Jólasveinar, Álfar, Gandreið
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Sniðmát Meistaraverkefnis HÍ
MA ritgerð Norræn trú Að hitta skrímslið í skóginum Animal Shape-shifting, Identity, and Exile in Old Norse Religion and World-view Caroline Elizabeth Oxley Leiðbeinandi: Terry Adrian Gunnell Október 2019 Að hitta skrímslið í skóginum Animal Shape-shifting, Identity, and Exile in Old Norse Religion and World-view Caroline Elizabeth Oxley Lokaverkefni til MA–gráðu í Norrænni trú Leiðbeinandi: Terry Adrian Gunnell 60 einingar Félags– og mannvísindadeild Félagsvísindasvið Háskóla Íslands Október, 2019 Að hitta skrímslið í skóginum Ritgerð þessi er lokaverkefni til MA-gráðu í Norrænni trú og er óheimilt að afrita ritgerðina á nokkurn hátt nema með leyfi rétthafa. © Caroline Elizabeth Oxley, 2019 Prentun: Háskólaprent Reykjavík, Ísland, 2019 Caroline Oxley MA in Old Nordic Religion: Thesis Kennitala: 181291-3899 Október 2019 Abstract Að hitta skrímslið í skóginum: Animal Shape-shifting, Identity, and Exile in Old Norse Religion and World-view This thesis is a study of animal shape-shifting in Old Norse culture, considering, among other things, the related concepts of hamr, hugr, and the fylgjur (and variations on these concepts) as well as how shape-shifters appear to be associated with the wild, exile, immorality, and violence. Whether human, deities, or some other type of species, the shape-shifter can be categorized as an ambiguous and fluid figure who breaks down many typical societal borderlines including those relating to gender, biology, animal/ human, and sexual orientation. As a whole, this research project seeks to better understand the background, nature, and identity of these figures, in part by approaching the subject psychoanalytically, more specifically within the framework established by the Swiss psychoanalyst, Carl Jung, as part of his theory of archetypes. -
A Handbook of Norse Mythology
A HANDBOOK OF NORSE MYTHOLOGY BY KARL MORTENSEN DOCTOR OF PHILOSOPHY UNIVERSITY OF COPENHAGEN ; ADJUNCT AT THE CATHEDRAL SCHOOL (ROYAL GYMNASIUM) AT ODENSB TRANSLATED FROM THE DANISH BY A. CLINTON CROWELL ASSOCIATE PROFESSOR IN BROWN UNIVERSITY 1 ' , . * ' ' - r , * - . l I I . , NEW YORK THOMAS Y. CROWELL COMPANY PUBLISHERS THE NEW YORK PUBLIC LIBRARY COPYRIGHT, 1913, BY THOMAS Y. CROWELL COMPANY. Published March, 1913. This compilation © Phoenix E-Books UK AUTHOR'S PREFACE THIS popular presentation of the myths and sagas which took shape here in the North but whose foundation is common property of all the people who speak a Gothic-Germanic language, first appeared in 1898 and has been used since then in the study of Xorse Mythology in the high schools and universities of all the Scandina- vian countries. Since Professor Crowell has thought that the little book might also achieve a modest success in the youngest but richest and.mosi powerful branch which has grown iron, cur ccmin-on >;uot, I have without hesitation, accopte^ his friendly pro- posal to transjate.jc into English. I find r great satisfaction m, hav -;ig my work put into the world's most comprehensive lan- guage and placed before students in the United States, where I have so many friends, where so many relatives and fel- low-countrymen have found a home and a iii iv AUTHOR'S PREFACE future, and toward which country we Northerners look with the deepest admira- tion and respect for the mighty forces which are seeking to control material things and to break new ground in the infinite realms of the intellect. -
Mackenzie, Colin Peter (2014) Vernacular Psychologies in Old Norse- Icelandic and Old English
