DOCSLIB.ORG

University of Southampton Research Repository Eprints Soton

Total Page：16

File Type：pdf, Size：1020Kb

Download full-text PDF Read full-text
University of Southampton Research Repository Eprints Soton University of Southampton Research Repository ePrints Soton Copyright © and Moral Rights for this thesis are retained by the author and/or other copyright owners. A copy can be downloaded for personal non-commercial research or study, without prior permission or charge. This thesis cannot be reproduced or quoted extensively from without first obtaining permission in writing from the copyright holder/s. The content must not be changed in any way or sold commercially in any format or medium without the formal permission of the copyright holders. When referring to this work, full bibliographic details including the author, title, awarding institution and date of the thesis must be given e.g. AUTHOR (year of submission) "Full thesis title", University of Southampton, name of the University School or Department, PhD Thesis, pagination http://eprints.soton.ac.uk UNIVERSITY OF SOUTHAMPTON FACULTY OF NATURAL AND ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCES School of Ocean & Earth Sciences Satellite to Seafloor - The Global Biogeography of the Elasipodid Holothurians by Elizabeth Jane Ross Thesis for the degree of Doctor of Philosophy September 2012 1 2 UNIVERSITY OF SOUTHAMPTON FACULTY OF ENGINEERING, SCIENCE & MATHEMATICS SCHOOL OF OCEAN & EARTH SCIENCES Doctor of Philosophy ABSTRACT Satellite to Seafloor - The Global Biogeography of the Elasipodid Holothurians Elizabeth Jane Ross Knowledge of the environmental factors driving species distributions in the deep-sea is essential for a better understanding of the biogeography of the abyssal benthos. Differences in the niches of elasipodid holothurians appear to exist at the level of species, genera and family. This study analysed the global distributions of elasipodid holothurians from records collected from online Natural History Collection databases, cruise reports and published literature. A comparison of the distribution of four families of elasipodid holothurians, in relation to seven abiotic environmental factors found the families Psychropotidae and Elpidiidae to have the most different environmental distributions. POC flux, intra- annual seasonality and inter-annual variability in POC flux were the best explanatory factors for differences between the families. The Elpidiidae were generally found in areas with greater temporal variability. The potential for biogeographic schemes based upon the ecology of the upper ocean to inform management decisions for the deep sea was also investigated. Results suggest that Longhurst’s ‘case models’ are more closely linked to the distribution of species and genera than Longhurst’s biomes. Results also confirmed that provinces from the same ocean and latitude were more similar in terms of species composition, but that historical factors were equally capable of explaining the observed patterns and must be taken into account. Population genetic studies of two species of Elasipodida; Psychropotes longicauda and Oneirophanta mutabilis were conducted using CO1 and 16S molecular markers. Multiple sympatric lineages were found in the Indian, Pacific and Atlantic Oceans in both species. Differences between sympatric lineages were greater than geographic differences within lineages. The potential for speciation in the Antarctic or Southern Ocean before multiple northwards dispersal events is considered the most plausible explanation for the observed patterns. Oceanic gyres therefore do not appear to be barriers to dispersal in these species. The distributions of the elasipodid holothurians are therefore thought to be controlled by a combination of life-history, dispersal ability, temporal and quantitative variations in food supply and competitive interactions as well as historical processes relating to centres of origin for particular genera. 3 4 ACADEMIC THESIS: DECLARATION OF AUTHORSHIP ........................... 9 ACKNOWLEDGEMENTS ............................................................................... 11 CHAPTER 1. INTRODUCTION ...................................................................... 13 1.1 An introduction to the field of biogeography ....................................................................... 13 1.1.1 What is biogeography? .......................................................................................................... 13 1.1.2 Historical vs. ecological biogeography .................................................................................. 13 1.1.3 Vicariance vs. dispersal biogeography .................................................................................. 16 1.1.4 A brief history of marine biogeography and our current state of knowledge ...................... 17 1.2 Recent developments in biogeographical methods ............................................................ 20 1.2.1 Computerisation of natural history collections and the development of distributed networks .......................................................................................................................................... 20 1.2.2 Remotely sensed data ............................................................................................................. 21 1.2.3 Macroecology ......................................................................................................................... 22 1.2.4 Phylogeography and population genetics ............................................................................. 25 1.3 Biogeography of the deep sea soft sediment fauna ............................................................. 26 1.3.1 A brief overview of deep-sea soft sediment zoogeography and biogeography .................... 