UNIVERSITY of CALIFORNIA, SAN DIEGO Climate
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I. Introduction
Bathymetric distribution of the species .... 210 2. Penetration of species into the Bathymetric zonation of the deep sea ...... 210 Mediterranean deep sea ............. 235 Bathymetric distribution and taxonomic 3. Comparison with other groups ....... 235 relationship .......................... 214 Sediments and nutrient conditions ........ 235 Number of species and individuals in Hydrostatic pressure ..................... 237 relation to depth ...................... 217 Currents ............................... 238 Topography ............................ 238 E. Geographic distribution .................. 219 Conclusion ............................. 239 The exploration of the different geographic regions ............................... 219 G. The hadal fauna ........................ 239 The bathyal fauna ...................... 220 The hadal environment .................. 239 The abyssal fauna ....................... 221 General features of the hadal fauna ....... 240 1. World-wide distributions ............ 223 2. The Antarctic Ocean ................ 224 H. Evolutionary aspects .................... 243 3. The North Atlantic ................. 225 Evolution within the deep sea versus 4. The South Atlantic ................. 227 immigration from shallower depths .... 243 5. The Indian Ocean .................. 22; Geographic variation .................... 244 6. The Indonesian seas ................ 228 1. Clines ............................. 245 7. The Pacific Ocean .................. 231 2. Local variation ..................... 245 8. The Arctic -
Biodiversidad De Los Equinodermos (Echinodermata) Del Mar Profundo Mexicano
Biodiversidad de los equinodermos (Echinodermata) del mar profundo mexicano Francisco A. Solís-Marín,1 A. Laguarda-Figueras,1 A. Durán González,1 A.R. Vázquez-Bader,2 Adolfo Gracia2 Resumen Nuestro conocimiento de la diversidad del mar profundo en aguas mexicanas se limita a los escasos estudios existentes. El número de especies descritas es incipiente y los registros taxonómicos que existen provienen sobre todo de estudios realizados por ex- tranjeros y muy pocos por investigadores mexicanos, con los cuales es posible conjuntar algunas listas faunísticas. Es importante dar a conocer lo que se sabe hasta el momen- to sobre los equinodermos de las zonas profundas de México, información básica para diversos sectores en nuestro país, tales como los tomadores de decisiones y científicos interesados en el tema. México posee hasta el momento 643 especies de equinoder- mos reportadas en sus aguas territoriales, aproximadamente el 10% del total de las especies reportadas en todo el planeta (~7,000). Según los registros de la Colección Nacional de Equinodermos (ICML, UNAM), la Colección de Equinodermos del “Natural History Museum, Smithsonian Institution”, Washington, DC., EUA y la bibliografía revisa- 1 Colección Nacional de Equinodermos “Ma. E. Caso Muñoz”, Laboratorio de Sistemá- tica y Ecología de Equinodermos, Instituto de Ciencias del Mar y Limnología (ICML), Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México (UNAM). Apdo. Post. 70-305, México, D. F. 04510, México. 2 Laboratorio de Ecología Pesquera de Crustáceos, Instituto de Ciencias del Mar y Lim- nología (ICML), (UNAM), Apdo. Postal 70-305, México D. F., 04510, México. 215 da, existen 348 especies de equinodermos que habitan las aguas profundas mexicanas (≥ 200 m) lo que corresponde al 54.4% del total de las especies reportadas para el país. -
The Patterns of Abundance and Relative Abundance of Benthic