Mackenzie, Colin Peter (2014) Vernacular psychologies in Old Norse- Icelandic and Old English. PhD thesis. http://theses.gla.ac.uk/5290/ Copyright and moral rights for this work are retained by the author A copy can be downloaded for personal non-commercial research or study, without prior permission or charge This work cannot be reproduced or quoted extensively from without first obtaining permission in writing from the author The content must not be changed in any way or sold commercially in any format or medium without the formal permission of the author When referring to this work, full bibliographic details including the author, title, awarding institution and date of the thesis must be given Enlighten:Theses http://theses.gla.ac.uk/ [email protected] Vernacular Psychologies in Old Norse-Icelandic and Old English Colin Peter Mackenzie MA, MPhil Submitted in fulfilment of the requirement for the Degree of PhD English Language School of Critical Studies College of Arts University of Glasgow June 2014 2 Abstract This thesis examines the vernacular psychology presented in Old Norse-Icelandic texts. It focuses on the concept hugr , generally rendered in English as ‘mind, soul, spirit’, and explores the conceptual relationships between emotion, cognition and the body. It argues that despite broad similarities, Old Norse-Icelandic and Old English vernacular psychology differ more than has previously been acknowledged. Furthermore, it shows that the psychology of Old Norse-Icelandic has less in common with its circumpolar neighbours than proposed by advocates of Old Norse-Icelandic shamanism. The thesis offers a fresh interpretation of Old Norse-Icelandic psychology which does not rely on cross-cultural evidence from other Germanic or circumpolar traditions. -
Svinnur Vín Valföðurs Gungnir Glaðheimar
Goþrún dimmblá skráir mál litlu kjaftforu völvu Óðsmál in fornu ISBN 978-9935-409-40-9 14. ISBN 978-9935-409-13-3 svinnur vín valföðurs Gungnir Glaðheimar Göia goði, Óðsmál, http://www.mmedia.is/odsmal [email protected]; [email protected] Norræn menning ***************************************** +354 694 1264; +354 552 8080 svinnur (vitund) vín Valföðurs (lífs flæði) val þýðir fara, nálgast, flýta, og einnig að snúa aftur heim 1 Gungnir (bylgjur) Glaðheimar (gleikkun manns vitundar) -Heill, Óðinn, sem æ við vín eitt unir. -Heil, völva. Heill sé þér. Veit ek hví þú ávarpar mig. Yppir Óðinn svipum fyr Sigtíva sonum. Sækist þú eftir aufúsuþekkingu frá mér. (aufusa gleði fagnaðarefni) Muntu vilja bergja á kálki hjá mér í hverjum er hunangsmjöðurinn. Tilgangur lífsins er hamingja, Glaðheimar, gleikkun hamingju (17.) og sælu Sólar (17.). Þar nema menn frævast og fróðir vera og vaxa og vel hafast. Orðs sér af orði orðs leita, verk sér af verki verks leita. Sjá munu devata, tíva, í orðum vedanna, og flæðið úr gapinu milli orðanna. Allt verður til úr gapinu milli orðanna. Mismunadi devata, tívar, breyta orðum vedanna í gapinu milli þeirra. Í gapinu milli atkvæðanna. Þetta hið óskapaða svið er ævarandi heimur, gapið mikla sem ætíð er og ætíð verður. Ginnungagap er dýpið. Hefur yfirborðsöldur, en öldur eru í raun hafið. Ginnungagap er einnig þekkt sem Mímir (13.; frb.ísmriti) . Tengslum milli dýpisins og yfirborðsaldanna er viðhaldið af devata, tívum, höftum og böndum. Það eru þau in glæstu tívasjöt. Ginnungagap er kyrrð dýpisins, segir Mímir alminnugr. Ginnungagap hefur yfirborðsöldur sem við sjáum sem alheiminn. 2 Öldur á hafi eru í raun hafið. -
Huginn and Muninn a Few Archetypes of Old Norse Collective Unconscious
Huginn and Muninn or a few Archetypes of Old Norse Collective Unconscious Introduction A capital information needed for a better understanding of Óðinn’s mysteries consists in thinking of the main meanings of his two ravens’ names… up to the point of being able to guess, though without absolute certainty, some features of his conscious thinking and the archetypes controlling the unconscious of his ancient Norse devotees. In order to achieve this goal we will compare the various meanings of verbs and substantives upon which are based the names Huginn and Muninn. We will at first build lists of these meanings, then compare pairs of their content in order to pinpoint their differences and their common features. This analysis is quite lengthy, it may be useful to provide now the conclusions we will reach. The meaning of some Old Norse words and some quotations of poetic Edda will slowly lead us to discover that ‘obviously’, for old Norse heathen people, Huginn has been a representative of Óðinn’s conscious