26 1.3.2 The deep-sea environment ..................................................................................................... 31 1.3.3 POC flux to the deep-sea floor; Spatial and temporal variations in quantity and quality ... 36 1.3.4 POC flux to the deep-sea floor; effects on the benthos ........................................................... 44 1.3.5 Species diversity in the deep-sea: historical perspectives to modern day estimates ............ 47 1.4 The elasipodid holothurians ................................................................................................... 51 1.4.1 Historical significance ............................................................................................................ 51 1.4.2 Ecological relevance ............................................................................................................... 52 1.4.3 Evolutionary context .............................................................................................................. 55 1.5 Aims and hypothesis ................................................................................................................. 60 CHAPTER 2. MAPPING METHODS ............................................................... 61 2.1 The creation of GIS layers of biological and environmental data ..................................... 61 2.1.1 Mapping the distribution of elasipodid holothurians ........................................................... 61 2.1.2 Mapping environmental data ................................................................................................ 65 2.2 Differences in the environmental distribution of four families of Elasipodida ............. 75 2.2.1 Environmental data extraction from holothurian collection sites ....................................... 75 2.2.2 Statistical analyses ................................................................................................................. 75 2.3 Biogeochemical zonation in the deep sea ............................................................................. 78 2.3.1 Mapping and data layout ....................................................................................................... 78 2.3.2 Statistical analyses ................................................................................................................. 78 5 CHAPTER 3. DIFFERENCES IN THE ENVIRONMENTAL DISTRIBUTIONS OF FOUR FAMILIES OF ELASIPODID HOLOTHURIAN; A GLOBAL AND OCEAN- SCALE ANALYSIS .......................................................................................... 81 3.1 Introduction ................................................................................................................................ 81 3.1.1 Niche theory and resource partitioning in deep-sea echinoderms ....................................... 81 3.1.2 Potential mechanisms for resource partitioning among the Elasipodida in a seemingly homogenous environment. .............................................................................................................. 82 3.1.3 Resource partitioning and reproduction in the elasipodid holothurians ............................. 86 3.1.4. Niche conservatism and Hutchinson’s duality; relating the niche to biogeographic space 90 3.2 Results .......................................................................................................................................... 92 3.2.1 A brief overview of the geographical and vertical distributions of the four families of the elasipodid holothurians ................................................................................................................... 92 3.2.2 The global environmental distributions of the four families of elasipdodid holothurians ... 95 3.2.3 The Atlantic Ocean ............................................................................................................... 106
Load more

Recommended publications
  • Petition to List the Black Teatfish, Holothuria Nobilis, Under the U.S. Endangered Species Act
    Before the Secretary of Commerce Petition to List the Black Teatfish, Holothuria nobilis, under the U.S. Endangered Species Act Photo Credit: © Philippe Bourjon (with permission) Center for Biological Diversity 14 May 2020 Notice of Petition Wilbur Ross, Secretary of Commerce U.S. Department of Commerce 1401 Constitution Ave. NW Washington, D.C. 20230 Email: [email protected], [email protected] Dr. Neil Jacobs, Acting Under Secretary of Commerce for Oceans and Atmosphere U.S. Department of Commerce 1401 Constitution Ave. NW Washington, D.C. 20230 Email: [email protected] Petitioner: Kristin Carden, Oceans Program Scientist Sarah Uhlemann, Senior Att’y & Int’l Program Director Center for Biological Diversity Center for Biological Diversity 1212 Broadway #800 2400 NW 80th Street, #146 Oakland, CA 94612 Seattle,WA98117 Phone: (510) 844‐7100 x327 Phone: (206) 324‐2344 Email: [email protected] Email: [email protected] The Center for Biological Diversity (Center, Petitioner) submits to the Secretary of Commerce and the National Oceanographic and Atmospheric Administration (NOAA) through the National Marine Fisheries Service (NMFS) a petition to list the black teatfish, Holothuria nobilis, as threatened or endangered under the U.S. Endangered Species Act (ESA), 16 U.S.C. § 1531 et seq. Alternatively, the Service should list the black teatfish as threatened or endangered throughout a significant portion of its range. This species is found exclusively in foreign waters, thus 30‐days’ notice to affected U.S. states and/or territories was not required. The Center is a non‐profit, public interest environmental organization dedicated to the protection of native species and their habitats.
