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AUTHOR ropney, Donna TITLE . Grade Six, Unit Three, 6.3. Comprehensive Social Studies Curriculum for the Inner City. INSTITUTION Youngstown Board of Education, Ohio. SPONS AGENCY Office of Education (DREW), Washington, D.C. PUB DATE Jun 11 NOTE 46p..; For related documents see ED 070 693 and SO008 272 through SO 008 300

EDRS PRICE MF-$0.76HC-$1.95 PLUS POSTAGE DESCRIPTORS *Area Studies; Elementary Education; *European History; *Foreign Relations; Grade 6; History Instruction; Instructional Materials; Learning Activities; *Social Studies Units; ; Urban Education; ; World Geography IDENTIFIERS *Czechoslovakia; Elementary Secondary Education Act Title III; FICSS; Focus on Inner City SocialStudies; of Socialist

ABSTRACT This sixth grade unit is one of a sequentiallearning series of the Focus on Inner City Social Studies(FICSS) project developed in accordance with the needs and problemsof an urban society. A description of the project is providedin SO 008 271. As part of the sixth grade curriculum focusing onworld power, this six week unit studies the factors involved inCzechoslovakia's political and economic destiny. Specific studentinquiry areas include Czechoslovakian history and geography, the fall ofCzechoslovakia 1938-1948, Czechoslovakia in the Communidt Camp1948-1965, the new spirit of liberalization 1965-1968, and the Russianinvasion 1968. The content of the unit includes teachingstrategies, source materials, learning objectives, specific learningactivities, and teacher and student resources. (Author/DE) p" 00"1287 DUCEDTHIS DOCUMENT .EXACTLY ASHAS RECEIVED BEEN REPRO FROM U.S. DEPARTMENT OF HEALTH. NATIONALEDUCATION& INSTITUTE WELFARE OF EDUCATION GRADE SIX, UNIT THREE CZECHOSLOVAKIA EDUCATIONSENTSTATEDATINGTHE PERSON OFFICIAL IT DOPOINTS POSITIONNOT OR NATIONAL ORGANIZATIONOFNECESSARILY VIEW OR POLICYINSTITUTEOR OPINIONS ORIGINREPRE OF "Comprehensive Social Studies Curriculum for the Inner City" according toas thedeveloped by 6.3 !,Focus on Inner City Social MelvinStudies) Arnoff, Project Director Kent StateAssociate University Professor Project FICSS ShariUnitDonna EditorAuthorPopenPopney MansfieldAkronCantonParticipating School Districts and Superintendents Mr.Dr. RobertConrad Henry E.C.Kurdziel GlassOtt TheHealth, work presentedEducation, or and reported Welfare. herein was performed pursuant to a grant from the U. S. Office of Education, Department of However, the opinions expressed herein Youngstowndo not necessarily Diocese reflect the position or policy Msgr.Dr. RichardWm. A. HughesViering of the U. S. Office of Education and no official endorsement by the U. S. Office of Education should be inferred. Project No. 6090 June, 1971 ACKNOWLEDGEMENT AND DISCLAIMER The work presented or herein reported was per- formed pursuant to a grant from the U.S. Office of Education through the Ohio. Department of Educa- tion, Division of Planning and Evaluation. However, the opinions or work expressed herein do not necessarily reflect the position or policy of the Ohio Department of Education, and no official endorsement by the Ohio Department of Educa- tion should be inferred.

00003 t INTRODUCTION TO THEScope CURRICULUM of the OFCurriculum GRADE SIX of Grade Six THEThe STATEunits ANDof gradeNATION. six naturally grow out of those of grade five which had as Grade six, therefore. is concerned with WORLD POWER. In grade theirfive studentstheme POWER IN otherEducation.Inlearned nationsgrade about six, live twothe as majorunitsa result systemsare ofgeared the in exercisewhichto help are students ofinvolved , investigate some economic large thedegree and conditions political of power, underpower In addition, they learned about some of the elements of social power. , and which people in in their Theofcountries.lives powerexistence of is sixth an of important gradepower pupils;is issuefactual. itwhich is nois lessconsidered. true of the world. The extent to which the is involved in guiding or controlling the How it should be exercised is moral. Thus, pupils must consider the moral This is true even in the exercise Specificallyuse of world the power units for in only the insixth this grade way willsequence they are:progress 6.1 Viet Nam toward becoming informed, oral agents. 6.56.46,36.26.6 CzechoslovakiaNaziBiafraMiddle The GermanyMoon andEast South (1968) Africa thisusedofTo theirsome, gradeand onresourcesthe level. what last priorities. unitin space may appearexploration. out of place, butit is not. Thus the 6.7 unit appears appropriate as a concluding study for Money is power and one must consider how it is to be National powers invest a large part CZECHOSLOVAKIAIntroduction 6.3 Thisand unitas a dealsSoviet-controlled with the of .Czechoslovakia and its history both as an independent nation politicalareAnupCzechoslovakia's attempt presentedto the thought isSoviet tomade show and politicalinvasionto onwhereanalyze the of everandpeople and1968, economicpossible study affected both the thethe factorsby actionscause this andinvolvedthought. of effectinvading in of major countriessocial events and and militarywhich Slovak controlled eventscitizens on destiny. Beginning with the German invasion in 1938

ii BibliographyRESOURCES Pupil Roucek, Joseph S. Lerner Publications Co., 1967. The and in America. (5 copies $2.95 each) Minneapolis, Minnesota: McSwigon,Hall, Elvajean, M. The Land and People of Czechoslovakia.Avenue, S. New York, New York, 10003. All Aboard for Freedom. New York: (3 copies $4.95 each) E.P. Dutton, 1954. Philadelphia: 201 Park J.B. Czechoslovakia: Lippincott, Co., 1966. " and " Color (Filmstrip) Current (5 copies, $3.25 each) Affairs 1 Teacher Films through Social Studies School Series. Avon Books The Hearst Corp., (3 copies $7.50 each) James,Littell, Robert Robert. Thodes: 959Ltd., Eigth 1969 Avenue, (1 copy New '4.80) York, N.Y. 1969. (ed.) The Black Book. The Czechoslovak Crisis, 1968. (1 copy - paperback $1.25) London: Cox and Wyman Weisskopf,Ello, Paul Kurt. Ph.D. Co., (1 copy $3.95 each) TheCzechoslovakia's Agony Czechoslovakia Blueprint '38-'68. for "Freedom". New York: Washington, D.C. J.B. Lippincott Braddick, Henderson B. , Czechoslovakia, Acropolisand$3.95the the May Granteach)Books, Crisis, 1968. 1938. Denver, Colorado:(1 copy $5.95 each) iii University of Denver, 1969 in (1 copy RESOURCES (Continued) JournalistKorbel, Joseph. M. DoubledayNew Jersey: and Company, Inc., 1971. A year is Eight Months:PrincetonCommunist University,Subversion of1959. Czechoslovakia 1938-1948. Czechoslovakia(1 copy $1.95 1968. - paperback, Anchor Books) (1 copy $5.95 each) Garden City: Princeton,

