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MIGRATI0N PATTERN OF POST-NESTING GREEN Title TURTLE IN THE GULF OF

Charuchinda, Mickmin; SAKAMOTO, Wataru; ARAI, Author(s) Nobuaki; Monanunsap, Somchai

Proceedings of the 3rd Workshop on SEASTAR2000 (2002): Citation 53-57

Issue Date 2002

URL http://hdl.handle.net/2433/44159

Right

Type Conference Paper

Textversion publisher

Kyoto University 53

MIGRAT10N PATTERN OF POST・NESTING GREEN TURTLE TN THE

Mickmin Charuchindal，WataruSakamoto2，NobuakiArai3 andSomchaiMonanunsapl

I seaTurtIeConsewat10nStat（On，Depa′加entofFisheITeS，Mannajlsland， 尺∂yO叩27了90m∂胸〃d．仁m∂〟ニm∂〃na／＠／0詔J】hco．肋 G帽du∂feScJlOO／0川9〝CU／fu帽，杓のfoUnルe／苫／如Kyofo，J∂p∂∩． 亡－m∂〟了5∂k∂mOわ＠欠∂fs．欠yoわーU．∂C加 GJ召du∂feSc／100／O戸山わ／m∂〟c5，均のfoUnルe侶／如町0れノ叩∂n． E－m∂〟了∂帽／＠b帽．80C．／．吋Ofo－U．∂C加

ABSTRÅCT

SatelliteteIernetryuslngtheArgossystemwasempIoyedtostudytheIong－rangemlgratOrytraVelofeIeven POSt－neStinggreenturtlesCheloniamydasintheGulfofThailandduTingtheyearof2000－2001・Theresultsshowed thattheturtlesmlgratedmainlyintwodirections，thefirstroutestretchedeastwardalongtheeasterncoastofthe GulfofThailandtoVietnampeninsular，SOmeCrOSSedSouthChinaSeaandenteredSuluSeaofPhilipplneSWater・ ThesecondroutewentdowntothesouthacrosstheGuEfofThailandtoMalayslaPeninsular．Themlgrationdistance rangedfrom456r2，823kmwiththetravelspeedofl・13－2・77kmhr－1・ltcouldbepointedoutthatgreenturtlesin ThaiEandhavewidedistributionsharingmanyforagingsitesamongneighborcountries・Thereisthusnodoubtthat morecooperativeresearchisneeded betweencountriesforconservationofourseatultleintheregIOn・

Keywords＝ greenturtle，Sate＝tetdemetry，m］grationpattern，GulfofThailand・

lNTRODUCT10N

SeaturtlesaremarinemlgratOrySPeCies，andthey Stillscanty．This studytherefore employed sate”ite can beconsideredasshared stocksamongcountries telemetryequlPmenttOtraCkmigratoryroutesofgTeen accoTding to the conservation and management turtles（Che／oniamydas）intheGuFfofThailandandtried concept．SoutheastAsian regEOnisoneofthe most tofindoutthespeciflCforagLngareaSOfThailandrsgreen importanthabitatsforseaturtleswithalargenumberof tultle females， turtlenesting．Severalstudiesonlong－distancemlgration ofseatLErtIesindicatedthatadultfemaleshavefldelityto MATERIALSANDMETHODS theirspecificfeedinggroundafterflnishingreproductive activity（Balazsetal，1994；Lie“letal・1995，Luschietal・， Eleven green turtles，Chelonia mydas were 1996and MiEEeretal，1998）．Although mostseatur（Ie deployedwithARGOSPlatformtransmitterterminals populationsin this reg■On have been dramatically （PTl七）duringnestingseasonoftheyear2000－2001・ decreas－ngreCently．theknowledgeonfeedinglforaglng TwomodelsofPTlb，lt）（onics－ST18，aO．5wattstrans－ habitatandmigrationpatternofseaturtlesinthisareais mitterwith a dutycycle of8hours onin a dayand 54 Kiwisat－101mode［．al，O vvattstransmitterwith a duty Oftheeleventu州esare【istedinlbblel．SignaFtransmis－ CyCleof24hrson，WereemPloyedforturtletracking・In sion occurred while the turtles surfaced for breathing 2000，five adultfemales ofKo KhramIsland（12．68N， andtheywereinterpretedandanalyzedbytheARGOS 100．78E）andMannailsland（12・61N，101・69E）inthe SatelLitesystem．ThereliabilityofIocationisaffectedby GulfofThailandweredeployedwith41盲10nicsPTl竜and thenumberofslgnalreceived duringeach passageof lKiwisat PTT，andin200lonly Kiwisat models＼〟eTe thepolar－Orbitingsate”ite，andisclassif（edintosixlocation attachedtosixturtles．ThePTTsweregruedonthe Classes，Theaccuratelocationsarerepresentedbythree second central scale of the carapace and safely Classes：LCl，2and3byavariationdistancewithin COVered with fiberglass c［oth and polyester resinr lOOOm，350mand150mrespectively，WhereasLCO， NestingdataoftheturtleswererecordedindetailsthTOugh A and B locations have considerable error and their the Long－term tagglng PrOgram On theislands．TurtleaccuracylS nOtgUaranteed bytheARGOS system． names，tagnumbers，bodysizesandthedateofrelease