    [Show full text]
  • Swimming Deep-Sea Holothurians (Echinodermata: Holothuroidea) on the Northern Mid-Atlantic Ridge*
    Zoosymposia 7: 213–224 (2012) ISSN 1178-9905 (print edition) www.mapress.com/zoosymposia/ ZOOSYMPOSIA Copyright © 2012 · Magnolia Press ISSN 1178-9913 (online edition) Swimming deep-sea holothurians (Echinodermata: Holothuroidea) on the northern Mid-Atlantic Ridge* ANTONINA ROGACHEVA1,3, ANDREY GEBRUK1 & CLAUDIA H.S. ALT2 1 P.P. Shirshov Institute of Oceanology, Russian Academy of Sciences, Moscow, Russia 2 National Oceanography Centre, University of Southampton, Southampton, United Kingdom 3 Corresponding author, E-mail: [email protected] *In: Kroh, A. & Reich, M. (Eds.) Echinoderm Research 2010: Proceedings of the Seventh European Conference on Echinoderms, Göttingen, Germany, 2–9 October 2010. Zoosymposia, 7, xii + 316 pp. Abstract The ability to swim was recorded in 17 of 32 species of deep-sea holothurians during the RRS James Cook ECOMAR cruise in 2010 to the Mid-Atlantic Ridge. Holothurians were observed, photographed, and video recorded using the ROV Isis at four sites around the Charlie-Gibbs Fracture Zone at approximate depths of 2,200–2,800 m. For eleven species swimming is reported for the first time. A number of swimming species were observed on rocks, cliffs and steep slopes with taluses. These habitats are unusual for deep-sea holothurians, which are traditionally common on flat areas with soft sediment rich in detritus. Three species were found exclusively on cliffs. Swimming may provide an advantage in cliff habitats that are inaccessible to most epibenthic deposit-feeders. Key words: sea cucumbers, benthopelagic species, diversity, Northern Atlantic Ocean Introduction Mid-ocean ridges remain one of the least studied environments in the ocean. They are characterised by remoteness, high relief, very complicated topography and complex current regimes.
    [Show full text]
  • SPC Beche-De-Mer Information Bulletin #39 – March 2019
    ISSN 1025-4943 Issue 39 – March 2019 BECHE-DE-MER information bulletin v Inside this issue Editorial Towards producing a standard grade identification guide for bêche-de-mer in This issue of the Beche-de-mer Information Bulletin is well supplied with Solomon Islands 15 articles that address various aspects of the biology, fisheries and S. Lee et al. p. 3 aquaculture of sea cucumbers from three major oceans. An assessment of commercial sea cu- cumber populations in French Polynesia Lee and colleagues propose a procedure for writing guidelines for just after the 2012 moratorium the standard identification of beche-de-mer in Solomon Islands. S. Andréfouët et al. p. 8 Andréfouët and colleagues assess commercial sea cucumber Size at sexual maturity of the flower populations in French Polynesia and discuss several recommendations teatfish Holothuria (Microthele) sp. in the specific to the different archipelagos and islands, in the view of new Seychelles management decisions. Cahuzac and others studied the reproductive S. Cahuzac et al. p. 19 biology of Holothuria species on the Mahé and Amirantes plateaux Contribution to the knowledge of holo- in the Seychelles during the 2018 northwest monsoon season. thurian biodiversity at Reunion Island: Two previously unrecorded dendrochi- Bourjon and Quod provide a new contribution to the knowledge of rotid sea cucumbers species (Echinoder- holothurian biodiversity on La Réunion, with observations on two mata: Holothuroidea). species that are previously undescribed. Eeckhaut and colleagues P. Bourjon and J.-P. Quod p. 27 show that skin ulcerations of sea cucumbers in Madagascar are one Skin ulcerations in Holothuria scabra can symptom of different diseases induced by various abiotic or biotic be induced by various types of food agents.