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00008 OBJECTIVES A. Knowledge The pupil will know that 2.1. PolandtheCzechoslovakia major and theregions Soviet has of common Union.Czechoslovakia borders with are WestBoehmia, Germany, , , and ., 5.4.3. thetextiles, major cattle,rivernationalityresources of coal, Czechoslovakia of groups Czechoslovakiaand glass. of Czechoslovakia is the are . timber, are grapes,the Czechs iron and ore, Slovaks. sugar, C:C: A 8.6. northCzechoslovakiaTheseCzechoslovakiaboth ofalsoGermany Austria. represent andwas is Russiaoncelocated the part twohave in ofmajor centraloccupied the areasAustro-Hungarian and of controlledthe to country.the eastEmpire. Czechoslovakia. of Germany and the C: 11.10. 9. alliedGermanyPuppetCzechoslovakia's State.nations invaded of Czechoslovakia independenceGreat Britain was inand 1938destroyed and agreedclaimed in 1939 to border whenthe demands itareas. became of aGermany, German 13.12. 'Czechoslovakia'safterPoland,Britain. Czechoslovakia's and Hungaryideals offor democracydivision, some of thewerePresident lands destroyed belongingEduard by BenesGerman to Czechoslovakia.resigned occupation. and fled to Great 15.16.14. overPresidentpeoplesecurityCzechoslovakia of than HachaCzechoslovakia andever believed ofMoravia before.Czechoslovakia thatandwere placed underdeeply signed thethe impressed Communistdestiny a document byof Party thethe which CommunityCzechthey created hadpeople party.a.greater a inprotectorate the hands 18.17. protectionGermanyofGerman Hitler., troopsset toand up Czechoslovakia. violatedareasan independent of theBoehmia, state and Agreement ofMoravia. Slovakia by theirfor the occupation purpose of givingthe city Objectives (Continued) 19. Democratic structure of the Czech political life was done away with during the 20.21. economicalbecatiseprofitsGerman occupation. ofof system .Germanthe economic were occupation under system attack. of ofCzechoslovakia Czechoslovakia the aided Czech's the educationalGerman and rather 23.22. thanofthetoHitler's the protecttheir allied working liberationinvasion herinvasion class. interests. of fromof major Czechoslovakia Germany. European was welcomed forced by Russiathe Slovak into peopleWorld Warbecause II 25.24. ofSoviettheDubcekCzechoslovakia's the exiled .preachedUnion Slovak by reformwhich post-wargovernment Sovietto theCommunist Unionreturnedpeople. gave Party to up power underRuthenia because the andleadership ofthe the area of became Alexander with part the 2827.26. becausegovernment.power.Inin 1945,1948, of "freetheCommunist Communists elections" control staged in all Czechoslovakia areligion revolt andand broughtseizededucation controlthe was Communist underof the Communist toCzechoslovakian partial 30.29.31. PresidentliberalFrance,influence factionsGreatBenes Britain,became in Czechoslovakia head U.S.A. of therecognized "Free became Czechoslovakia" Benesdisillusioned government. movement. by Communist rule 33.32. andCzechslovakiaheavyCzechoslovakia looked industries to the is and Westernaof Communist Polandboth Worldcountries. set puppet upfor a a council ormore satisfactory for economic state. form cooperation of government. to control 36.35.34. governmentandparty.theliberal, foodCommunist rationingcontrol western-oriented party of in usedindustries the purge1950's. intellectuals trialswas a failureto surpressbecame as evidenceddissatisfied Czechoslovakia's by pricewith thefreedom.fixing Communist Objectives (Continued) 39.38.37. sincethroughCzechoslovakia 1948 free the and andCzechoslovakians secret elections, were trading came the to partners. Communistsrely became the largest party. 41.40. deprivedSovietWest, for leadership thehelp. people failed of their to strengthensavings and the consumer goods. of Czechoslovakiaon the and Soviet Union, not the 43.42. Alexandertounderfought control theagainst Dubcek, leadershipits ownthe the destinyGermans Firstof Alexander Secretaryand suggestedwas Dubcek, of the reforms. Czechoslovakia Slovak a Moscow-trained Communist. , had made an effort 44., expression,theseminoritytheideas. Action reforms party aProgramme, new grewrepresentation, , out includedof displeasure friendshipandsuggested an with reformswith Soviet-imposed all in nations the economic open economy. area of freedom of including , and political 47.46.45. offerCzechoslovakianSoviet-ledthisthe Sovietresistancerevisionism. troopsUnion leadersto Communistcrossedthe Sovietappealed the Party troops.border to decided all into citizens toCzechoslovakia of Czechoslovakia use indirect pressure to stop on August 20, 1968. not to 50.49.48. Alexandernewstothe defend Slovakof theDubcek their army,Czechoslovakian wascountry. security arrested corps invasionand andheld people's reachedcaptive themilitiaduring world's thedid capital cities. not receive command 52.51. studentstotheSoviet prevent western forces in it. manyworld and partswasfrowned accused of theupon ofworld the harboring invasionreacted of Czechoslovakia a counter-revolutionto the invasion in Czechoslovakia. of Czechoslovakia occupation by but did nothing 54.53. government.Presidenttheto protest Compromise Svobda movements. governmentcooperated workedwith Russian out With leaders Svobda, and Dubcek proposed and Russian officials, a compromise 56.55. GustavCzechoslovakia.Alexanderincluded Husak Dubceka formreplaced returnedof military Dubcek to ashisoccupation first country Secretary andand rigidremains in controlApril, 1969. a in the eyes of of press and communication. 3 TheObjectives following (Continued) terms and identifications 3.2.1. HitlerDenesDubcek 6.5.3.7. NationalismPuppetMunichPurge StateAgreement 11.10. 9.8. WorldCensorshipActionSlovakia War Program II

