide clear signs on and around the Contractor During f Included in a construction site with essential information construction • construction 31 I about the project. period budg~t 6.8 FOREST RESOURCE A. Background. I . No ecologically sensitive areas and forest exist in the project area. However, some teaks and other plants will be removed and can result in the loss of vegetation from that site. Any loss of threatened vegetation will reduce the chances for the long term survival of that species. I B. Objectives To ensure that maximum vegetation is retained on-site. • To ensure that any rare species are not damaged by the construction activiti,s. 1. The contractor has to follow the requir'ements Contractor During Included in a . as described below; construction construction period budg+t • Avoid disturbing the vegetation in areas outside the construction zone. • Contact the Forest Industry Organization before removing teaks from the construction areas (if any). • Transplanting shall be considered as much as possible. 7. THE MONITORING PLAN 32 DOH will bear full responsibility for ensuring that the project complies with best environmental practices and meets the mitigation and monitoring requirements as described in this report. This program would form part of the documentation to which contractors respond and scope of the mitigation and the action plan are present in chapter 6: The Environmental Management Plan (EMP). To ensure highly effective EMP, a monitoring program has been developed. This environmental monitoring program involves two elements: environmental quality monitoring and monitoring of contractor's environmental performance. Environmental Quality can be assessed by common monitoring parameters such as Total Suspended Particle (TSP), and noise and vibration level. Given the extent of environmental impacts associated with the project, however, the environmental quality will not be significantly deteriorated. The impacts of highway widening are minor in nature and short in duration. In addition, the results of public involvement indicated that public rather concern about their convenience and safety as they rarely experience the severe impacts on dust, noise, and vibration nuisance. Furthermore, Environmental Management Plan has been .developed to ensure the Contractor's good environmental practices. However, DOH will require the Contractor to set up an emergency budget for environmental quality monitoring advised by Environment Group. This could be a result from periodic monitoring of the Contractor's environmental performance if any major deficiency of good practices is observed. The Contractor's Environmental Performance is the crucial factor contributing to .environmental quality. Therefore, a constructive monitoring on the Contractor's environmental performance has been set up. Environmental Management Monitoring Checklist has been developed for periodic monitoring by the Contractor, DOH's Project Engineer, and DOH's Environment Group. This checklist comprises five parts: project description, monitoring log sheet, monthly check and non compliance and corrective and preventive action. • Project description includes the detailed information of the project title, location, Contract period, DOH's Project Engineer, and The Contractor. • Monitoring log sheet records the monitoring date and presents the acknowledgement oUhe Contractor regarding the monitoring results. • Monthly Check involves common environmental. management, which should be established prior to the commencement of civil work and. all common construction activities, which could result in adverse environmental impacts. • Non-compliance and corrective and preventive action is a record of non-compliance identified from the periodic monitoring. This is to ensure that effective action is established to rectify any improper environmental management .or practices. DOH's Project Engineer will monitor the Contractor's environmental performance at least once a month. A monthly report, which contains completed monitoring checklist, summary of findings, 33 corrective and preventive actions, and cOPie. s of monitoririg checklists completed by the! Contractor will be submitted to DOH's Environment Group. . . . .-. DOH's Environment Group will conduct six-monthly monitoring· (audit) on the dontractor's environmental performance at least twice a year (during dry and wet sea~on). The coJractor and DOH's Project Engineer will be present throughout the monitoring. If any major deficiencies in good environmental practices are observed during monitoring, the Contractor will be respon~ble for the monitoring of environmental quality (dust, noise, vibration, water quality,: etc) as advitedby the Environment Group. The results of environmental monitoring will be compared with relevant I . environmental standards issued by enforcing authorities, e.g. the Pollution Control Department.