Amravati District Profile1

Amravati District is one of the eleven districts of Vidarbha region of Maharashtra. It is situated in the northern part of the State abutting Madhya Pradesh State and lies between north latitudes 21°46’ and 20°32’ and east longitudes 78°27’ and 76°37’. The district covers an area of 12626 sq.kms. Amravati district has Madhya Pradesh on South, Nagpur and Wardha districts on east, Yavatmal on south, Washim, Akola and Buldana districts on the western side (inferred from the district Map).

The district is divided into six sub-divisions such as, Amravati, Daryapur, Achalpur, Morshi, Dharni and Chandur (Rly), 14 talukas2 and 724 panchayat villages. Chikhaldara, Anjangaon, Achalpur, Chandurbazar, Morshi, Warud, Shendurjana, Amravati, Daryapur Banosa, Chandur Railway, Dattapur Dhamangaon are the towns located in Amravati district (Census, 2011).

Table 1 to 22 given below provide some basic data pertaining to some salient features of Amravati district. Section I: Population related details

Table No. 1 Population by Sex, Amravati District, 2011 Area Persons Male Female

Rural 18,51,158 9,50,633 9,00,525

Urban 10,37,287 5,30,135 5,07,152

Total 28,88,445 14,80,768 14,07,677 Source: Census of India, 2011.

Table No. 2 Population in Amravati District, 1971 – 2011 Area 1971 1981 1991 2001 2011

11,16,526 13,16,911 14,82,928 17,07,581 18,51,158 Rural (72.44) (70.75) (67.40) (65.50) (64.09) 4,24,683 5,44,499 7,17,129 8,99,579 10,37,287 Urban (27.56) (29.25) (32.60) (34.50) (35.91) 15,41,209 18,61,410 22,00,057 26,07,160 28,88,445 Total (100.00) (100.00) (100.00) (100.00) (100.00) Source: Census of India, 1971, 1981, 1991, 2001, 2011.

1 Profile is based on information available in various secondary sources which are given at the end. 2 Amravati,Bhatukali, Nandgaon Khandeshwar, Daryapur, Anjangaon, Achalpur, Chandur Bazar, Morshi, Warud, Dharni, Chikhaldara, Chandur (Rly), Tiosa and Dhamangaon. Table No. 3 Annual Compound Growth Rate of Population in Amravati District, 1971 – 2011 Area 1971-81 1981-91 1991-2001 2001-11

Rural 1.66 1.19 1.42 0.81

Urban 2.52 2.79 2.29 1.43

Total 1.91 1.69 1.71 1.03 Source: Table 2

Table No.5 Percentage of Scheduled Caste Population in Amravati District, 1971 – 2011 Area 1991 2001 2011

Rural 19.38 18.63 18.69

Urban 13.55 14.28 15.46

Total 17.48 17.13 17.53

Source: Census of India, 1991, 2001, 2011

Table No.6 Percentage of Scheduled Tribe Population in Amravati District, 1971 - 2011 Area 1991 2001 2011

Rural 19.25 18.89 19.91

Urban 4.32 3.77 3.42

Total 14.38 13.68 13.99 Source: Census of India, 1991, 2001, 2011

Table No.7 Literacy Rate in Amravati District, 2011 Persons Rural Urban Total

Male 80.12 84.02 81.52

Female 70.96 80.00 74.22

All 75.67 82.06 77.96 Source: Census of India, 2011

Table No. 8 Category of Workers in Amravati District (Rural), 2001 & 2011 2001 2011

Gender Main Marginal Total Main Marginal Total Workers3 Workers4 Workers Workers Workers Workers 434246 60051 494297 499510 58707 558217 Male (87.85) (12.15) (100.00) (89.48) (10.52) (100.00)

222051 99826 321877 254973 78911 333884 Female (68.99) (31.01) (100.00) (76.37) (23.63) (100.00)

656297 159877 816174 754483 137618 892101 Total (80.41) (19.59) (100.00) (84.57) (15.43) (100.00) Note: Figures in bracket are percentage to total workers Source: Census of India, 2001, 2011

3 Those workers who had worked for the major part of the reference period (i.e. 6 months or more) are termed as Main Workers.