4 Objectives (Continued) Skills 2.The 1.pupil will be able to: organizeuse resources and prepare in the aclassroom presentation and libraryto share to find information. information with the class 5.4.3. evaluatefunctionusebased a onmap the effectivelythe or classroom activitiesglobe to in presentationslocate alisted committee and in identifythis by as evidenced by his participationunit. and their own and otherareas committees. discussed in the unit. 7.6. aboutdifferentiaterelatingreadcontribution theand invasiontothink this betweento critically the unit.of taskCzechoslovakia.fact ofandin the orderpropaganda committee. expressed to evaluate the facts and opinions in articles and books 10. 9.8. organizebethislist, selective unit. andgroup, evaluate it and _sing label information audio-visual questions used aboutmaterials. in the committee research.material to be studied in 13.14.12.11. reservelearnlisten to judge attentivelyandtake observe notes whilewhenwith othersaocher committeesspeak. until speaker's entire presentation has purpose. are presenting their reports. been heard. 18.17.16.15. writeunderstandspeakrespect with with claritythe theaccuracy right need and andforand exactness. opinionsrulespoise. and of the others. necessity for observing them. 22.21.20.19. anddistinguishacceptprofit to!:ethat the fromwhichpart rolebetween criticism incalls ofmaking leader workfor andthe groupthat or suggestions.rules follower, effort. needed ad by the can be done most efficiently by indivi.11s a group. situation requires, 5 Objectives (Continued) TheAttitudes pupil will: 2.1. orbepeopleFeel his convinced compassionoriginal and their that graphic fordisappointment freedom the material Czechoslovakian must bedepictingwith daily the preservedpeople U.S.R.the effects as orevidenced imperceptablyof loss by of his freedom lostverbal ason expression evidencedthe Behavior ofby actionhis expression by adults of in concern behalf overof the issues preservation of freedom of and/orour freedom. his action or encouragement CD The 1.pupil will: perform the tasks assigned to him in his committee. /P1I"CDCD 3.2. meaningful,contributeassumefollow athe leadership discussion.torule the "one committee role person without orat class.a frustratingtime speaking" the inefforts order ofto otherpromote students effective, to 5.4. voluntarilymakeCzechoslovakia.the anfreedom active pursue of effort the individually others. to maintain initiated his individual studies freedoms,on other nationswithout orjeopardizing on 8.7.6. betotake courteousan him. effectiveclass workand member politeseriously. ofin hisclass committee to peers through and teacher. acceptance of tasks assigned STRATEGY LEARNING ACTIVITIES MATERIALS I. ActivitiesIntroductory A. Displays andHave people wall todisplays stimulate of mapsinterest and picturesin the nation of Czechoslovakian of Czechoslovakia. life B. Silent Film CzechoslovakiaInclude pictures 1948-1965, of Czechoslovakia and invasion, in 1968.1938, and 1938-1948, Communist childrentheandsectionShow showGerman part -canit onlyof invasion without raisethe that film questions. sound.ofpart on1938 thatCzechoslovakia and deals serve with as listedathe basis German on from the invasion whichresource the This should arouse interest concerning C. Reaction RussianCommunistHave the domination studentsdomination. writeand what a short groups essay might about be thetheir leaders reactions for to Discuss the possibilities of resisting D. Relate Asksuch pupilsresistance. if they have ever heard about Czechoslovakia. Ask E. Role Playing peoplethem whatof Czechoslovakian they know of what descent. happened there. Ask how many know ThestudentscanWith teacher allow the who cooperation herand take classstudents over to of could:be canpupils "taken enact from over"an another"invasion" by an class,outside situation. the force. teacher The 7 STRATEGY LEARNING ACTIVITIES MATERIALS a. Tell teacher this is no longer her class. d.c.b. ChangeSendtheForce classroom. pupils students'some studentsto boardassigned toand stand deskshave by,them removing write alphabet a few desks with fromtheir e. cooperationfortheleftIf ahallpupilhand. short or in refusestime.)to this the activity,classroomto do what student"jail". he is told,may be he sent is sentto office out into (If you have principal

8 STRATEGY I. Activities(Continued)Introductory Discussion: Pupil Reaction LEARNING ACTIVITIES MATERIALS 2.1. overDoHow youdid of thinkyouthe feelclass? the duringteacher this should a..tion? have stopped the take 4.3. WouldWhy doyou you like think this this "" happened? to continue in the 5. whichWhatclassroom? wouldwas invaded you like by toEastern know about the powers during 1968? country of Czechoslovakia

9 II. Raising Questions Purpose:1. For students Potential Questions which the student might ask after experiencing the whichimpliedtheto form variousto investigateina basisthe dimensions title on 1.introductory activities: Why did the invade Czechoslovakia; when did they do it? 2.ofask the their unit. own questions Students should 3.2. government?WereHow werethe peoplethe Communists of Czechoslovakia able to come happy to withcontrol their in CommunistCzechoslovakia? structureddevelopmentto facilitate unit. of the a student- 5.4. WhoWhy wasis CzechoslovakiaAlexander Dubcek? an important nation? Note: moreThephrasedThis pointintroductorylist as theisof thatquestionsstudents activitiesthey might shouldis notrree_a_l_l_y, are ask:all called inclusive ask for. the nor questions. If they don't then The content willabove.basedsectioninformation be onthe oftheir guidingthis in questions unitanswer force contains to forNOT these directionnecessarily only questions. a small of thoseresearch segment listed of The students III. Categorization Purpose:studentsof questions by A. Although one cannot anticipate the exact questions students Toneedednumber determine toof investigatecommittees the B. willPossiblethat raise the Categoriesfollowingand the categories categories they will will appear. devise, it is possible Tothe organizeideas topics. that basic should 2. 