Tablel．Taginformation ofgreenturtles nestinglntheGulfofThailanddurjng2000－2001

No． Name PIT PTT Datereleased Bodysize Track EDNo． 1bgNo． CCWxCCL（Cm） duration（days）

6 64 14 42 0U7一 9 37 20 49 06 31 7一 nO GT－01 Sampreang 16724 116835593 18May2000 91，0〉（104．0 GT－02 KoKhram 28534 116874117 29Jun2000 85．O x98．0 GT－03 Sattahip 28533 116918551 29Jun2000 86．O x94．0 GT－04 28532 116911111 29Jun2000 89．0〉（100．0 GT－05 ChaoSamut 16723 116911594 12Sep2000 86．0〉（98．0 GT－06 NgamlbKhramYaiO9786 116828591 9Aug2001 81．4x95．7 GT－07 Khram Noi O9804 116944367 10Aug2001 90．0×98．5 GT－08 Sri Anunt 09785 115738171 10 Aug 2001 89．7x95．8 GT－09 Boon LoL（ng O9787 116945225 10Aug2001 80．7×88．9 GT－10 Sri Suk 09788 116779761 15 Aug 2001 75．5×81．0 GTLll 17682 116736265 3Sep2001 85．O x95．0

RESULJS

Theindividualm［gratOry］OurneySOfgreenturt［es． PeninsularclosetoSingapore（Fig．1）．1tseemsthetur［le Which nestedinthe Gu）fofThairand，are aSfollows： WaSStil】injourneytoforagInggrOundafterthetransmis－ Sionwasover．Thetotaldistancewasaboutl，307kmin GT・01（Sampreang：lD16724） 48dayswith a caFculated swimming speed ofl．13km hr－1． The first female was released with a Telonics ST－18PTTon18May2000afterherlandingonMannai GT－02（KoKhram：lD28534） lsland，Rayong P「ovince，Since she had notfinished nesting．shereappearedagainontheMannaibeachfor Theturtlewasdeployedwithlb10nicsST－180n nestingon20MayanditlookedlikeasherEastnesting 29June2000atKoKhramlsland，innerGulfofThailand． intheseason．TheslgnalsreceivedfromherPTTwere Shestartedhe「journeyon4Julytothesoutheastalong a veryfew（OnIy6positions）．Thefirst signalwas thecoastofRayongtoTratProvince，Thailandandpassed transmittedon25Maythatwaspresumedtobethestart Cambodia and Vietnamwaters．AfterlO daysofthe OfherJOurney，On8Juneshewentdowntothesouth JOurney，thesignarretrievaldid notappearfora half－ directlyand seemlnglycrossedthe GulfofThailand to month，On29Julyhersignalwasreceivedagainbythat MaIaysia peninsular．Theturtle arrived atthe coastoftimeshehadalreadycrossedtheSouth－ChinaSeaand KuaIaTerengganu，MalayslaOn23Juneandthenpassed reachedtothenorthofBorneoIslandnearSabahState， OffPahang State headingto Malaga Strait．Thelast East Malaysia（Fig．1）．Fromthelast record，thetuTtk reIiablepositionwasrecordedoffthetipofMalays■an WaSfound entering SuIu Sea on17Augustand she 55