thought, whereas Muninn was the representative of his unconscious, featuring several archetypes structuring a collective unconscious of the Old Norse civilization that was strikingly different from ours. These concepts have been highlighted by our civilization around the end of the 19th century, then developed during the 20th by E. Freud and, more systematically, by C. Jung1. I am afraid that this conclusion would be seen as a complete oddity. It does not seem ‘rational’ to claim that the civilization of the colonized heathen Norse people might have been by some one thousand years ahead of the civilization of colonizing Christian Franks. -
(Re)Visionsofroyalluckinthe Sagasofóláfrtryggvason
(Re)visions of Royal Luck in the Sagas of Óláfr Tryggvason Chandar Lal ‘[G]ipt yður ok hamingja herra má oss meira en menn nǫkkurir.’ (ÓTM, ii, 96) (Your luck and good fortune, lord, will be more powerful for us than any men will.) láfr Tryggvason, the late tenthcentury missionary king of Norway, was Óimmortalized in a sequence of medieval Scandinavian prose narratives. Written variously in Latin and in Old Norse, these included the early synoptic histories of Norway and a line of sagas which followed. The latter constitute by far the longer and more elaborate accounts of the king’s life and will form the main focus of the present study. The primary texts to be examined are Oddr Snorrason’s Óláfs saga Tryggvasonar, Snorri Sturluson’s Óláfs saga Tryggvasonar in Heimskringla, and the anonymous Óláfs saga Tryggvasonar en mesta.1 Elizabeth Ashman Rowe, citing Tim William Machan, conceives of these sagas as a ‘living textual tradition’ in which ‘writers freely created their own versions 1 The editions used will be abbreviated respectively asÓTO , Hsk, and ÓTM. Old Norse quotations will be in the normalized form used by Hsk. For a comprehensive account of the composition, manuscript context, transmission, and reception of the texts, see Sveinbjörn Rafnsson 2005, 15–120 and 225–67. Chandar Lal ([email protected]) recently graduated with an MPhil in Anglo-Saxon, Norse, and Celtic at the University of Cambridge. Abstract: This article examines the depictions of royal luck in three sagas of Óláfr Tryggvason. In existing scholarship Old Norse concepts of luck defy clear definition, having been read variously as Christian and pagan; abstract and concrete; individual and societal; predetermined and serendipitous; innate and endowed from above. -
Elder Futhark Rune Poem and Some Notes RYKHART: ODINSXRAL
Elder Futhark Rune Poem and some notes RYKHART: ODINSXRAL Dedication Mysteries ancient, Allfather found Wrested from anguish, nine days fast bound Hung from the world tree, pierced by the spear Odin who seized them, make these staves clear 1 Unless otherwise specified, all text and artwork within ELDER FUTHARK RUNE POEM and some notes RYKHART: ODINSXRAL are copyright by the author and is not to be copied or reproduced in any medium or form without the express written permission of the author Reikhart Odinsthrall both Reikhart Odinsthrall and RYKHART: ODINSXRAL are also both copyright Dec 31, 2013 Elder Futhark Rune Poem by Reikhart Odinsthrall is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution- NonCommercial-NoDerivatives 4.0 International License. Based on a work at http://odinsthrall.co.uk/rune-poem.html. 2 F: Fehu : Cattle / Wealth Wealth is won and gold bestowed But honour's due to all men owed Gift the given and ware the lord For thy name's worth noised abroad U: Uruz : Aurochs / Wild-ox Wild ox-blood proud, sharp hornéd might On moorland harsh midst sprite and wight Unconquered will and fierce in form Through summer's sun and winter's storm X: Thurisaz : Thorn / Giant / Thor Thorn hedge bound the foe repelled A giant's anger by Mjolnir felled Thor protect us, fight for troth In anger true as Odin's wrath A: Ansuz : As / God / Odin In mead divine and written word In raven's call and whisper heard Wisdom seek and wise-way act In Mimir's well see Odin's pact R: Raidho : Journey / Carriage By horse and wheel to travel far Till journey's -
Norse Mythology