AN ABSTRACT OF THE THESIS OF Robert Spencer Carney for the degree of Doctor of Philosophy in Oceanography presented on September 14, 1976 Title: PATTERNS OF ABUNDANCE AND RELATIVE ABUNDANCE OF BENTHIC HOLO- THURIANS (ECHINODERMATA:HOLOTHURIOIDEA) ON CASCADIA BASIN AND TUFT'S ABYSSAL PLAIN IN THE NORTHEAST PACIFIC OCEAN Abstract approved: Redacted for Privacy Dr. And r4 G. Jr. Cascadia Basin and the deeper Tuft's Abyssal Plain are inhabited by a common set of holothuroid species but differ markedly in propor- tional composition and apparent abundance. Seventy-six trawl samples were collected in a grid on Cascadia Basin. Depth appeared to be the major factor affecting the proportional composition of the dominant species. The fauna became progressively more uniform as the depth gra- dient decreased. The region adjacent to the base of the slope was distinct in its low diversity and low proportions of small specimens of the most common holothuroid species. These features might be due to in- creased competition and predation in that region. Sixteen trawl samples were examined from Tuft's Plain. Again the fauna appeared to be affected primarily by depth. While the abundance of holothuroids remained uniform across the flat Cascadia Basin, it appeared to decrease exponentially with depth across Tuft's Plain. The uniformity of proportional composition and abundance of the holothurian fauna across the floor of Cascadia Basin is in marked contrast with previously reported patterns of infaunal organisms. It is suggested that the differences reflect basic differences in the ecologies of the infauna and the motile epifauna, and that the size distribution of food material from overlying water may be of importance in determining the benthic fauna composition. -
Response of Deep-Sea Deposit-Feeders to Detrital Inputs: a Comparison of Two Abyssal Time-Series Sites
Deep–Sea Research II 173 (2020) 104677 Contents lists available at ScienceDirect Deep-Sea Research Part II journal homepage: http://www.elsevier.com/locate/dsr2 Response of deep-sea deposit-feeders to detrital inputs: A comparison of two abyssal time-series sites Jennifer M. Durden a,b,*, Brian J. Bett a, Christine L. Huffard c, Corinne Pebody a, Henry A. Ruhl a,c, Kenneth L. Smith Jr. c a National Oceanography Centre, European Way, Southampton, SO14 3ZH, UK b Ocean and Earth Science, University of Southampton, National Oceanography Centre, Waterfront Campus, European Way, Southampton, SO14 3ZH, UK c Monterey Bay Aquarium Research Institute, 7700 Sandholdt Road, Moss Landing, CA, USA, 95039 ARTICLE INFO ABSTRACT Keywords: Biological communities on the abyssal plain are largely dependent on detritus from the surface ocean as their Seasonality main source of energy. Seasonal fluctuations in the deposition of that detritus cause temporal variations in the Community function quantity and quality of food available to these communities, altering their structure and the activity of the taxa Detritus present. However, direct observations of energy acquisition in relation to detritus availability across megafaunal Grazing taxa in abyssal communities are few. We used time-lapse photography and coincident measurement of organic Invertebrates Station M matter flux from water column sediment traps to examine the impact of seasonal detrital inputs on resource Porcupine Abyssal Plain-Sustained Observatory acquisition by the deposit feeding megafauna assemblages at two sites: Station M (Northeast Pacific, 4000 m water depth) and the Porcupine Abyssal Plain Sustained Observatory (PAP-SO, Northeast Atlantic 4850 m water depth). -
Prospects for International Collaboration in Marine Environmental Research to Enhance Understanding of the Deep Sea Environment