    [Show full text]
  • UNIVERSITY of SOUTHAMPTON Systematics and Phylogeny of The
    UNIVERSITY OF SOUTHAMPTON Systematics and Phylogeny of the Holothurian Family Synallactidae Francisco Alonso Solís Marín Doctor of Philosophy SCHOOL OF OCEAN AND EARTH SCIENCE July 2003 Graduate School of the Southampton Oceanography Centre This PhD dissertation by: Francisco Alonso Solís Marín Has been produced under the supervision of the following persons: Supervisors: Prof. Paul A. Tyler Dr. David Billett Dr. Alex D. Rogers Chair of Advisory Panel: Dr. Martin Sheader “I think the Almighty put synallactids on this earth as some sort of punishment.” Dave Pawson DECLARATION This thesis is the result of work completed wholly while registered as a postgraduate in the School of Ocean and Earth Science, University of Southampton. UNIVERSITY OF SOUTHAMPTON ABSTRACT FACULTY OF SCIENCE SCHOOL OF OCEAN AND EARTH SCIENCE Doctor of Philosophy Systematics and Phylogeny of the Holothurian Family Synallactidae By Francisco Alonso Solís-Marín The sea cucumbers of the family Synallactidae (Echinodermata: Holothuroidea) are mostly restricted to the deep sea. They comprise of approximately 131 species, about one-third of all known deep-sea holothurian species. Many species are morphologically similar, making their identification and classification difficult. The aim of this study is to present the phylogeny of the family Synallactidae based on DNA sequences of the mitochondrial large subunit rRNA (16S), cytochrome oxidase I (COI) genes and morphological taxonomy characters. In order to examine type specimens, corroborate distributional data and collect muscles tissues for the DNA analyses, 7 institutions that hold holothurian specimens were visited. For each synallactid species, selected synonymy, primary diagnosis, location of type material, type locality, distributional data (geographical and bathymetrical) and extra biological information were extracted from the primary references.
    [Show full text]
  • (Echinodermata) Collected During the TALUD Cruises Off the Pacific Coast of Mexico, with the Description of Two New Species Revista Mexicana De Biodiversidad, Vol
    Revista Mexicana de Biodiversidad ISSN: 1870-3453 [email protected] Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México México Massin, Claude; Hendrickx, Michel E. Deep-water Holothuroidea (Echinodermata) collected during the TALUD cruises off the Pacific coast of Mexico, with the description of two new species Revista Mexicana de Biodiversidad, vol. 82, núm. 2, junio, 2011, pp. 413-443 Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México Distrito Federal, México Available in: http://www.redalyc.org/articulo.oa?id=42521043005 How to cite Complete issue Scientific Information System More information about this article Network of Scientific Journals from Latin America, the Caribbean, Spain and Portugal Journal's homepage in redalyc.org Non-profit academic project, developed under the open access initiative Revista Mexicana de Biodiversidad 82: 413-443, 2011 Deep-water Holothuroidea (Echinodermata) collected during the TALUD cruises off the Pacific coast of Mexico, with the description of two new species Holothuroidea (Echinodermata) de mar profundo recolectadas durante las campañas TALUD frente a la costa del Pacífico mexicano, con la descripción de dos especies nuevas Claude Massin1 and Michel E. Hendrickx2* 1Department of Recent Invertebrates, Royal Belgian Institute of Natural Sciences, Rue Vautier 29, Brussels, B-1000, Belgium. 2Unidad Académica Mazatlán, Instituto de Ciencias del Mar y Limnología, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México, PO Box 811, 82000 Mazatlán, Sinaloa, México. *Correspondent: [email protected] Abstract. Research cruises aboard the R/V “El Puma” were organized to collect deep-water benthic and pelagic specimens off the Pacific coast of Mexico. Seventy four specimens of Holothuroidea were collected off the Pacific coast of Mexico in depths of 377-2 200 m.