4 Those workers who had not worked for the major part of the reference period (i.e. less than 6 months) are termed as Marginal Workers Table No. 9 Percentage of Agricultural Workers to Total Workers in Amravati District (Rural), 2001 & 2011 Category 2001 2011

Male 28.92 25.16 Cultivators5 Female 16.64 13.33

Male 53.64 61.03 Agricultural Labourers6 Female 76.76 79.12

Male 82.56 86.19 Agricultural Workers7 Female 93.41 92.46 Source: Census of India, 2001, 2011

Section II: Agriculture related details

Table No. 10 Rainfall in Amravati District, 1970 - 2010 (in mm) Triennium average Rainfall during Annual No. of rainy centered around the monsoon (June-Sept) rainfall days during year monsoon

1970-71 663.03 741.37 45 1975-76* 674.05 827.1 36 1980-81 912.73 999.47 37 1985-86 537.33 740.33 30 1990-91 678.95 693.45 23 1995-96 700.43 815.17 39 2005 705.67 848.30 NA 2010** 778.50 899.70 NA Note: * Average of two years of 1975-76 & 1976-77 ** Average of two years of 2009 & 2010 Source: i) Economic and Political Weekly Research Foundation, 2004 ii) India Water Portal

5 He or she is engaged in cultivation of land owned or held from Government or held from private persons or institutions for payment in money, kind or share. Cultivation includes effective supervision or direction in cultivation. 6 A person who works on another person's land for wages in money or kind or share is regarded as an agricultural labourer. She or he has no risk in the cultivation, but merely works on another person's land for wages. An agricultural labourer has no right of lease or contract on land on which She/he works

7 Cultivators plus agricultural labourers Table No. 11 Land Use Pattern in Amravati District, 1970-71 to 2009-10 Triennium Net area sown Current Other fallows Culturable Barren and Permanent Forest area average fallows waste unculturable pastures centered around the Area (In % Area % Area % Area % Area % Area % Area (In % year '00 ha) (In '00 (In '00 (In '00 (In '00 (In '00 '00 ha) ha) ha) ha) ha) ha) 1970-71 7072.00 57.77 98.33 0.80 185.33 1.51 172.33 1.41 184.00 1.50 572.00 4.67 3485.67 28.47

1975-76 7108.33 58.06 192.00 1.57 191.33 1.56 83.67 0.68 182.00 1.49 650.67 5.31 3373.67 27.56

1980-81 7191.00 58.79 145.33 1.19 241.33 1.97 126.67 1.04 192.00 1.57 626.67 5.12 3271.00 26.74

1985-86 7256.33 59.42 200.67 1.64 252.00 2.06 121.67 1.00 229.33 1.88 437.33 3.58 3303.00 27.05

1990-91 7654.00 62.68 102.00 0.84 85.67 0.70 150.00 1.23 214.33 1.76 368.67 3.02 3277.33 26.84

1995-96 7459.00 61.09 231.67 1.90 282.00 2.31 106.67 0.87 198.67 1.63 371.00 3.04 3211.67 26.30

2000-01 7416.67 60.71 314.67 2.58 196.67 1.61 101.00 0.83 197.67 1.62 369.00 3.02 3147.67 25.76

2004-05 7511.33 61.48 329.67 2.70 145.33 1.19 92.67 0.76 195.00 1.60 331.67 2.71 3097.67 25.36

2009-10* 7519.00 61.55 324.00 2.65 141.00 1.15 92.00 0.75 196.00 1.60 332.00 2.72 3098.00 25.36 Note: 1. * - Figure for Single year 2009-10 2. Percentages are to Total Geographical Area

Source: 1) Economic and Political Weekly Research Foundation, 2004 2) Department of Agriculture & Cooperation, Ministry of Agriculture, Govt. of India, 2014 3) Department of Agriculture, Govt of Maharashtra, 2014 Table No. 12 Salient Features of Irrigation in Amravati District, 1970-71 to 2009-10 (Area in '00 ha) Triennium Area irrigated (in 00 hectares) Percent of Percent of average Net Area Gross Area centered Well Surface Net Area Gross Irrigated to Irrigated to around the Irrigated Area Net Area Gross year Irrigated Sown Cropped Area 1970-71 140.67 1.00 141.67 145.00 2.00 2.03