PROSPECTS FOR INTERNATIONAL COLLABORATION IN MARINE ENVIRONMENTAL RESEARCH TO ENHANCE UNDERSTANDING OF THE DEEP SEA ENVIRONMENT Prospects for International Collaboration in Marine Environmental Research To Enhance Understanding OF the Deep Sea Environment Prospects for International Collaboration in Marine Environmental Research to Enhance Understanding of the Deep-Sea Environment Proceedings of the International Seabed Authority’s Workshop held in Kingston, Jamaica, 29 July to 2 August 2002 Prepared by Office of Resources and Environmental Monitoring International Seabed Authority, Kingston, Jamaica The designations employed and the presentation of material in this publication do not imply the impression of any opinion whatsoever on the part of the Secretariat of the International Seabed Authority concerning the legal status of any country, territory, city, or area or of its authorities, or concerning the delimitation of its frontiers or boundaries. All rights reserved. No part of this publication may be reproduced, stored in a retrieval system, or transmitted in any form or by any means, electronic, mechanical, photocopying or otherwise, without the prior permission of the copyright owner. Applications for such permission with a statement of purpose and extent of the reproduction should be addressed to the Secretary‐ General, International Seabed Authority, 14‐20 Port Royal Street, Kingston, Jamaica. International Seabed Authority Workshop (2002 : Kingston) Prospects for international collaboration in marine environmental research to -
From the JR275 Expedition to the Eastern Weddell Sea, Antarctica
ZooKeys 1054: 155–172 (2021) A peer-reviewed open-access journal doi: 10.3897/zookeys.1054.59584 DATA PAPER https://zookeys.pensoft.net Launched to accelerate biodiversity research Sea cucumbers (Echinodermata, Holothuroidea) from the JR275 expedition to the eastern Weddell Sea, Antarctica Melanie Mackenzie1, P. Mark O’Loughlin1, Huw Griffiths2, Anton Van de Putte3 1 Sciences Department – Marine Invertebrates, Museums Victoria, GPO Box 666, Melbourne, Victoria 3001, Australia 2 British Antarctic Survey (BAS), High Cross Madingley Road, CB3 0ET, Cambridge, UK 3 Royal Belgian Institute of Natural Sciences (RBINS), Rue Vautier 29, Brussels, Belgium Corresponding author: Melanie Mackenzie ([email protected]) Academic editor: Yves Samyn | Received 12 October 2020 | Accepted 11 May 2021 | Published 4 August 2021 http://zoobank.org/43707F5D-D678-4B8E-83F1-3089091B19F8 Citation: Mackenzie M, O’Loughlin PM, Griffiths H, Van de Putte A (2021) Sea cucumbers (Echinodermata, Holothuroidea) from the JR275 expedition to the eastern Weddell Sea, Antarctica. ZooKeys 1054: 155–172. https:// doi.org/10.3897/zookeys.1054.59584 Abstract Thirty-seven holothuroid species, including six potentially new, are reported from the eastern Weddell Sea in Antarctica. Information regarding sea cucumbers in this dataset is based on Agassiz Trawl (AGT) samples collected during the British Antarctic Survey cruise JR275 on the RRS James Clark Ross in the austral summer of 2012. Species presence by site and an appendix of holothuroid identifications with registrations are included as supplementary material. Species occurrence in the Weddell Sea is updated to include new holothuroids from this expedition. Keywords Antarctic, benthic, biodiversity, dataset, holothuroid, Southern Ocean Introduction The British Antarctic Survey (BAS) JR275 research cruise on the RRS James Clark Ross visited the Weddell Sea from February to March in 2012 as part of a core EvolHist (Evolutionary History of the Polar Regions) project. -
Distribution Patterns in Antarctic and Subantarctic Echinoderms