    [Show full text]
  • The Lower Bathyal and Abyssal Seafloor Fauna of Eastern Australia T
    O’Hara et al. Marine Biodiversity Records (2020) 13:11 https://doi.org/10.1186/s41200-020-00194-1 RESEARCH Open Access The lower bathyal and abyssal seafloor fauna of eastern Australia T. D. O’Hara1* , A. Williams2, S. T. Ahyong3, P. Alderslade2, T. Alvestad4, D. Bray1, I. Burghardt3, N. Budaeva4, F. Criscione3, A. L. Crowther5, M. Ekins6, M. Eléaume7, C. A. Farrelly1, J. K. Finn1, M. N. Georgieva8, A. Graham9, M. Gomon1, K. Gowlett-Holmes2, L. M. Gunton3, A. Hallan3, A. M. Hosie10, P. Hutchings3,11, H. Kise12, F. Köhler3, J. A. Konsgrud4, E. Kupriyanova3,11,C.C.Lu1, M. Mackenzie1, C. Mah13, H. MacIntosh1, K. L. Merrin1, A. Miskelly3, M. L. Mitchell1, K. Moore14, A. Murray3,P.M.O’Loughlin1, H. Paxton3,11, J. J. Pogonoski9, D. Staples1, J. E. Watson1, R. S. Wilson1, J. Zhang3,15 and N. J. Bax2,16 Abstract Background: Our knowledge of the benthic fauna at lower bathyal to abyssal (LBA, > 2000 m) depths off Eastern Australia was very limited with only a few samples having been collected from these habitats over the last 150 years. In May–June 2017, the IN2017_V03 expedition of the RV Investigator sampled LBA benthic communities along the lower slope and abyss of Australia’s eastern margin from off mid-Tasmania (42°S) to the Coral Sea (23°S), with particular emphasis on describing and analysing patterns of biodiversity that occur within a newly declared network of offshore marine parks. Methods: The study design was to deploy a 4 m (metal) beam trawl and Brenke sled to collect samples on soft sediment substrata at the target seafloor depths of 2500 and 4000 m at every 1.5 degrees of latitude along the western boundary of the Tasman Sea from 42° to 23°S, traversing seven Australian Marine Parks.
    [Show full text]
  • I. Introduction
    Bathymetric distribution of the species .... 210 2. Penetration of species into the Bathymetric zonation of the deep sea ...... 210 Mediterranean deep sea ............. 235 Bathymetric distribution and taxonomic 3. Comparison with other groups ....... 235 relationship .......................... 214 Sediments and nutrient conditions ........ 235 Number of species and individuals in Hydrostatic pressure ..................... 237 relation to depth ...................... 217 Currents ............................... 238 Topography ............................ 238 E. Geographic distribution .................. 219 Conclusion ............................. 239 The exploration of the different geographic regions ............................... 219 G. The hadal fauna ........................ 239 The bathyal fauna ...................... 220 The hadal environment .................. 239 The abyssal fauna ....................... 221 General features of the hadal fauna ....... 240 1. World-wide distributions ............ 223 2. The Antarctic Ocean ................ 224 H. Evolutionary aspects .................... 243 3. The North Atlantic ................. 225 Evolution within the deep sea versus 4. The South Atlantic ................. 227 immigration from shallower depths .... 243 5. The Indian Ocean .................. 22; Geographic variation .................... 244 6. The Indonesian seas ................ 228 1. Clines ............................. 245 7. The Pacific Ocean .................. 231 2. Local variation ..................... 245 8. The Arctic
    [Show full text]
  • Extreme Mitochondrial DNA Divergence Within Populations of the Deep-Sea Gastropod Frigidoalvania Brychia
    Marine Biology .2001) 139: 1107±1113 DOI 10.1007/s002270100662 J.M. Quattro á M.R. Chase á M.A. Rex á T.W. Greig R.J. Etter Extreme mitochondrial DNA divergence within populations of the deep-sea gastropod Frigidoalvania brychia Received: 16 January 2001 / Accepted: 3 July 2001 / Published online: 1 September 2001 Ó Springer-Verlag 2001 Abstract The deep sea supports a diverse and highly this site. Steep vertical selective gradients, major endemic invertebrate fauna, the origin of which remains oceanographic changes during the late Cenozoic, and obscure. Little is known about geographic variation in habitat fragmentation by submarine canyons might have deep-sea organisms or the evolutionary processes that contributed to an upper bathyal region that is highly promote population-level dierentiation and eventual conducive to evolutionary change. speciation. Sequence variation at the 16 S rDNA locus was examined in formalin-preserved specimens of the Introduction common upper bathyal rissoid Frigidoalvania brychia .Verrill, 1884) to examine its population genetic struc- During the last several decades, much has been learned ture. The specimens came from trawl samples taken over about the interactions of mutation, selection, migration 30 years ago at depths of 457±1,102 m at stations in the and random genetic drift, and their impacts on popu- Northwest Atlantic south of Woods Hole, Massachu- lation-level dierentiation .e.g. Hartl and Clark 1997; Li setts, USA. Near the upper boundary of its bathymetric 1997). Genetic structure is the most basic information range .500 m), extremely divergent haplotypes com- for documenting the degree of population-level diver- prising three phylogenetically distinct clades .average gence and inferring its cause.s).