1975-76 249.00 18.33 267.33 318.67 3.76 4.35

1980-81 314.33 15.00 329.33 434.00 4.58 5.77

1985-86 389.00 10.33 399.33 556.00 5.50 7.03

1990-91 318.00 4.00 322.00 557.67 4.21 6.30

1995-96 530.67 26.33 557.00 735.00 7.47 8.17

2000-01 583.67 126.00 709.67 860.67 9.57 9.10

2009-10* 467.00 45.00 513.00 638.00 6.82 6.48 Note: * Data for single year 2009-10

Source: 1) Economic and Political Weekly Research Foundation, 2004 2) Directorate of Economics and Statistics, 2014

Table No. 13 Area under Major Crops in Amravati District, 1970-71 to 2009-10 (in '00 ha) Crops Triennium Average Centred Around the Year

1970-71 1975-76 1980-81 1985-86 1990-91 1995-96 2001-02 2009-10

Jowar 1683.33 1812.00 1876.00 1809.67 1837.33 1311.33 1102.33 459.33 Wheat 333.33 415.67 438.33 403.00 244.33 163.00 119.33 445.00 Total Cereals 2244.33 2513.67 2604.67 2467.33 2321.00 1663.67 1371.00 988.67 Tur (Red gram) 382.33 400.00 409.33 571.33 804.33 872.67 961.33 1053.67 Mung (Green gram) 100.33 145.67 174.33 213.00 673.00 530.33 680.00 454.67 Udid (Black gram) 46.33 52.33 58.67 87.67 81.67 76.00 90.33 50.67 Total Pulses 634.00 743.00 799.00 1072.33 1809.00 1962.00 2206.67 2392.67 Total foodgrains 2878.00 3256.67 3403.67 3539.67 4130.00 3625.67 3577.67 3381.00 Groundnut 348.00 308.33 307.33 230.67 302.67 193.00 42.00 16.67 Soyabean 0.00 0.33 0.67 2.67 0.00 0.00 1633.33 3213.00 Total Oilseeds 451.33 470.00 437.33 398.33 715.67 1192.00 1793.33 3365.00 Cotton 3637.33 3415.33 3444.00 3650.33 3621.33 3646.67 3042.33 1666.00 Gross Cropped 7136.67 7328.67 7515.67 7911.33 8856.33 8993.33 9352.00 9841.50 Area* Note: Data pertaining to 2001-02 are two years averages (2000-01 and 2001-02); 2009-10 are two years averages (2009-10 & 2010-11) Source: i) Economic and Political Weekly Research Foundation, 2004 ii) Department of Agriculture & Cooperation, 2014

Table No. 14 Percentage of Area under Major Crops in Amravati District, 1970-71 to 2009-10 Crops Triennium Average Centred Around the Year 1970-71 1975-76 1980-81 1985-86 1990-91 1995-96 2001-02 2009-10 Jowar 23.59 24.72 24.96 22.87 20.75 14.58 11.79 4.67

Wheat 4.67 5.67 5.83 5.09 2.76 1.81 1.28 4.52

Total Cereals 31.45 34.30 34.66 31.19 26.21 18.50 14.66 10.05

Tur (Red gram) 5.36 5.46 5.45 7.22 9.08 9.70 10.28 10.71

Mung (Green gram) 1.41 1.99 2.32 2.69 7.60 5.90 7.27 4.62

Udid (Black gram) 0.65 0.71 0.78 1.11 0.92 0.85 0.97 0.51

Total Pulses 8.88 10.14 10.63 13.55 20.43 21.82 23.60 24.31

Total foodgrains 40.33 44.44 45.29 44.74 46.63 40.32 38.26 34.35

Groundnut 4.88 4.21 4.09 2.92 3.42 2.15 0.45 0.17

Soyabean 0.00 0.00 0.01 0.03 0.00 0.00 17.47 32.65

Total Oilseeds 6.32 6.41 5.82 5.03 8.08 13.25 19.18 34.19

Cotton 50.97 46.60 45.82 46.14 40.89 40.55 32.53 16.93

Gross Cropped Area* 100.00 100.00 100.00 100.00 100.00 100.00 100.00 100.00 Note: Data pertaining to 2001-02 are two years averages (2000-01 and 2001-02); 2009-10 are two years averages (2009-10 & 2010-11)