Polar Biol (2015) 38:799–813 DOI 10.1007/s00300-014-1640-5 ORIGINAL PAPER Distribution patterns in Antarctic and Subantarctic echinoderms Juan Moles • Blanca Figuerola • Neus Campanya`-Llovet • Toni Monleo´n-Getino • Sergi Taboada • Conxita Avila Received: 25 April 2014 / Revised: 11 December 2014 / Accepted: 27 December 2014 / Published online: 23 January 2015 Ó Springer-Verlag Berlin Heidelberg 2015 Abstract Echinoderms are the dominant megafaunal taxa differences in species composition across depths corre- in Antarctic and Subantarctic waters in terms of abundance sponding to sublittoral, upper and lower bathyal, and and diversity, having a predominant role in structuring abyssal. Bathymetric distribution was analyzed considering communities. The current study presents new data on the biological aspects for each class. As expected, circumpolar asteroids, holothuroids, and ophiuroids (three of the five trends were found, although hydrographic currents may be extant classes of echinoderms) collected in seven scientific the cause of differences in species composition among SO campaigns (1995–2012) from Bouvet Is., South Shetland areas. Our analyses suggest zoogeographic links between Is., and the Eastern Weddell Sea, from a wide bathymetric Antarctica and the adjacent ocean basins, being the Scotia range (0–1,525 m). Among the 316 echinoderms collected, Arc the most remarkable. This study contributes to the we extended the bathymetric ranges of 15 species and knowledge of large-scale diversity and distribution patterns expanded the geographic distribution of 36 of them. This in an Antarctic key group. novel dataset was analyzed together with previous reports in order to establish general patterns of geographic and Keywords Asteroidea Á Holothuroidea Á Ophiuroidea Á bathymetric distribution in echinoderms of the Southern Bathymetric distribution Á Geographic distribution Á Ocean (SO). -
Catalogue Des Holothuries De L'extrême-Orient Russe
24 La bêche-de-mer, Bulletin d'information de la CPS n° 36 - Octobre 2016 Catalogue des holothuries de l’Extrême-Orient russe Vadim G. Stepanov1,2 et Elena G. Panina1,3 Introduction Au total, 638 références bibliographiques ont été consultées pour dresser un état des lieux de la répartition des holothuries dans les mers de l’Extrême-Orient russe. À partir de la littérature, un catalogue de 92 espèces a été établi. Les informations suivantes ont été compilées pour chaque espèce enregistrée dans le catalogue : 1) sa distribution géographique dans les mers de l’Extrême-Orient russe ; et 2) sa répartition en profondeur dans l’ensemble de son aire de répartition connue. Catalogue des 92 espèces observées en Extrême-Orient russe Sous-classe Synaptacea Cuénot 1891 [nom. transl. pro subclassis Al. Smirnov 2007 (ex Synaptida Cuénot 1891, pro classis)] Ordre : Synaptida Cuénot 1891 Sous-ordre : Myriotrochina Al. Smirnov 1998 Famille : Myriotrochidae Théel 1877 Genre : Myriotrochus Steenstrup 1851 1. Myriotrochus longissimus Belyaev 1970 2. Myriotrochus mitsukurii Ohshima 1915 3. Myriotrochus rinkii Steenstrup 1851 Genre : Prototrochus Belyaev et Mironov 1982 4. Prototrochus kurilensis (Belyaev 1970) 5. Prototrochus minutus (Östergren 1905) 6. Prototrochus zenkevitchi (Belyaev 1970) Genre : Siniotrochus Pawson 1971 7. Siniotrochus spiculifer Belyaev et Mironov 1981 Sous-ordre : Synaptina Al. Smirnov 1998 Famille : Chiridotidae Östergren 1898a Sous-famille : Chiridotinae Östergren 1898a, sensu Al. Smirnov 1998 Genre : Chiridota Eschscholtz 1829 8. Chiridota albatrossii Edwards 1907 9. Chiridota discolor Eschscholtz 1829 10. Chiridota ochotensis Saveljeva 1941 11. Chiridota orientalis Al. Smirnov 1981 12. Chiridota pellucida Vahl 1806 13. Chiridota tauiensis Saveljeva 1941 Sous-famille : Taeniogyrinae Al. -
Functional Effects of the Hadal Sea Cucumber Elpidia Atakama (Echinodermata: Holothuroidea, Elasipodida) Reflect Small-Scale Patterns of Resource Availability