A H AN D BOO K O F NO RSE MYTHO LOGY KA RL MORTENSEN DOCT O R OF PH I L OSO PHY UN IV E RS ITY O F CO P EN H AGEN ; A DJU NCT A T TH E CA TH E DRA L S CH OO L ( ROYAL GYM NASIUM) A T O DENSE TRAN SL A TED F ROM TH E DANISH I A . CL N TON CROWEL L ASS OCIATE PR OF ESSOR KN B ROW N UNIV ERS ITY N EW YORK W TH OMAS Y . CRO ELL COMPAN Y P UB LI SH E RS A U TH OR ’S P RE F A CE TH IS p o pular pre s entati o n o f th e myth s and s aga s w h ich to o k shap e he re in th e N o rth but wh o s e fo undati o n i s co mmo n pro perty o f all th e p e o ple w h o s pe ak a Go - Ge e s e e thic rmanic languag , fir t app ar d in 1898 and h as bee n u se d s ince th en in th e s tudy o f N o r s e Myth o l o gy in th e high s ch o o l s and unive rs iti e s o f all th e S candina P e o o e vian c o untries . S ince ro f s s r Cr w ll h as th o ught that th e little b o o k might al s o achieve a m o de s t s ucc es s in th e y o unges t but rich es t and m o st p o we r ful branch which “ - s o frOm our o mOn . -
Scandinavian Mythology, Pre-Christian Religious Beliefs of the Scandinavian People
Scandinavian Mythology, pre-Christian religious beliefs of the Scandinavian people. The Scandinavian legends and myths about ancient heroes, gods, and the creation and destruction of the universe developed out of the original common mythology of the Germanic peoples (Ed. note: This is a common theory among Germanic scholars, who tend to believe that the Sax invented everything. The truth is that the Nordic, both Wanr & Aesr, and the Saxon (Germanic) mythology originated in, and developed from, India and the Vedas) and constitute the primary source of knowledge about ancient German mythology. Because Scandinavian mythology was transmitted and altered by medieval Christian historians, the original pagan religious beliefs, attitudes, and practices cannot be determined with certainty. Clearly, however, Scandinavian mythology developed slowly, and the relative importance of different gods and heroes varied at different times and places. Thus, the cult of Odin, chief of the gods, may have spread from western Germany to Scandinavia not long before the myths were recorded; minor gods including Ull, the fertility god Njord, and Heimdall may represent older deities who lost strength and popularity as Odin became more important. Odin, a god of war, was also associated with learning, wisdom, poetry, and magic. (ed. note: Odin associated himself with anything that made him look good.) Most information about Scandinavian mythology is preserved in the Old Norse literature (Icelandic, Swedish, and Norwegian Literature), in the Eddas and later sagas; other material appears in commentaries by the Danish historian Saxo Grammaticus and the German writer Adam of Bremen (flourished about 1075). Fragments of legends are sometimes preserved in old inscriptions and in later folklore. -
STUDIES in the SOURCES of JRR TOLKIEN's the LORD of TOE RINGS. the Universit
This dissertation has been microfilmed exactly as received 7 0 - 9 9 9 8 ST. CLAIR, Gloria Ann Strange Slaughter, 1939- STUDIES IN THE SOURCES OF J.R.R. TOLKIEN’S THE LORD OF TOE RINGS. The University of Oklahoma, Ph.D., 1970 Language and Literature, modem University Microfilms, Inc., Ann Arbor, Michigan This disssîtsîioo has been microfilmed exactly as received 70-9998 ST. CLAIR, Gloria AnnStrange Slaughter, 1939- STUDIES IN THE SOURCES OF J.R.R. TOLKIEN’S THE LORD OF THE RINGS. The University of Oklahoma, Ph.D., 1970 Language and Literature, modem University Microfilms, Inc., Ann Arbor, Michigan THE UNIVERSITY OP OKLAHOMA GRADUATE COLLEGE STUDIES IN THE SOURCES OP J.R.R. TOLKIEN'S THE LORD OP THE RINGS A DISSERTATION SUBMITTED TO THE GRADUATE FACULTY In partial fulfillment of the requirements for the degree of DOCTOR OP PHILOSOPHY BY GLORIA ANN STRANGE SLAUGHTER ST. CLAIR Norman, Oklahoma 1969 STUDIES IN THE SOURCES OF J.R.R. TOLKIEN'S THE LORD OF THE RINGS APPROVED BY / C - y h L ^ ^ J ^ Ljc£l. DISSERTATION COMMITTEE ACKNOWLEDGEMENTS Dr. Rudolph C. Beunbas Instructed me In Old Norse, generously agreed to direct the dissertation, and subse quently advised me on matters both major and minor. He gave me the proper perspective on my problem, and he egged me on when I tarried. Dr. French and Dr. Eicon:.n made valuable suggestions about the definitions of the novel. And, the Interlibrary Loan Service responded graciously and efficiently to my long lists of unusual requests. My sister, Darla Strange, encouraged me from the beginning of my doctoral program. -