1. Czechoslovakia,Geography and Background 1938-48 Toinbe gain explored.critical experience thinking. 4.3. NewCzechoslovakia Spirit in Czechoslovakia as a Communist - State1965-68 studies.historyareasTopolitical identify of needed Czechoslovakian andseveral toeconomic be 5. Invasion of Czechoslovakia (1968) STRATEGY LEARNING ACTIVITIES V. RetrievalInformation A. The1. various committees, at this point - Determine theirSUGGESTED tasks. INFORMATION RETRIEVAL ACTIVITIES 2.5.4.3. MakeOrganizeAssignResearch a presentation.responsibilities. their their data. topics. asSomeinformationrecommendedin resources thiscontent unit formaterialsforthat is thethe onthe theteacherteacher contenthave committees been andor materials thestudentincluded doingstudent. andbe theirthat usednot might ownas abackgroundresearch, besubstitute useful it Since the emphasis is differentfor InItstudent all fromprobability, investigation. what the theauthors student isof difficultthisresearch unit willtohave project be included somewhat the inextent of student research. Studentstheresearch Content may tools Materials. need such instruction as: in the use Reader'sof the basic Guide library to Periodical Literature. Theyresources should exist,also not such forget as: that resourcesSpecializedCard other Catalog. than indexes. library 2.1. NationsMakeCommunistInterviews a neighborhoodshould rule. with have Czechs gonesurvey whoto on thehave whether aid lived of the Czechoslovakiaunder U.S. German or United and/or in 1968. V.STRATEGY RetrievalInformation 4.3. RecordsFilms - ceeor tapesresources. of Czechoslovakian national songs. LEARNING ACTIVITIES (Con't.) 7.6.5. RadioNationalDailyresearching andnewspapers weeklyTV broadcaststhe magazines ofevents 1968 - of especiallyif the available. 1968 importantinvasion. for Life, Look, Time, Newsweek, 9.8. coveredCollectWashington,Information theperiodicals D.C.Czech secured crises. from from 1968 the and Czechoslovakian 1969 which would embassy have in STRATEGY CONTENT MATERIALS V. CommitteeRetrievalInformation A I. A.Brief Geography and Background of CzechoslovakiaLocated in the center of Europe - Capital City - Prague. GeorgraphyHistoryCzechoslovakia and (to 1938) B. 2.Land3.1. is surrounded by other countriesToPolandGermany the east lies lies - to U.S.S.R.west the andnorth. northwest. C. Moravia,Czechoslovakia's4.regions andor divisions.)Slovakia natural - (these regions were are: also Hungarypolitical is south and southwest. Bohemia, D.E. NoandCountry largesouth is lakesto drained the - Blackmany by smalltheSea. Danube lakes Riverin the - mountains.flows east F. 2.Climate1. PlentyHot summers of rain and for cold crops. winters. G. 2.Natural3.1. Resources DepositsNortheast ofMoravia graphiteCoal -- Westerniron manganese, ore. Bohemia lead, - Southernzinc, mercury, Moravia. 6.5.4. Mineralsilver,LargeSoil: watergold.resources: supply resources. half of the land can be farmed. uranium, clay, sand. H. Transportation2.1. and Communication 9,00048,000 miles miles of ofmain roads railroad and highways. - owned by Government. 14 STRATEGY CONTENT MATERIALS V. CommitteeRetrievalInformation A I. 2.Trade1. ForeignAlmost alltrade trade companies with Soviet are monopolies. Union GeographyHistoryCzechoslovakia and(to II. Background for study of Czechoslovakia2. 1. Communist controlled. 1938) (Con't.) 3. countryCzechoslovakiaa.Land of forCzechs protection. andhas Slovaks.always depended on somecalledCzech other liveBohemia. in Western part of the country - 5.6.4. state,FollowingRepublic.PeriodBelonged patternedbetween to World Austria Warafter -IICzechoslovakia Hungary thebecame Soviet beforea Communist Union. was World an PoliceIndependentWar I.

15 V.STRATEGY RetrievalInformation I. Czechoslovakia as an Independent Nation is Destroyed CONTENT MATERIAL TheCommittee Fall of B A. Munich1. - 1938 a.metLeaders to discuss of France, Germany's Germany, demands Great on Britain, Czechoslovakia.Reached and, byItaly dictate not agreement. Czechoslovakia(1938-1948) 3.2. HitlerGreatbestfor parts Britainlandstook of theand andCzechoslovakia. bordermost France - areasthe agreed which to containedHitler's demandsthe important 56.4. PolandEdwardHungaryindustries. took Benes received 400 square land milesfrom Southernof land nearSlovakia. Ostravia. elected president of Czechoslovakia. 8.7. a.Czechoslovakia'sSovietresigned Union - fled reaped idealsto Great a richof Britain. harvest. werePeople destroyed.ready believed to stand Soviet up againstUnion was Nazi only Germany. power c.b. moralNationCommunistPeople confusion. wasof Party. Czechoslovakiathrown into political were impressed chaos and with 10. 9. afterGermanyConferencesPatriotism Munich occupies lastedofConference. Czechoslovak the little German-speaking more Communists than one part year.during of Czechslovakia Munich a.b. concentrationPatrioticCzechinner had mostleadersto surrender camps.military were secrets.beingtheir killedline of or forts sent andto f.e.d.c. andHitlerUniversitiesCultureEconomy plannedwas rest Germanized.beingwere toto .closed.destroyed.exterminate most of the nation 16 V.STRATEGY Information g. Soviet Union was helping Germany with policy. CONTENT MATERIALS CommitteeRetrieval B B. Result1. of . before.Gave Czechoslovakia a 'greater security' than ever CzechoslovakiaThe (Con't.)(1938-1948)Fall of II. German Occupation of Czechoslovakia - 19392. Premier never did anything to make it effective. A. Czecho-Slovakia.BohemiaI. and Moravia - thickly populatedAdvanced provinces economically of and culturally 3.2. a.provinces.HitlerDeeply rooteddeclared in protectoratedemocratic ideals. over these westernHitler threatened that German planes would b. DocumentSlovakiacreatedbomb Prague "Protectoratewassigned accepted.unless by President of Bohemia Hacha and»of Czecho- Moravia" which B. becomesSlovakia German compelled Puppet by State.Berlin to declare placing destiny of the Czech people on Hitler. C. 2.German3.I. troops violate Munich Agreement.SetGerman up antroops Independent occupyand Hitler BohemiaState occupy of and Slovakia PragueMoravia which 5.4. awaywasDemocratic underwith. German structure protection. of Czech political life done b.a.September 1939 SlovakSoviet state.envoyUnion arrivedextended in full Moscow. recognition to the STRATEGYV. RetrievalInformation c. couldofSlovak diplomatic no Ministerlonger protocol recognize Fierlinger that his Sovietnotified diplomatic government by head CONTENT MATERIALS TheCzechoslovakiaCommittee Fall of B D. Results of German Occupation-War 1939.d. character.Fierlinger defended the Soviet Union. (Con't.)