    [Show full text]
  • Gastropoda; Conoidea; Terebridae) M
    Macroevolution of venom apparatus innovations in auger snails (Gastropoda; Conoidea; Terebridae) M. Castelin, N. Puillandre, Yu.I. Kantor, M.V. Modica, Y. Terryn, C. Cruaud, P. Bouchet, M. Holford To cite this version: M. Castelin, N. Puillandre, Yu.I. Kantor, M.V. Modica, Y. Terryn, et al.. Macroevolution of venom apparatus innovations in auger snails (Gastropoda; Conoidea; Terebridae). Molecular Phylogenetics and Evolution, Elsevier, 2012, 64 (1), pp.21-44. 10.1016/j.ympev.2012.03.001. hal-02458096 HAL Id: hal-02458096 https://hal.archives-ouvertes.fr/hal-02458096 Submitted on 28 Jan 2020 HAL is a multi-disciplinary open access L’archive ouverte pluridisciplinaire HAL, est archive for the deposit and dissemination of sci- destinée au dépôt et à la diffusion de documents entific research documents, whether they are pub- scientifiques de niveau recherche, publiés ou non, lished or not. The documents may come from émanant des établissements d’enseignement et de teaching and research institutions in France or recherche français ou étrangers, des laboratoires abroad, or from public or private research centers. publics ou privés. Macroevolution of venom apparatus innovations in auger snails (Gastropoda; Conoidea; Terebridae) M. Castelina,1b, N. Puillandre1b,c, Yu. I. Kantord, Y. Terryne, C. Cruaudf, P. Bouchetg, M. Holforda*. a The City University of New York-Hunter College and The Graduate Center, The American Museum of Natural History NYC, USA. 1b UMR 7138, Muséum National d’Histoire Naturelle, Departement Systematique et Evolution, 43, Rue Cuvier, 75231 Paris, France c Atheris Laboratories, Case postale 314, CH-1233 Bernex-Geneva, Switzerland d A.N. Severtsov Institute of Ecology and Evolution, Russian Academy of Sciences, Leninski Prosp.
    [Show full text]
  • Elpidia Soyoae, a New Species of Deep-Sea Holothurian (Echinodermata) from the Japan Trench Area
    Species Diversity 25: 153–162 Published online 7 August 2020 DOI: 10.12782/specdiv.25.153 Elpidia soyoae, a New Species of Deep-sea Holothurian (Echinodermata) from the Japan Trench Area Akito Ogawa1,2,4, Takami Morita3 and Toshihiko Fujita1,2 1 Graduate School of Science, The University of Tokyo, 7-3-1 Hongo, Bunkyo-ku, Tokyo 113-0033, Japan E-mail: [email protected] 2 Department of Zoology, National Museum of Nature and Science, 4-1-1 Amakubo, Tsukuba, Ibaraki 305-0005, Japan 3 National Research Institute of Fisheries Science, Japan Fisheries Research and Education Agency, 2-12-4 Fukuura, Kanazawa-ku, Yokohama, Kanagawa 236-8648, Japan 4 Corresponding author (Received 23 October 2019; Accepted 28 May 2020) http://zoobank.org/00B865F7-1923-4F75-9075-14CB51A96782 A new species of holothurian, Elpidia soyoae sp. nov., is described from the Japan Trench area, at depths of 3570– 4145 m. It is distinguished from its congeners in having: four or five paired papillae and unpaired papillae present along entire dorsal radii (four to seven papillae on each radius), with wide separation between second and third paired papillae; maximum length of Elpidia-type ossicles in dorsal body wall exceeds 1000 µm; axis diameter of dorsal Elpidia-type ossicles less than 40 µm; tentacle Elpidia-type ossicles with arched axis and shortened, occasionally completely reduced arms and apophyses. Purple pigmentation spots composed of small purple particles on both dorsal and ventral body wall. This is the second species of Elpidia Théel, 1876 from Japanese abyssal depths. The diagnosis of the genus Elpidia is modified to distin- guish from all other elpidiid genera.