Turville Petre Myth and Religion of the North
Myth and Religion of the North The Religion of Ancient Scandinavia E. O. G. TURVILLE-PETRE GREENWOOD PRESS, PUBLISHERS WESTPORT, CONNECTICUT ( —— CONTENTS Library of Congress Cataloging in Publication Data Turville -Petrs, Edward Oswald Gabriel. Myth and religion of the North. Reprint of the ed. published by Holt, Rinehart and PREFACE ix Winston, New York. Bibliography: p. Includes index. I THE SOURCES I -Religion. 1. Mythology, Norse. 2. Scandinavia- Introductory—Old Norse Poetry—Histories and Sagas I. Title. Snorri Sturluson—Saxo Grammaticus [BL860.T8 1975] 293' -0948 75-5003 ISBN 0-8371-7420-1 II OBINN 35 God of Poetry—Lord of the Gallows—God of War—Father of Gods and Men— 5dinn and his Animals—Odinn’s Names Odinn’s Eye—The Cult of Odinn—Woden-Wotan / III VxV‘~W'- \ THOR 75 Thdr and the Serpent—Thdr and the Giants—Thdr’s Ham- mer and his Goats—The Worship of Thor—Thdr in the Viking Colonies—Thdr-Thunor—Conclusion IV BALDR 106 The West Norse Sources—Saxo—The Character of Baldr and his Cult Continental and English Tradition * 2551069268 * — Filozoficka fakulta V LOKI 126 Univerzity Karlovy v Praze VI HEIMDALL 147 VII THE VANIR 156 The War of the JSsir and Vanir—Njord—Freyr-Frddi-Ner- thus-Ing—Freyja Winston, New York Originally published in 1964 by Holt, Rinehart and VIII LESSER-KNOWN DEITIES 180 1964 by E.O.G. Turville-Petre Copyright © Tyr—UI1—Bragi—Idunn—Gefjun—Frigg and others permission of Holt, Rinehart and Winston, Inc. Reprinted with the IX THE DIVINE KINGS 190 Reprinted in 1975 by Greenwood Press X THE DIVINE HEROES 196 A division -
The 15Th International Saga Conference Sagas and the Use of the Past 5Th –11Th August 2012, Aarhus University Preprint of Abstracts
The 15th International Saga Conference Sagas and the Use of the Past 5th –11th August 2012, Aarhus University Preprint of Abstracts Edited by A. Mathias Valentin Nordvig and Lisbeth H. Torfing with Pernille Hermann, Jens Peter Schjødt and Ulla Loumand Sponsored by: A.P. Møller og Hustru Chastine Mc-Kinney Møllers Fond til almene Formaal; 15. juni Fonden; Forskningsrådet for Kultur og Kommuni- kation (FKK); Kungl. Gustav Adolfs Akademien för svensk folkkultur; Letterstedtska Föreningen; Faculty of Arts, Aarhus University; The De- partment of Aesthetics and Communication, Aarhus University; The Department of Culture and Society, Aarhus University; Salling; Bryg- geriet Sct. Clemens. MB Published by Department of Aesthetics and Communication Department of Culture and Society Faculty of Arts SUN-Tryk Fællestrykkeriet for Sundhedsvidenskab og Humaniora, Aarhus Universitet All rights reserved. Copyright © 2012, the Contributors. ISBN: 978-87-995444-0-0 http://sagaconference.au.dk/fileadmin/sagaconference/Pre-print.pdf The cover image is the so-called “Aarhus Mask”, a depiction on a ru- nestone found in the district of Hasle in Aarhus. It has been dated to the period 970-1020. Design by Nichlas Tougaard, Det Nye Sort. Preface The theme of the 15th International Saga Conference, the 5th to the 11th of August, 2012, Aarhus University, is Sagas and the Use of the Past. Papers at the conference will be presented in one of the following categories: Memory and Fiction, Myth and Reality, Textuality and Manuscript Transmission, Genre and Concepts of History, Oral Tradi- tion, The Christianisation of Denmark and Eastern Scandinavia, The Use of Sagas and Eddas in the 21st Century and Open Session Apart from the keynote lectures, orally-presented papers are organized in up to 6 parallel sessions on each day of the conference, in addition to which there are poster presentations, which are presented on Thursday afternoon.