F短．ナ Mノ9帽亡肋1rOリーeSOfpo5r【neS血99佗en山′廿es〟－〟ほGu／fofm∂／／∂ndr椅C女edb′S∂fe冊e始／eme≠〃

might have continuedthetravelelsewhere・Thetotal GT－05（ChaoSamut：lD16723） 」Oumeydistancewasabout2，340kmin45dayswitha calcu［atedswimmingspeedof2・13kmhr－11 TheturtEevvasdeployedwithaKiwisat－10lon12 September2000afterthefourth nestingfoundin the GT・03（Sattahip：lD28533） SeaSOnatKoKhramlsland．0n17Septembe「Shestarted trave”lngtOtheeasterncoastofThailand and passed Theturtlewasattachedwithal七［onics ST－180n throughthecoastalislandstoCambodianwateTS・She 29June2000afterhersecondnestingintheseasonat arrived at the nearshore water close to Ronglsland， KoKhramls（and，ChonburiProvince．Thereceivedsig～ Cambodia on30ctober2000and stayed around this nalsindicatedonIy2positionswithinaspanof9days・ areafor2months（Fig．1）．Thetotaljourneydistance Thelocationsshowedthatshewasst‖aroundKoKhramWaS about456kmin16dayswith a calculated swim－ lslandfornesting． mingspeedofl，19kmhr－1・

GT－04（Chonburi：lD28532） GT－06叩gamね：lDO9786）

Shewasalsodep10yedwithaTebnicsST－180n Theturtlewas attachedwith a KivJisat－10lon 29June2000aftertheflrStneStingfoundatKoKhram 9August2001afterthesecond nestinglntheseason Island．Thereceivedsignalsshowedllpositionsin40 foundatKoKhramIsland．0n22Augustshecameagaln days・HowevershedidnotmDVedawayfromtheislandonthesamebeachfortheEastnestingofseasonandlaid probablybecauseshehad notfinishednestingforthe Only9eggs・Shethen begantravel［lngtOtheeastern

SeaSOn． coastofThaiFand and moved to Cambodia waters and VietnamPeninsulafoIEowlngthesametrackwiththeTurtle 56

GT－02．She crossed South－China Sea and headed toL agedspeedof2・77kmhrl・ ward the coastof North Borneo［sland．Theturtle was foundmovlngtOthenortheastalongthecoastofSabah GT－09（SrjAnunt：lDO9787） State，EastMalaysiauntilshearrivedatSu［uSea．The transmissionreceivedafter36daysofherarrivalshowed Theturtlewas attached with a Kiwisat－10lonlO thatshewasstillaroundsomeislandsin Sulu Sea．She August2001afterflnishingthefourthnestingintheseason traveledtota11yalongdistanceof2，435kmin43days foundatKoKhramlsland．Shewasfoundonthebeach withanaveragedspeedof2・36kmhrl・ for nesting again for26days aftertag deployment・ Unfortunately，afterthelastnestingfoundon4SeptembeT， GT－07（KllraTTIYai：lDO9804） the slgnalwas absentfoT23days and then on27 Septemberherposition slgnaLwasappeared agalnin The turtlewas transferred whilelanding on the theoffshoreofSouthVietnam，ShetraveledatIeast850 nestingbeachtothemainlandofSattahipDistrict，20km kmfromthenestingareaduringthisperiod・Theturtle farfrom the beach ofKo Khramlsland onlOAugust thenmlgratedacrosstheSouthChinaSeaandreached 2001fordisplacementt「iaL Shewas attached with a toBorneorslandatBruneiwaters．Thenshemoveda10ng KiwisatrlOlonllAugustand afterreleaslng Shewent thecoastofBruneiforafewdaysuntiltheendoftrans－ backimmediateIytohe「nestingbeachandreachedthere missiononllNovember．1btal）OurneyCOVerbythis Within6hrfornestingagain，Thenshewasfoundmak－ turtlewas2，004kmin49dayswithanaveragespeedof 1ngatemPOrarytraVeEtothewesterncoastoftheGuEfof l．70kmhr1． Thailandandstayedthereforacoupleofdaysandtrav－ eledbacktoKoKhramfornestingagalnOn20August GT－10（BoonLoung：lDO9788） and4September．Unfortunately，afterthatthesFgnalwas lostfor a halfmonth period and was recovered agaln The turtFe was attached with a Kiwisat－10lon15 WhentheturtlereachedthecoastofKualal奄「engganu， August2001afterthe¶rstnestinglntheseasonfound MaJaysiaon21September2001．Thoughthetrackingof at Ko Khram rsland．Aftertag deploymentthe signals this turtle resembled the route ofthe flrSt turtle GT－01， WerereCeivedingoodconditionwithreliablepositionbut heTt「aVelmighthaveterminatednearshoretowardsthe thelocationindicated theturt［ewas staylng arOund the tip of Malaysian Peninsula and stayed there for manynesting site foT mOre thanl．5months．However．she days．The totaljoumey distance covered was about WaS neVe「「eallyfound onthe beach duringthosedays l，260kmin31dayswithanaveragedspeedofl．64kmeven though she could have nested manytimes．The hr－1， transmissionshowedhersma”movementon190ctober， WhichmightindicatetheendDfnestingandthebeginnlng GT・08（KhramNoi：lDO9785） Ofmlgration．Unfortunatdy．itwastheend oftransmis－ Sionson21Augustafter67daysofsignar reception． This turtle was also transferred to the coast of Sattahip District，20km awayfrom KoKhramlsland on GT－11（SriSuk：lD17682） lOAugust2001af（ersheflnishedtheflrStneStingfound