Source: Table 12

Table No. 15 Production of Important Crops in Amravati District, 1970-71 to 2009-10 (in '00 metric tonnes) Triennium Jowar Wheat Total Tur Mung Udid Total Total Grou Soyabe Cotton average centred cereals (Red (Green (Black pulses foodgrai ndnut an around the year gram) gram) gram) ns

211.3 1970-71 718.00 150.00 944.33 270.67 13.00 7.33 316.33 1261.00 0.00 1272.33 3 277.3 1975-76 1490.33 379.00 1992.00 365.67 29.67 13.33 462.33 2456.33 0.00 1418.00 3 196.0 1980-81 2322.33 367.00 2867.00 290.33 27.67 12.33 378.67 3245.67 0.67 1496.33 0 126.6 1985-86 1947.33 339.67 2399.67 486.33 67.33 29.33 645.00 3044.67 0.00 1491.67 7 171.0 1990-91 2559.00 278.33 2957.00 521.00 205.33 23.33 882.00 3839.00 223.67 2326.00 0 196.0 1995-96 2231.33 240.33 2609.00 750.33 250.00 32.00 1353.00 3962.00 782.00 3159.33 0 1395.6 2001-02* 1557.00 145.00 1813.33 799.00 244.67 29.67 1365.33 3178.67 32.33 2068.67 7 2026.6 2005-06 925.00 259.33 1419.33 748.33 138.67 18.33 1345.00 2764.33 28.33 2174.67 7 2752.0 2009-10 470.33 786.67 1344.33 809.00 167.33 17.00 1842.33 3177.67 16.33 2768.00 0 Note: * Average of two years 2000-01 & 2001-02 Source: i) Economic and Political Weekly Research Foundation, 2004 ii) Department of Agriculture & Cooperation

Table No. 16 Average Yields of Important Crops in Amravati District, 2000 -01 to 2010-11, (in Kg/Ha) Year Wheat Jowar Tur (Red Mung Udid Soyabean Cotton gram) (Green (Black gram) gram) 2000-01 1269 1433 676 401 321 694 82 2001-02 1325 1402 874 356 368 936 119 2002-03 1034 1400 953 331 293 959 149 2003-04 1246 1428 885 403 589 1394 174 2004-05 1164 956 770 206 316 479 136 2005-06 1368 1315 851 204 204 1128 148 2006-07 1672 1177 791 268 365 1493 151 2007-08 1890 1359 1070 362 380 1700 342 2008-09 1388 911 840 130 108 333 271 2009-10 1973 1073 984 355 417 809 293 2010-11 1951 1068 526 564 532 1626 280 Source: Department of Agriculture & Cooperation, 2014

Table No. 17 Size Group – wise Operational Land Holding in Amravati District, 2000-01 & 2010-11 Size of Holding 2000-01 2010-11 No. Area No. Area Marginal 95489 68860 140423 96189 (Upto 1 ha) (28.16) (9.62) (33.77) (13.40) Small 133661 199437 171832 242675 (1-2 ha) (39.42) (27.87) (41.32) (33.82) Semi-Medium 73302 201732 75386 200472 (2-4 ha) (21.62) (28.19) (18.13) (27.94) Medium 33186 196320 25929 146232 (4-10 ha) (9.79) (27.43) (6.24) (20.38) Large 3444 49356 2288 32022 (More than 10 ha) (1.02) (6.90) (0.55) (4.46) 339082 715705 415858 717590 Total (100.00) (100.00) (100.00) (100.00) Source: Agriculture Census Division, 2000-01, 2010-11

Table No. 18 Percentage of Operational Holdings of Scheduled Caste and Scheduled Tribe, 2010-11

% of operational holding in Size of Holding 2010-11 of SC ST Marginal (Upto 1 ha) 14.91 6.24