· Appropriate correction will be carried out acCordingly. The summary of Il?onitoring resLlts will be submitted to the World Bank. . I PROJECT DESCRIPTION I ! Project Title I TyPe of Project New ('5J Widening 01 Rehabilitation I 34 , . i5I Overlay rJ! Others Location ' I I .. Contract period DOH's Project Engineer (Prirt) . (Inspector) (Signature) • Contractor's Project (Print) i Engineer (Signature) i. 35 .....,...:;*;' -'-r;f ~i"';~'!> '-,I - __ -~r;_>,_ ' _".».--,c,-' ,. cc,_ il' ~" .. '~'7- .,,-,. MONIT()RING LOG SHEET I Monitored by Acknowledged by Date I i (The Contractor, DOH's Project Engineer, I (The Contractor's sUbor~inate, or DOH's Environment Group) Contractor's Project EnQineer) . I I I i ! i i , i I I: II 1 36 No dust nuisance is observed from construction sites and facilities, material transport and opened surface. • Loaded trucks are covered or sprinkled. • No spill is observed on transport roads. No ground surface is being exposed longer than two days without water spray. Stockpiles are covered or sprinkled. 2 Borrow pits and quarries are located at least 500 m from settlement.areas and 100 m from water bodies. 3 Construction facilities: asphalt plant, concrete mixing plant, warehouse, chemical and waste storage area, are located at least 500 m from settlement area. Loading weight of trucks and driving speed are controlled. There is a record showing periodic maintenance of construction equipment and vehicle. 5 No flooding is observed Drainage channels are not blocked with sediment, garbage, residual construction material, etc. 6 No waste and high sediment is observed in water bodies Material and waste dumping into water bodies is prohibited • A proper control, e.g. net, to prevent any material from entering water bodies is in place when construction is carried out at/closed to water bodies. 7 Stockpile are located at least 100 m away from water bodies 8 On-site wastewater treatments are provided at construction camp, asphalt plant, concrete mixing plant, construction equipment and vehicle maintenance areas. Wastewater is collected and properly treated via on-site wastewater treatment plant prior to discharged off 10 Waste management procedure and equipment (waste container, waste storage area, etc) are in place. 37 construction site is prohibited. 12 Waste oil and liquid hazardous waste are collected and stored in closed container within imperviously bunded and floored area (with capacity aUeast 110% of capacity of the largest tank) 13. Garbage containers are adequately provided and kept closed at all times except when used: No overloaded garbage container is being observed. 14 Liquid and solid chemicals, including engine fuel, are stored in closed container or package within imperviously bunded and floored area (with capacity at least 110% of capacity of the largest tank). All chemical containers are labeled. Chemical containers are in good conditions and kept closed at 17 Free and safe movement of two-way traffic over the project section of highway or road exposed to the haul of materials is maintained. Temporary detour roads are maintained in good conditions .. Warning signs, barricades or illumination are provided in accordance with DOH's standards. • Any damage to existing and detour roads is repaired in.a timely manner 18 Construction sites and worker camp are kept clean and tidy. 19 Clean restrooms are provided to construction workers at least 1 restroom per 15 workers .. 20 First aid kits and personal protective equipment are provided and easily accessible by construction workers. 38 Project Title Monitoring Date _ .. - Description of non-compliance , i Location Corrective and preventive actions , Target Date - Contractor's project engineer DOH's project engineer (Print) (Print) -"" (Signature) (Signature) Close-up Completely closed G Incompletely closed (describe here i ) DOH's project engineer (Print) (Signature) Date 39 8. PUBLIC INVOLVEMENT 8.1 Introduction Public involvement is one of the important parts for all projects that will be preceded by the DOH. The purpose of the Public Involvement is to insure that development road project unqertaken by the DOH including "adequate public involvement prior to action. More specifically, w~ expect to ensure that views, concerns, and values of all stakeholders involved are known and p~rticipated. Comments from the stakeholders would be considered and incorporated into the design and mitigation plan. The ultimate goal is to provide the better road service for most of the pefPle and to minimize social impacts and environmental impacts to local communities and