(1938-1948) 2.1. a.b.Czech educational system was under attack.AllGermantests teachers schoolsin German were were torequired established.be able to to pass hold efficiency positions. 4.3. Officialc.a.Economy language of the new state was German.CzechEconomic universities experts camewere toclosed Prague for andthree took years. over c.b. banks.economyBanksIndustry wereof previously offorced country to prosperous increasewas centralized their state. issue in larger of d. 30stock million1. and acceptdollars Reich gold creditsreserve inof payment.the nationalCreditsinto Germany. frozen in Reich and profits flowed f.e. Taxescurrency.governmentExchange greatly ratetaken increased was to 60Germany percent inflation of Czech 6.5. Villageb.a.Total destruction of Lezaky -of all Czech men inflationand women ofwere .DeportationShooting shot. of allseparately males. of all women and children. A.World War II Hitler'sRussia intoinvasion action. of major European countries forces - 1941-1945 18 V.STRATEGY Information B. Struggle for power through invasion and political CONTENT MATERIALS RetrievalCommittee B C. diplomacyCzechoslovakia's1. lasted through involvement 1944. in the war.April 8, 1944 - Soviet Army reached Slovak boundary. TheCzechoslovakia Fall(Con't.)(1938-1948) of D. West3.2. and U.S. 6 monthsInvasion later ..)y Russia Russia invades "welcomed" Czechslovakia. by Slovak people. in World War II 2.1. a.MajorWorldBombing Warpowers of II. Pearl involved Harbor in causedthe war. the U. S.Allies to enter 2.4.3.1. UnitedRussiaItaly States b. Central5.1. Powers GermanyFranceGreat Britain E. 1945 Exiled Slovak2.3. government returns to power withAustriaBulgaria - Hungary 2.the1. Russian's help. -areaTreaty"Free" with elections Soviet was made broughtUnion part - Communists Czechoslovakiaof the Ukrane. to power. cave up IV. A.Communist rule in Czechoslovakia 1948 - Communists staged a revolt and seized complete B. controlUnion".Communists of ,the set government. up police state patterned under "Soviet 19 STRATEGYV. Information C. All religion and education were brought under Communist CONTENT MATERIALS CommitteeRetrieval B D. control.1.Benes became head of the "Free CzechoslovakiaInvolved movement." Czech and Slovaks who fled the country before TheCzechoslovakia Fall(Con't.)(1938-1948) of 2. GermanBenes1941 -occupation.Government. France, Great Britain, and U.S.A. recognized

20 STRATEGY CONTENT MATERIALS V. Information I. Czechoslovakia in the Communist Camp CommitteeRetrieval C A. Politics1. Czechoslovakiabehind the iron was curtain. a Communist puppet stage considered CampCzechoslovakiain (1948-1965) the Communist 2. c.b.a.Communist party led to: TrialsPurges.Eventual for dissatisfactionTreason. with Communist rule. B. Deterioration3. of Czechoslovak EconomicsWesternLiberal World.factions by Communist rule looked to the 2.1. sound,Postcountries.cooperationCzechoslovakia World and promisedWar aimed IIand Czechoslovakto Polandgreat control growthset heavy aeconomy councilpotential. industries was for relatively economic of both c.p.a. ConsumerOnlyofferedEarly country postwar agoods chance in years industriesEurope for ofrapid withnationalized were anduranium intactextensive ore.industry at agrowth. time 3. toThisd. the great Cold potentialWar. was not realized; whenitBalticCzechoslovakia fell such victimsea goods ports. weregiven in trading great demand.rights to Poland's b.a. entirely.andAfterForeign entered 1948, trade theCzechoslovakia withSoviet the bloc. West turned was stoppedtoward thealmost East d.c. plans,TheCzechoslovakiaservicestheSoviet "iron almost andand Union entirelysteel seriouslywas and toconcept," industrializeChina.liquidated crippled the trade.craftsbasis Eastern ofand the Europe,private 5-year 21 STRATEGY CONTENT MATERIALS V. Information Retrieval 4. a.Economic problems failedMiddle to50's produce government's what it nationalizationhad program promised. CommitteeCzechoslovakiain the CCommunist e.d.c.b. TheControlRevaluingForced above ofinto theactionsprices. foodcurrency. onrations. the part of the government Camp(Con't.) (1948-I965) 5. a.ofOta socialist Sik proposed planning a plan and for market economic economy. reformdeprived In- a1966, combination people the ofParty their officially savings andaccepted consumer Sik's goods. economic b. Novotny,effectsbreakupbureaucraticreform, by Stalinistofbit halfway bureaucratic itpower was measures.leader, intripped the power fearedeconomy of ina numberbreakdownsociety would of leadas importantof a towhole. the A Year Is 6. a.Conflictc. between the two nations: Partialcrisis, economic and economic reform difficulties did not solve multiplied. economic Czechs and Slovaks. Eight Months b. AThe I.thespecific State country ofSlovak Czechoslovakiaof the national United consciousness Cechwas bornand Slovakin 1918Adeveloped. unitednations. as Czechoslovakia nation was rejected. 3.2. duringTheself-containedSlovaks Munich Hitler'sdemanded agreement Slovak occupationrecognition thatstate. carvedostensibly of a upseparate, Czechoslovakia resulted in 4. afterTheSlovaklargetion Slovaks the inautonomy.measure theliberation abandoned face of autonomy.of from thetheir resistanceGermany, demand butfor of theyfederaliza-President gained Benes a, c.a. AThe .separate Slovak Nationalparliament.autonomous Council. government located in 22 STRATEGY CONTENT MATERIALS V. CommitteeRetrievalInformation C c. power1.!n in1948, Czechoslovakia. the Communist Party came to fullCould not afford any division of power between CampCzechoslovakiain (1948-1965) the Communist 2.3. ThewereOnePrague newbyrevoked. one, constitution(Czechs) the autonomous and ofBratislava 1960 rights did (Slovaks).away of Slovakswith (Con't.) d Party.Slovak nationalism grew even inside the Communistabolished.parliament;almost all autonomousthe Bratislava rights Cabinet of the was Slovak