Mar Biol (2011) 158:2695–2703 DOI 10.1007/s00227-011-1767-7 ORIGINAL PAPER Functional effects of the hadal sea cucumber Elpidia atakama (Echinodermata: Holothuroidea, Elasipodida) reflect small-scale patterns of resource availability A. J. Jamieson • A. Gebruk • T. Fujii • M. Solan Received: 19 May 2011 / Accepted: 27 July 2011 / Published online: 7 August 2011 Ó Springer-Verlag 2011 Abstract Holothuroidea represent the dominant benthic terms of abundance and biomass (Rice et al. 1982; Ohta megafauna in hadal trenches (*6,000–11,000 m), but little 1983; Sibuet 1985; Billett 1991). A consistent feature of is known about their behaviour and functional role at such holothurian communities, irrespective of location, is the depths. Using a time-lapse camera at 8,074 m in the Peru– marked increase in diversity at abyssal depths (3,000– Chile Trench (SE Pacific Ocean), we provide the first in 6,000 m) (Billett 1991) relative to bathyal (1,000–3,000 m) situ observations of locomotory activity for the elasipodid (Hansen 1975) and hadal depths ([6,000 m) (Hansen 1957; holothurian Elpidia atakama Belyaev in Shirshov Inst Belyaev 1989). Frequently observed mass abundances of Oceanol 92:326–367, (1971). Time-lapse sequences reveal holothurians, particularly in trenches associated with high ‘run and mill’ behaviour whereby bouts of feeding activity productivity in temperate and sub-Antarctic latitudes, have are interspersed by periods of locomotion. Over the total led some authors to refer to the hadal zone as ‘‘the kingdom of observation period (20 h 25 min), we observed a mean Holothuroidea’’ (sensu Belyaev 1989), a view that has been (±SD) locomotion speed of 7.0 ± 5.7 BL h-1, but this reinforced by trawl-catch frequencies of 88% at depths increased to 10.9 ± 7.2 BL h-1 during active relocation [6,000 m (comparable only to Polychaeta) and high levels and reduced to 4.8 ± 2.9 BL h-1 during feeding. -
Program and Abstract Book
11th International Deep-Sea Biology Symposium NATIONAL OCEANOGRAPHY cENTRE, Southampton, UK 9 - 14 July 2006 BOOK OF ABSTRACTS Compiled by: Sven Thatje Paul Tyler Pam talbot tammy horton Lis Maclaren Sarah Murty Nina Rothe david billett 11th International Deep-Sea Biology Symposium National Oceanography Centre, Southampton Southampton Solent University Conference Centre Southampton UK 9 – 14 July 2006 Symposium Organising Committee • Professor Paul Tyler (Chair), NOC DEEPSEAS Group, UK. • Mrs Pam Talbot (Secretary), George Deacon Division, NOC, UK. • Dr David Billett, NOC DEEPSEAS Group, UK. • Dr Sven Thatje, NOC DEEPSEAS Group, UK. • Professor Monty Priede, OceanLab, University of Aberdeen, UK. • Dr Gordon Paterson, The Natural History Museum, London, UK. • Professor George Wolff, University of Liverpool, UK. • Dr Kerry Howell, Joint Nature Conservation Committee, UK. • Dr Alex Rogers, British Antarctic Survey, Cambridge, UK. • Dr Eva Ramirez Llodra, NOC DEEPSEAS/CSIC Barcelona, Spain. • Dr Phil Bagley, OceanLab, University of Aberdeen, UK. • Dr Maria Baker, NOC DEEPSEAS Group, UK. • Dr Brian Bett, NOC DEEPSEAS Group, UK. • Dr Jon Copley, NOC DEEPSEAS Group, UK. • Dr Adrian Glover, The Natural History Museum, London, UK. • Professor Andrew Gooday, NOC DEEPSEAS Group, UK. • Dr Lawrence Hawkins, NOC DEEPSEAS Group, UK. • Dr Tammy Horton, NOC DEEPSEAS Group, UK. • Dr Ian Hudson, NOC DEEPSEAS Group, UK. • Dr Alan Hughes, NOC DEEPSEAS Group, UK. • Dr Bhavani Narayanaswamy, Scottish Association for Marine Science, Oban, UK. • Dr Martin Sheader, NOC DEEPSEAS Group, UK. • Miss Michelle Sterckx, Southampton Solent University Conference Centre, UK. • Dr Ben Wigham, OceanLab, University of Aberdeen, UK. • Supported by the DEEPSEAS post-graduate/doctorate team: Lis Maclaren, Sarah Murty, Nina Rothe, Tania Smith, John Dinley, Chris Hauton, Jon Copley, Hannah Flint, Abigail Pattenden, Emily Dolan, Teresa Madurell, Teresa Amaro, Janne Kaariainen, Daniel Jones, Kate Larkin, Eulogio Soto. -