Small (1-2 ha) 13.15 7.43

Semi-Medium (2-4 ha) 10.11 11.13

Medium (4-10 ha) 7.99 14.00

Large (More than 10 ha) 5.07 11.80

All Classes 12.83 8.14 Source: Agriculture Census Division, 2010-11

Table No. 19 Farm Implements in Amravati District, 2009-10

Name of the Farm Numbers No. of implements per 100 ha Implements Gross Cropped Area

Pumpsets 40835 4.15

Tractors 7077 0.72 Source: Department of Agriculture and Cooperation

Table No. 20 Consumption of Chemical Fertilizers in Amravati District, 2012-13

Sl. No Fertilizer Quantity Consumption per Hect (in kg) (in Tonnes) 1 Nitrogen (N) 37984 38.60

2 Phosphate (P2O5) 25241 25.65

3 Potash (K2O) 8855 9.00 Total 72080 73.25 Source: Fertilizer Association of India, 2013

Soil Type

“The soils of Amravati district have been developed on the hilly and undulating topography. The soils, therefore, show a wide variation in their depth. The soils on the hills and slopes have shallow to medium depth while in the low-lying areas and river valleys, deep soils are formed due to the accumulation and deposition of the soils from uplands. Thus three main soil types are obtained, viz. (1) Shallow soils which are dark brown in colour, clayey in texture and blocky in structure. Their PH Value is 8.3 and they contain 0.3 per cent total soluble salts. (2) Medium deep soils - The surface layer of these medium deep soils is dark brown or greyish black. They possess clayey texture and blocky structure. The PH value of the soil profiles varies from 8.4 to 8.6 with total soluble salts from 0.4 to 0.5 per cent; and (3) Deep soils – they are mainly found in in the river valleys of Purna and Wardha. The PH value of soils in this group varies between 8.2 and 8.6 per cent with total soluble salts from 0.3 to 0.7 per cent” (The Gazetteers Department, 2014).

Section III: Amenities related details

Table No. 21 Households with Basic Amenities in Amravati district (Rural), 2011 Amenities All Scheduled Scheduled Households Caste Tribe Households Households Percentage of Households with access 55.57 21.48 to Drinking Water 39.83 Within Premises Percentage of

Households with 80.4 42.86 71.13 Electricity Percentage of 53.66 14.23 Households with Toilets 28.83 Source: Census of India, 2011

Table No. 22 Households by Type of Dwellings in Amravati district (Rural), 2011 Housing Condition All Households Scheduled Scheduled Caste Tribe Households Households

Table No. 23 Percentage Distribution of Households with Sources of Cooking Fuel in Amravati district (Rural), 2011 Sources of Cooking All Households Scheduled Caste Scheduled Tribe Fuel Households Households

Firewood/Crop residue/ Cow dung cake/Coal, Lignite, 87.98 93.83 96.65 Charcoal LPG/PNG 10.94 5.33 2.73

Kerosene 0.37 0.29 0.12

Electricity 0.05 0.05 0.05

Biogas 0.15 0.07 0.05

Any other 0.17 0.16 0.20 Sources: Census of India, 2011

Section IV: Health Related Information

• The District has one district hospital, one women hospital, four Sub-District hospitals, nine rural hospitals, 56 primary health centres, 333 sub-centres (NRHM, 2011-12)

• Total number of anganwadis in the district is 2616 pertaining to the year 2011-12 (Maharashtra State Data Bank, 2014)

• According to District Level Household and Facility Survey 3 (2007-08), 65.9% of households have safe delivery (i.e., institutional delivery plus home delivery assisted by skilled person) Section V: BPL related information

• Total BPL households of the district is ...... (to be filled)

References

Agriculture Census Division. Ministry of Agriculture, Govt. of India. Accessed through http://agcensus.dacnet.nic.in on 25th September, 2014.