23 V.STRATEGY Information I. Efforts of Czechoslovakia to control its own Destiny. CONTENT MATERIALS CommitteeRetrieval D A. Rise1. of Liberalism in Czechoslovakia a.Rebellion of the intellectuals Czechoslovakia lies at the crossroads between Months:A Year Is Eight Czech- A New(1965-1968)In SpiritCzechoslovakia b. beganAfterstrongEast andto 1961,ideological deteriorate.West; Czechoslovakia's has crossalways currents. been economic a place position of Journalistoslovakia,(In Kit) M.1968. d.c. andThemodel.socialSociology subjectproblems scientists became to of thought. democratic thesearching central pluralism for interest a new were economicof youngreviewed e.f. wasandPartyBy intellectuals moderncomplete,fall, bureaucracy 1967,ideas and thethrough andthetried ideological Partycontradictions tocensorship. surpresswas strong destriction modernbetween within thinking ofCzechoslovak Stalin 2. Thea. Struggle Against Police Rule Widespreadseriouslysociety.1953, and disillusionmentaffected the twentieth Czech writers.afterCongress Stalin's of the death Soviet in Party 2.1. openUniondogmatism.SecondFirst conflict in to Congress1956 feel betweenbecame the of strait the thethe Czechoslovak first writersjacket public ofand Stalinist Writers'thearena Party. for an c.b. TheofarbitraryWriters individualParty spokeleadership actions liberties, up againstof reacted the against police., to the bureaucracy Writers' against Congressand suppression the with2.1. a furious counter attack. overSeveralIn the 1967, weeklywriters the ofParty were the MinistryexpelledWriters' ofUnion.from information the Party; took others reprimanded. 24 V.STRATEGY RetrievalInformation 3. systematicallyBy introducing, glorifyingwage equalization manual andlabor CONTENT MATERIALS ACommittee Newin SpiritCzechoslovakia D d. of Novotny,In December, first--and-be-rat-4T 1967, Secretary the revolt -Lntelof the aaainstlectua Communist 1underminedtheimportance repressionsParty ofthe attached social toprestige higher andeducation. work, the Party (1965-68) 2.Czechoslovakia,1. broke out openly. AlexanderSecretary,Novotny asked Dubcek,but toremained bewho relieved had President been of first the of dutiestheSecretary . of first e. Censorship was abolished, and there was freedomoslovakiafirstof the Secretary Communistof onthe January of Party the 6. Communistof Slovakia, Party was of elected Czech- twentypress1. and?ears. other media unknown to CzechoslovakiaThecrimes daily committed forpress began by theto publishsecret policeaccounts in ofthe the era 3.2. CommunicationsThisofbecome the information political a matter media trialsexplosionof concernbrought of thecaused toto 1950's. everyone.the public people affairs the to b.a.messagereforms. of change following January andTheThey Dubcek's democratic prevented processa return was to deepened.pre-January conditions. B. Rise of Alexander Dubcek c. Thefundamental Party was reforms.reluctantly pushed toward further 3.2.1. Alexandera.InBorn 1925, in Dubcek 1921his familyincompleted Uhrovec, went his toSlovakia. educationthe Soviet inUnion.His father was a founder of the Slovak Communist Party. a Soviet school. 25 V.STRATEGY RetrievalInformation 4. a.Family returned to Slovakia when AlexanderStalinist was 16. terror was directed against foreigners. CONTENT MATERIALS ACommittee inNew Czechoslovakia Spirit D 6.5. abilityDubcekb.idealsIn 1963, remained toof helistenMarx was aand chosenstaunchto Lenin;diverse first Communist, he points interpretedSecretary ofand.loyal views.Maintained of them the "to withSlovak Communistthe the Party. faith. (1965-68) 7. CommunistOna. January Party 6, 1968, of Czechoslovakia. he was chosen first Secretarysocialism.Dubcek became of the a world-wide symbol of democratic b.a. HespokeDubcekthe emphasized wholeof asked the society. new forthe political approvalnecessity ofand for the economic a Actiondemocratization modelProgram, andof 8. Thed.c. Soviet Communist party accused DubcekHeplay of spoke revisionismin order of the to Party'snewregain role thehumanitarian of people'sthe Communist confidence.mission. Party must 9. destination,otherAugustdemocracyand leading Clechoslovakian 21, and 1968, Czechoslovakia asthe a heWest.result was leaders, arrestedof awaythe and Soviet fromby flown the the invasi)n. SovietstoParty an unknown. towardalong witha C. 1.fhe Action Program a.democracy.The goal of the Program was to create a new model of Socialist b. WantedJanuary,Became1. toa 1968, manifestodistinguish leadership for true the intended leadershipreforms tothat realize.fromThe the government,control. new post- independent of the Party, must 3.2. LegalitypoliticalThepass newlaws politicalmust rightsand becontrol renewed.of model citizens. administration. would safeguard the 26 STRATEGY CONTENT MATERIALS V. RetrievalInformation 5.4. RightstheState political security of national acts police andgroups, wasviews not especially of to the control citizens. A CommitteeNewin SpiritCzechoslovakia D 7.6. economyThePi-oclaimedSlovaks, elements would were ofCzechoslovakia'sbe recognized. bothunited. a planned determinationand a market to (1965-68) 2. by1.In the April, ,,Central 1968, Committee the Action of Czechoslovakia.Program was Newadopted election unaminously policies allowing minor partiesremain within the group of Socialist states. D. Western observer's analysis of reason for2. growing Liberalism SlovakOpen economy currency. to world markets - create a new 2.1.in Czechoslovakia. ofsacrificesWeakening SovietBitter -resistance inimposedfor the their country's productibn on Communist the parteconomy goals bosses.of thedue peopleto the tostrain new E. 1.Soviet Reaction to the rise of LiberalismRussiain before serious felt 1968. thejeopardy. leading role of the Communist party was 3.2. eyestheDecisionunwelcomePossibility ofCzechoslovak the was (Sovietrest ofmade invadingof government toUnionthe launch world). didCzechoslovakia andanot policy party.want ofto waspressurelook politically bad uponin the 27 