at Ko KhramlsIand．She was attached with a Kiwisat－ The turtle was attached with a Kiwisat-lOl on 101beforedispracementreleas［ng．ShelTlgratedimme－ 3September2001afterthefi「stlandingwasfoundin diatelyfrom the coastofSattahiptowards the eastern the nesting season．Hernestingwas discovered on6 COaStOfThailandandpassedCambodiawatertothetip September．Consideringthetransmission receivedshe OfSouthVietnamPeninsula．Thenshemoveduptothe COUldhavenestedmanytimesonKoKhrambeachunti1 no「theast，PaSSedthroughtheCon DaoIsland National 12November．Sheleftthenestingsiteforherpostnest－ ParkofVietnamandarrivedveryclosetoasma］lisrand 1ng mIgration withthesamet「ackas manyturtles by namedPhuQuy．locatedtotheeastofHoChiMinhCity，CrOSSlng South－China Sea．Hertrackwasless straight Vietnam，about120kmfromshore．TheturtletookonlybLrt She also arrived at PaJawanIsJand，PhilippIneS． 19daysfor hert「avelrIng tO the destination，then the rocatedtothenorthofBomeoJsland．SignaItransmission Slgnalshowedthatshespent∈川timesofmorethan70 WaS OVerOn31December2001beforetheturtle entered daysforstayingaroundPhuQuylsFand．TheEastreriable theSuluSea．Thetotalmgrationdistancewas2，823km POSition was on14November2001．ThetotaltraveI in45dayswithanaveragedspeedof2，61kmhrl． distancewasaboutl，263kmin19dayswithanaverL 57

D］SCUSS10N theirforaginghabitataftertheendofnesting．1tcan be COnCluded thatthe green tu「tles nestinglnthe Gulfof Theresultsindicatedthatthegreenturtles，Which Thailand are aninternationalresource，dispersed over arefoundnestinglntheGulfofThailandcanmlgratetO thewatersofMalaysia．PhilipplneS，lndonesiaandBrunei． manydifferentresidentfeeding groundsinthe reg10n． Therefore，theintemationalstrategyand effortprogTam Thisstudypresentsthedataonmigrationpatternsofthe forthelong－termreSearChonseaturtlesandtheirhabitats fema－eswhichtraveledlongdistancebackonmanyways， areurgentlyneededtoconservethisendangeredspecies． mainlyinthesoutheastdi「ection and south direction tD

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