Census of India, Primary Census Abstract 1971, Registrar General & Census Commissioner, India, Ministry of Home Affairs, New Delhi. ____Primary Census Abstract 1981, Registrar General & Census Commissioner, India, Ministry of Home Affairs, New Delhi. ____ Primary Census Abstract 1991, Registrar General & Census Commissioner, India, Ministry of Home Affairs, New Delhi. ____Primary Census Abstract 2001, Registrar General & Census Commissioner, India, Ministry of Home Affairs, New Delhi, accessed through http://www.censusindia.gov.in/(S(t3w2p155poinn045profx3v0))/DigitalLibrary/MF TableSeries.aspx ____Primary Census Abstract 2011, Registrar General & Census Commissioner, India, Ministry of Home Affairs, New Delhi, accessed through http://www.censusindia.gov.in/(S(cppse5vrfrtnsznb0pq1p555))/pca/default.aspx

____ Households Classified by Sources and Location of Drinking Water and Availability of Electricity and Latrine 2011, accessed through http://www.censusindia.gov.in/(S(1macbjfqcl4awp55hgxf1n55))/DigitalLibrary/MF TableSeries.aspx

____Availability of Separate Kitchen and Fuel used for Cooking 2011, accessed through http://www.censusindia.gov.in/(S(1macbjfqcl4awp55hgxf1n55))/DigitalLibrary/MF TableSeries.aspx Central Ground Water Board. 2007. Ground Water Information, Amravati District, Maharashtra. Ministry of Water Resources, Government of India. Available at http://cgwb.gov.in/District_Profile/Maharashtra/Amravati.pdf

Department of Agriculture & Cooperation, Ministry of Agriculture, Govt of India, http://agricoop.nic.in/Agriculture%20Contingency%20Plan/Maharastra/MH21%20- %20Amravati.pdf, accessed on 28th October, 2014

Department of Agriculture, Government of Maharashtra, www.mahaagri.gov.in, accessed on 25th October, 2014

Directorate of Economics and Statistics, Department of Agriculture & Cooperation, Ministry of Agriculture, Government of India. http://eands.dacnet.nic.in/LUS_1999_2004.htm accessed on 25th September, 2014.

District Collector Office. Amravati District: At a Glance. Government of Maharashtra. Accessed through http://amravati.nic.in/welcomeamravati2.htm on 23rd October, 2014. Economic and Political Weekly Research Foundation. 2004. District-wise Agricultural Data Base for Maharashtra: 1960-61 to 1997-98. Sameeksha Trust. September. Mumbai.

Fertilizer Association of India (2013): Fertiliser Statistics – 2012-13, FAI House, 10, Shaheed Jit Singh Marg, New Delhi.

India Water Portal. District-wise monthly rainfall data. Accessed through http://www.indiawaterportal.org/articles/district-wise-monthly-rainfall-data-list- raingauge-stations-india-meteorological-department, on 25th September, 2014.

International Institute for Population Sciences and Govt. of India.2010.District Level Household and Facility Survey 2007-08. Ministry of Health & Family Welfare. Mumbai & New Delhi).

Maharashtra State Data Bank. Amravati: District Reports. Government of Maharashtra, accessed through https://data.maharashtra.gov.in/getPlanningReport.do?mode=D on 14th November, 2014.

National Rural Health Mission. Programme Implementation Plan 2011‐12; Amravati District. Accessed through http://amravati.nic.in/docs/nrhm_pip%20.pdf, on 14th November.

The Gazetteers Department. Amravati District. Government of Maharashtra available at https://cultural.maharashtra.gov.in/english/gazetteer/AMRAVATI/agri_soils.html, accessed on 3rd November, 2014

MSSRF Interventions

Information Education and Communication (IEC)

The activities were started in Amravati in the year 2008 by starting a Village Resource Centre (VRC) at Amravati town and three VKCs at Jasapur, papal, Naywathoda villages. Plant clinics, where farmers can consult with plant doctors (trained staff), are functioning in Papal and Jawapur villages since 2012.

The main IEC interventions in Amravati district have been in the form of dissemination of information through audio and video conferences, phone-in programmes, messages through helpline, text and voice SMS through mobile phones, training and awareness programmes, exposure visits, community newspapers and organizing health camps. Broad areas of interventions are as follows:

• Dissemination of information related to Agriculture, Animal Husbandry, Education, Health as well as Government Schemes. • Capacity building programmes: a. Career Guidance programme for school students at district level. b. Linkages services for the community with the other services providers and other department were where necessary. c. Providing need assessment meetings to assess what are the needs of the villages.