STRATEGYV. Information I. Invasion of Czechoslovakia CONTENT MATERIALS CommitteeRetrieval E A. 2.Presidium1. of the Central Committee of Czechoslovakia.MembersMade plans were for assigned the occupation tasks. of Czechoslovakia. Invasion 5.4.3. andAdministrationbeOrdersRuzyne sentEast given abroadairportGerman that withoutof troops.invaded theno news airportpermission. by about Soviet taken Czechoslovakia air-borne over by Sovietforces. was to B. AugusttheandstheRepublic Czechoslovak 20 Bulgarian (), Socialistic People's the Republic Republic.Hungarian crossed People's frontiers Republic, of Troops of the Soviet Union, the Polish People's C.C: 4.3.2.1. MoscowPolishHeadquartersHappened Mig'sgave without ordersset upPresident tobasefor ground Generalat ofTardulire focesRepublic's Pavlosky. to Airport.invade knowledge. all of CrJ 5. a.Praesidium.CzechoslovakCzechoslovakia. Communist Party Central Committeecalm,Appeals not to of all offer citizens resistance of our to republic troops onto themaintain march. b. Mr.1. Dobryin arrives at White House. andCzechoslovakiaUnionReports government and to four President leaders.inof responseits JohnsonWarsaw to Pact-an troops appeal Allies of by enteredSoviet party e.d.c. CzechsNewsContactthem. of and Invasionwas Slovaks mad - hadgoing their into country world's stolen capitals. away, from with American Embassy in Prague. STRATEGY CONTENT MATERIALS V. RetrievalInformation H. A.Role of Party Leaders During InvasionAlexander Dubcek CommitteeInvasion E 2. 1. withDubcekto believethe wasSoviet arrestedthetold Unionreports foreign only since troops a few he haddayshad invaded reachedbefore. -agreement. unwilling If Slovak citizens had openly B. World3. Reaction to Soviet Invasion. Accusedrebelled of harboring Dubcek was counter-revolution. to be executed immediately. 2.3.1. WhatRumania,Criticism was not , by expected Westernfellow CommunistwasRedgovernments theChina strong Countrieswas was expected.criticism expected. such asby C. 4.Soviet Union and Czechoslovakia ReachWesternProtests Communist by Student parties Groups in throughoutItaly and France.the world. 2.3.1. a.SvobodaPresidentCommunist refused Svoboda compromise to meets negotiate government with partyuntil for leadersDubcek Czechoslovakia.Moscow wasin Moscow.present. protocol was signed about August 24. c.b. ofMoscowto:Czechoslovak the Partyrecognized in representatives Czechoslovakia. Dubcek as first to MoscowSecretary were forced 2.3.1. DissolveReintroduceillegial.Call fourteenth all censorship. clubs Congress outside held the duringnational invasion front. 6.5.4. ControlSocialisticUndertakeInternal over noindependence bloc. country'schange in intellectuals.foreignconsistent policy. with the 29 STRATEGY CONTENT MATERIALS V. CommitteeRetrievalInformation E 4. 1.recalledIn return, as thethe armiesconditions of occupation returned towould normal.conditionsSoviet be Union returned. would decide when normal (Con't)Invasion 5. dictatorshipRefusal2. to accept by Russia. this proposal would resultaffairs.developmentSoviet in Unionmilitary and would not recognizeinterfere post-Januaryin internal E. Post-August1. Czechoslovakian-Russia Relations.a.By February, 1969, strength of conservativesDubcek growing. and other leaders permitted to stay on. 2. b.a.qDubcekc. Replaced ousted by as Gustav First Husak.Secretary on AprilAprilLiberals 2 press In Praesidiumcensorship dismissed.restored. 17. F. Czechoslovakia1. a.Czechoslovakia All inSocialist the internal states affairs have the of rightanother to Socialistintervene state Russian Relations Today. Soviet Treaty "". b. empoweredWhatPactaboutif it theynation tocomes itself losethink fromdown "the tothe becoming to employ gains countryis that offorcetoo involvedsocialism."the independent, to Soviet keep is losingWarsawUnion too hasor is c. whatArticleCzechoslovakiaansuccessful, additionalstate 10 orof toogroupthe obligation. to prosperous.new aidof Czech-Soviet states"the Soviet attacks Uniontreaty the "no containsUSSR. matter This article commits newspaperMagazinearticles and 30 STRATEBYVI. Reporting Findings A. Committee (General Activities) SUGGESTED REPORTING ACTIVITIES to the Class. 2.I.13. PresentEach member a panel could discussion give ana writtenoral of theirreport. report to information. each 5.4. membercharts,UseInvent films, of overlays,thea "diary"guest class. speakers, etc.of events community and feelings. resources, maps, to aid their presentation. B. Committeemagazinesgeography,Individual #1 and people,Committees- specialnewspapers. cities. map and picture CzechoslovakianSlide scrapbook.show using pictures from display of Czechoslovakian systemCommittee compared #2 - tospecial U.S. report on Czechoslovakian education of Czechoslovakia b beginningCommitteeCommitteein boundaries, with#2 #2 and Munich through#3 1968. could discuss the Munich Agreement in mo-e on a large outline maphave committee members note the changes situations.couldCommitteedetail presentor #2as anda aseparate "You Are report There" topic. TV show coverage This might include a play or "Youskit as part - on the German and Russian invasion of the of Committeethe presentation. #3 couldUse map include of Europe a special to, show report Iron onCurtain the . nations. 