natural e~vironment. This public involvement is part of art environmental study of the proposed highway-widening project I to be financed by the World Bank Loan. ' 8.2 Purpose of the Public Meeting The DOH chooses the public meeting technique for this project. The reason is tha~the public meeting is the direct means in receiving recommendations from the wid~ range of stjkehOlders. The purposes of the public meeting are to: '.' i 1. Provide an up to date information of the. DOH project to all involved stakeholfers, 2. Provide opportunities for stakeholders to exchange inf~)rmation thafwill be incorporated into the design and mitigation plan, and ' 3. Reduce the conflict and encourage the public to participate in the develr', pm.ent of highway project. 8.3 Stakeholders The stakeholders for this project can be divided to be 5 groups as follows:- . 1. The community leader and local people living along the roadsid~. 2. Government officials compose of : • Sattahip District Chief Officer, • Chief of Chonburi Provincial Land Office, • Superintendent, Tambon Phlutaluang Police Station, PhlutaluangChief Executive of the SAO, and i • Huai Yai Mayor. I 3. Private and business sector comprise of Gas Station Manager (PTT Phlutal~ang) and Pajong Restaurant Manager. ' 4. Mass media compose of localtelevision station ofSattahip District. 5. Other interested people. 40 8.4 Agency Responsibilities Both representative from central office and regional office of the Department of Highway will be in charge of this project. 8.5 Date/Time/Location The public meeting was held on 15th January 2009 between 9.30 am and 12 pm at Sattahip Highway Depot, Sattahip District, Chonburi Province. Sattahip Highway Depot is readily accessible, centrally located, well.known among the stakehblders, adequate circulation space for handicapped .and wheelchairs at the entrance and throughout the meeting room (in case disabled people) and usually provide ample parking. 8.6 Disclosure Information 1.. Background of the project 2. Road design I 3. Environmental impacts and mitigation measures 8.7 Summary of Public Involvement There are 37 persons in this public meeting. The suggestion of the participants meeting as the followings: b '.· .'pro" ·"~·s·,'."es· ..•. ...•.•...... ~es ., ~'/~r', ,}~r~ 1 1. Environment Problem of flood and drainage shall be solved , . In designing. The problem of flood was already especially at the junction of route 331 to route 3. considered and incorporated in construction I drawing. . 2. Safety Appropriate location of U-turn shall be provided. I The suggestion will be taken into consideration and ,. be incorporated with other concerned agencies for Implementing. Pedestrian bridge at KM 10 is needed The suggestion will be taken into consideration and be incorporated with other concerned agencies for, implementing, ! ~ghttime traffic signs and signals shall be . It was already taken into mitigation measures for I I installed. safety and the contractor will be responsible for this ,. during the construction phase. During construction, placing of construction The suggestion will be taken into consideration and materials shall be well managed to prevent be incorporated with other concerned agencies for difficulty in accessibility. implementing. 41 9. CONCLUSION Since the project road passes through relatively flat terrain, no ecologically sensitive ar a such as national park found, therefore, impact on natural environment is considered to be n1ligible. In addition, the widening activities will be done within the existing ROW, no additional I nd will be acquired. Impacts arising from road construction, hence, are insignificant and can .• ntirely be mitigated. During construction, impacts on people and environment would then be controlled by . proper monitoring plan. In brief, the widening project. by nature, will not create any significant impact on environment. Based on the public participation activities, it is revealed that Ithe public targets' suggestions are~ taken into consideration for further modification of;the project aAd to be in conformed with the local communities' needs. 42 ANNEX I Resettlement Impacts Data (1) Temporary Shop within the Existing ROW Annual Floor space of Shelter space Annual income I I Name of the family private house area area inside from shop within Product persons· income • beyond right of way right of way. ROW (8ahttYear) (8ahtIYear) (m2) (m2) • Mr.Suppachai 300,000 25,000 320 10 Noodle i Tantiwong Mrs.Pranom 150,000 18,000 N.A. N.A. Food Wongpramote Mr.Chart 200,000 N.A. 1600 N.A. Grocery Meerod Mrs. Kanyaporn 15,000 15,000 N.A. N.A. Fishery Wongdule Equipment (2) Cultivated Land on the Existing ROW None 43 ANNEX II Picture of the Public Involvement Process January 15, 2009