    [Show full text]
  • Biodiversidad De Los Equinodermos (Echinodermata) Del Mar Profundo Mexicano
    Biodiversidad de los equinodermos (Echinodermata) del mar profundo mexicano Francisco A. Solís-Marín,1 A. Laguarda-Figueras,1 A. Durán González,1 A.R. Vázquez-Bader,2 Adolfo Gracia2 Resumen Nuestro conocimiento de la diversidad del mar profundo en aguas mexicanas se limita a los escasos estudios existentes. El número de especies descritas es incipiente y los registros taxonómicos que existen provienen sobre todo de estudios realizados por ex- tranjeros y muy pocos por investigadores mexicanos, con los cuales es posible conjuntar algunas listas faunísticas. Es importante dar a conocer lo que se sabe hasta el momen- to sobre los equinodermos de las zonas profundas de México, información básica para diversos sectores en nuestro país, tales como los tomadores de decisiones y científicos interesados en el tema. México posee hasta el momento 643 especies de equinoder- mos reportadas en sus aguas territoriales, aproximadamente el 10% del total de las especies reportadas en todo el planeta (~7,000). Según los registros de la Colección Nacional de Equinodermos (ICML, UNAM), la Colección de Equinodermos del “Natural History Museum, Smithsonian Institution”, Washington, DC., EUA y la bibliografía revisa- 1 Colección Nacional de Equinodermos “Ma. E. Caso Muñoz”, Laboratorio de Sistemá- tica y Ecología de Equinodermos, Instituto de Ciencias del Mar y Limnología (ICML), Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México (UNAM). Apdo. Post. 70-305, México, D. F. 04510, México. 2 Laboratorio de Ecología Pesquera de Crustáceos, Instituto de Ciencias del Mar y Lim- nología (ICML), (UNAM), Apdo. Postal 70-305, México D. F., 04510, México. 215 da, existen 348 especies de equinodermos que habitan las aguas profundas mexicanas (≥ 200 m) lo que corresponde al 54.4% del total de las especies reportadas para el país.
    [Show full text]
  • Response of Deep-Sea Deposit-Feeders to Detrital Inputs: a Comparison of Two Abyssal Time-Series Sites
    Deep–Sea Research II 173 (2020) 104677 Contents lists available at ScienceDirect Deep-Sea Research Part II journal homepage: http://www.elsevier.com/locate/dsr2 Response of deep-sea deposit-feeders to detrital inputs: A comparison of two abyssal time-series sites Jennifer M. Durden a,b,*, Brian J. Bett a, Christine L. Huffard c, Corinne Pebody a, Henry A. Ruhl a,c, Kenneth L. Smith Jr. c a National Oceanography Centre, European Way, Southampton, SO14 3ZH, UK b Ocean and Earth Science, University of Southampton, National Oceanography Centre, Waterfront Campus, European Way, Southampton, SO14 3ZH, UK c Monterey Bay Aquarium Research Institute, 7700 Sandholdt Road, Moss Landing, CA, USA, 95039 ARTICLE INFO ABSTRACT Keywords: Biological communities on the abyssal plain are largely dependent on detritus from the surface ocean as their Seasonality main source of energy. Seasonal fluctuations in the deposition of that detritus cause temporal variations in the Community function quantity and quality of food available to these communities, altering their structure and the activity of the taxa Detritus present. However, direct observations of energy acquisition in relation to detritus availability across megafaunal Grazing taxa in abyssal communities are few. We used time-lapse photography and coincident measurement of organic Invertebrates Station M matter flux from water column sediment traps to examine the impact of seasonal detrital inputs on resource Porcupine Abyssal Plain-Sustained Observatory acquisition by the deposit feeding megafauna assemblages at two sites: Station M (Northeast Pacific, 4000 m water depth) and the Porcupine Abyssal Plain Sustained Observatory (PAP-SO, Northeast Atlantic 4850 m water depth).
    [Show full text]