31 VI.STRATEGY toReporting the class. Findings AlexanderCommittee Dubcek. #4 - could include a biographical report on SUGGESTED REPORTING ACTIVITIES (Continued) behaviorofCommittee the(Czech invasion and #5leaders, defend- roleof 1968averagetheirplay and thepositions. citizen,have various each Russian groupsgroup explaininsoldiers) Czechoslovakia their at the time VII. OVERVIEW After the committees have reported to the class, time should be effortshavebethatthe allowed been originaloffoundation theanswered. to learners. reviewquestions is laidwhat that forhas goingwerebeen raisedlearnedbeyond and theand see materialto The major questions will require review so Perhaps the class will reconsider all whether they evaluate the studied ofTherePossiblyto the the .'ill study general!zations. the be and studentssome possibly big questionswill some wish value toto beconsiderjudgments considered the to following:as a be made. result 2.1. WasShouldCzechoslovakia? the Sovietthe Western Union powersjustified have in gone its toinvasion Czechoslovakia's of C: 3. Hasaid?tothe theSanto same Soviet Domingothing Union they or everCuba)?did toaccused Czechoslovakia the U. S. of doing (See references "" C 4.Such questions and many others will suggestof theIn themselves whatU.S.?USSR; ways can cantoit beCzechoslovakia said that Viet be Namconsidered is a a "colony" the andjudgments.teacherthe thatto aim give and thereof thetoindoctrination, be thechildren no class, stress experience and onbut theythe in "right" shouldorderin making tobeanswer. clarify It is important that opinions of all be requested discussed, theirnot with own value thinking and VIII: GENERALIZATIONS have1. "Thealways actively dealtof large with and economic complex behavior." social orders 2.peoplesandsingle easy inextricable."community, means of communication,the destinies ofbecomes its "Thestill more world widelyand today, divergent by reason of its rapid transportation more a enoughmenlanguage3. had in nothe becausecommon kinds language,ofthey social were butbehaviornot theyin fact havewhich "Nationalengaged had facilitated no extensivelycommon and regional rivalries have not existed because control4.and made over imperative or across a commonto the language."formal channels"Prestige of is wielded in the modern world through mass 5.churchcommunication, and school." press, radio, film, and in"Of another all such respect, monopolies (of power) the most immediately perceive6.thefatal more to the communicationdemocracy behavior is of the betweenmembers monopoly theof anothertwoof the"...thegroups media willgreater of beopinion." reduced.the degree to which members of as being hostile, one group or7. groupsis the overproblem others." of regulating the "Inherent in the association of power of some individuals , beings in society a the8.great same number opinions of things upon manyunder subjects, the same andaspect,"Society when when thecan theyexist hold only when a great number of samemen consider been9.minds."occurrences considered suggest subversive." the same thoughts and"Every impressions type of to great their association has at one time or another VIII. GENERALIZATIONS authority10. for the purpose of organizing for the common"...wherever society exists, man must set up lines of tiondefense,11. of domestic the administration order." of justice, and the preserva-"The investment of leaders with the exclusive right theto12. employformation force of orthe coercion conquest in state." government occurs only"The with cont ling of the most inclusive issue in politics andregulation13.is thethe authorityrelationship of their of thebetweenactivities, state the of libertyandgovernment." support of the vigorously individual".,.individuals and groups oppose vigorously government oragovernment later14.state individualsof socialactivities disorganization, who as will that directly there benefit will arise them." sooner Out of a situation of social unrest and dissatisfaction, I the sufferers in protest." IX. CULMINATING ACTIVITIES SUGGESTED CULMINATING ACTIVITIES 1. Debate: Resolved: Thein U.S.1968. should have aided Czechoslovakia Resolved: Thethere.in U.S.1938 shouldand put have a stop aided to CzechoslovakiaHitler then and 3.2. ContinuingPresentation :.)ulletin of the current board displaystate ofon affairshappenings in Czechoslovakia.in Czechoslovakia. 5.4. byTimelineCompare the peoples withthe problemsimportant of the Middlefaced events byEast listed.Czechosldvakia (6.2 unit) - withconclusions? those faced

36 Children's Books BIBLIOGRAPHY Hall, Elvajean, The Land and People of Czechoslovakia.Lippincott Company, 1966. Background and history of Czechoslovakia. Philadelphia: Grades 6-8. J.B. McSwigon, M. Avenue, South, New York, New York, 10003. All Aboard for Freedom. A fictional account with bases in fact of a daring escape from New York: E.P. Dutton, 1954. 201 Park Roucek, Joseph S. Publications Company, 1967. guard.Czechoslovakia. The Czechs and Slovaks in America. Exciting, entertaining and enlightening. An engineer crashes a train through the border Minnesota: Lerner Windsor, Phillip. Resistance. Anto excellent the understandingNew children's York:Adam of book Roberts,the withinvasion aCzechoslovakia good of historical1968. 1968: background Columbia, U.N. Press, 1969. Reform, Repression and A theDescribescareful West.Soviet analysis the invasion. invasion, of Czechoslovakia resistance, tobefore, it, and during the meaningand after to Probes Soviet decision-making processes. Films Worldbook Encyclopedia. Corporation, 1958. Volume(For StudentC. and Teacher) Illinois. Field Enterprises Educational problemsMunichfilms.Czechoslovakia: Pact of Communismof 1938 through in Czechoslovakia the Nazi occupation since 1948. to the Communist takeover and the(Available through KSU, #C1657) From Munich to Moscow. Traces27 min. theb & historyw, $4.50 of rental Czechoslovakia price. from the McGraw-Hill Teacher's books Heymann, Frederick G. Prentice Hall, Spectrum Books, 1966. Poland and Czechoslovakia. Englewood Cliffs, N.J.: Craig,Kerner,Lettrich, GordonRobert Josef. andJ. F. Gilbert, eds. History of BoehmiaModern Slovakia.in the Eighteenth Century. The Diplomats, 1919-1939. New York: New York: Praeger, 1955. Princeton University Macmillan, 1932. Parman,Masaryk, D. Tomas G. Press, 1953. The Shaping of Czechoslovak State: The Making of a State. London, Allen and Underwood, 1927. Diplomatic History of the Boundaries Seton-Watson, R.W. ed. of Czechoslovakia,1931. 1914-1920. Slovakia Then and Now: Leiden: A Political Survey. London: G. Allen, Seton-Watson,Schwartz, Harry. Hugh, ed. New York: Praeger, 1969. Prague's 200 Days: Nationalism and Communism. The Struggle for Democracy in Czechoslovakia. New York: Praeger, 1964. Taborsky,Sik, Ota. Edward. Press,Science 1961. Press, 1967. Plan and Market Under . Communism in Czechoslovakia, 1948-1960. New York: International Arts and Princeton University Zinner,Zeman, Z.A.B.Paul E. New York: ,Praeger, 1968. 1963.Communist Strategy and Tactics in Czechoslovakia, 1918-1948. London: Penguin, 1969. 38