(Echinodermata Holothuroidea Elasipodida) of the Western Pacific with Phylogenetic Analyses
PREPRINT Author-formatted, not peer-reviewed document posted on 14/07/2021 DOI: https://doi.org/10.3897/arphapreprints.e70999 New psychropotid species (Echinodermata Holothuroidea Elasipodida) of the Western Pacific with phylogenetic analyses Chuan Yu, Dongsheng Zhang, Ruiyan Zhang, Chunsheng Wang Disclaimer on biological nomenclature and use of preprints The preprints are preliminary versions of works accessible electronically in advance of publication of the final version. They are not issued for purposes of botanical, mycological or zoological nomenclature andare not effectively/validly published in the meaning of the Codes. Therefore, nomenclatural novelties (new names) or other nomenclatural acts (designations of type, choices of priority between names, choices between orthographic variants, or choices of gender of names)should NOT be posted in preprints. The following provisions in the Codes of Nomenclature define their status: International Code of Nomenclature for algae, fungi, and plants (ICNafp) Article 30.2: “An electronic publication is not effectively published if there is evidence within or associated with the publication that its content is merely preliminary and was, or is to be, replaced by content that the publisher considers final, in which case only the version with that final content is effectively published.” In order to be validly published, a nomenclatural novelty must be effectively published (Art. 32.1(a)); in order to take effect, other nomenclatural acts must be effectively published (Art. 7.10, 11.5, 53.5, 61.3, and 62.3). International Code of Zoological Nomenclature (ICZN) Article: 21.8.3: "Some works are accessible online in preliminary versions before the publication date of the final version. -
Peniagone-Leander New Species, an Abyssal Benthopelagic Sea- Cucumber (Echinodermata, Holothuroidea) from the Eastern Central Pacific-Ocean
View metadata, citation and similar papers at core.ac.uk brought to you by CORE provided by College of William & Mary: W&M Publish W&M ScholarWorks VIMS Articles 1986 Peniagone-leander New Species, An Abyssal Benthopelagic Sea- Cucumber (Echinodermata, Holothuroidea) From The Eastern Central Pacific-Ocean DL Pawson EJ Foell Virginia Institute of Marine Science Follow this and additional works at: https://scholarworks.wm.edu/vimsarticles Part of the Marine Biology Commons Recommended Citation Pawson, DL and Foell, EJ, "Peniagone-leander New Species, An Abyssal Benthopelagic Sea-Cucumber (Echinodermata, Holothuroidea) From The Eastern Central Pacific-Ocean" (1986). VIMS Articles. 1558. https://scholarworks.wm.edu/vimsarticles/1558 This Article is brought to you for free and open access by W&M ScholarWorks. It has been accepted for inclusion in VIMS Articles by an authorized administrator of W&M ScholarWorks. For more information, please contact [email protected]. BULLETIN OF MARINE SCIENCE. 38(2): 293-299, 1986 PEN/AGONE LEANDER NEW SPECIES, AN ABYSSAL BENTHOPELAGIC SEA CUCUMBER (ECHINODERMATA: HOLOTHUROIDEA) FROM THE EASTERN CENTRAL PACIFIC OCEAN David L. Pawson and Eric J. Foell ABSTRACT Peniagone leander. new species, differs from other Peniagone species in possessing the combination of: an ovoid body, lateral ridges defining right and left margins of body, anterior veil (velum) with four projections, two pairs of anterior dorsal projections posterior to velum, four pairs of posterior ventral tube feet. The reddish-brown body reaches a length of ap- proximately 30 em. P. leander is the second species of the genus known to be benthopelagic. The species is fairly common where it occurs, dividing its time between actively swimming above the bottom and feeding on the sediment surface.