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Digital Television Engineering Introduction to Course 2EC411 Digital Television Engineering Dr Usha Mehta Syllabus Calendar Lesson Plan Textbooks: Modern Television Practice by R. R. Gulati, New Age International Pub. Digital Television by Herve Benoit, Third Edition, Elsevier Composite Satellite and Cable Television by R. R. Gulati, New Age International Pub. 19-08-2014 2 Course Learning Outcomes This course is being offered as a complete application/case study for involving mostly all concepts related to electronics and communication engineering. Upon completion of this course, students will be able to: Understand the concept of real signals like audio and video, color signal and its effective conversion into electrical signal Correlate the concept of preparation and processing of signal required before transmission like amplification, modulation etc. studied in earlier semesters with real life application. Understand the concept of transmission and receiver and able to prepare block level transmitter/receiver for given application. Analyze various digitization methods/standards and their effectiveness. Select the necessary digitization standards for given application Understand the concept of JPEG, MPEG, HDTV, TV over IP etc. 19-08 -2014 3 Self Learning Sr. Topics No. 1 Recent Developments in Digital Television Pl. refer: esaki.ee.boun.edu.tr/~morgul/Recent%20TV.pdf 2 Advances in TV/computer motion monitoring Pl. refer: http://ieeexplore.ieee.org/xpl/login.jsp?tp=&arnumber=96082&url=htt p%3A%2F%2Fieeexplore.ieee.org%2Fxpls%2Fabs_all.jsp%3Farnum ber%3D96082 3 Pl. learn following topics from net and go through it in detail Video-On-Demand Picture-In-Picture Technology Mirror TV 19-08-2014 4 Assessment Methods Course TERM ASSIGNMENT (TA) LPW Subject Subject Course Faculty L T P C Code Name Coordinato Involved rs Assig No. of Term nmen 2 class Practica Conti. End ts Tests Special Assignment * l Asset Exam Type of Assignme No. WT nt WT WT WT 2EC41 Digital Dr. Usha Prof. 3 0 2 4 1 television Mehta Hardik Joshi Term NA 0.6 Paper 0.4 11 0.75 0.25 19-08-2014 5 Special Assignment Term Paper Topics 3D Television Pay-Per-View Ambilight Personal Video Recorder Broadcast Flag Pixelplus: Digital Filter Image CableCARD processing technology Digital Light Processing Picture-In-Picture Digital Right Managements Plasma Display Digital Video Recorder Remote Control Direct Broadcast Satellite Surface Conduction Electron Emitter Display DVD and HD-DVD Video On Demand Blue Ray Disc Ultra High Definition TV Flat Panel Display Sling Box High Definition Multimedia Interface Time Shifting IP TV Web TV Laser TV Display Technology Evaluation in Display Technology LCD Display History of television Morror TV Audiography OLED TV Audio Restoration P2P TV History of Sound Recording 19-08-2014 6 Audio Engineering Introduction to Television Dr Usha Mehta Acknowledgement This presentation has been summarized from various books, papers, websites and presentations on Television Engineering all over the world. I couldn’t remember where these large pull of hints and work come from. However, I’d like to thank all professors and scientists who created such a good work on this emerging field. Without those efforts in this very emerging technology, these notes and slides can’t be finished 19-08-2014 8 What is Television? Tele: Distance, a Greek prefix Telegraph, telephone, teletex, telescope, telecast, telecommunication…… Vision: to see, Latin word From early days, mankind has a desire to see the things of far away… In Mahabharat, Dhutrashtra…. In real world, motion picture and then came television 19-08-2014 9 What is Television… It contains….. Images - Black and White Shades of Grey Colour - Hue & Saturation Sound - Audio Information Data - Teletext & Other Data Synchronisation - Specifies the Timing Transport System - Gets all above items to your TV 19-08-2014 10 Let’s build our own TV Transmission- Receiver System 19-08-2014 11 19-08-2014 12 Was it happened in History the same way you think? 19-08-2014 13 History - Ferdinand Braun - CRT 1890 Ferdinand Braun developed the Cathode Ray Tube. 1897 developed the Cathode Ray Oscillograph, the precursor to the radar screen and the television tube 1907 First use of cathode ray tube to produce the rudiments of television images. He shared the Nobel Prize for physics in 1909 with Guglielmo Marconi for his contributions to the development of wireless telegraphy 19-08-2014 14 John Logie Baird - Basic TV Oct 1923 John Logie Baird was the first person anywhere in the world to demonstrate true television in the form of recognisable images, instantaneous movement and correct gradations in light and shade. Scanning was done mechanically with a Nipkow disc. The first 30 line picture transmitted was a Maltese cross. 1927 he also demonstrated video recording 1928 transatlantic television 1937 the broadcast of high definition colour pictures 1941 stereoscopic television in colour 1944 the multi-gun colour television tube, the forerunner of the type used in most homes today 19-08-2014 15 Early Mechanical Approach to TV Mechanical Nipkow discs were used to scan the image and reconstitute the image at the receiver. PE cells were used to capture the image. The problem was synchronising the disks 19-08-2014 16 30 Line Mechanical TV 19-08-2014 17 Electronic Television - Farnsworth In 1922 at Age 14 Philo Farnsworth had the idea of how to make Electronic Television possible. Sept. 7, 1927, Farnsworth painted a square of glass black and scratched a straight line on the centre. The slide was dropped between the Image Dissector (the camera tube that Farnsworth had invented earlier that year) and a hot, bright, carbon arc lamp. On the receiver they saw the straight- line image and then, as the slide was turned 90 degrees, they saw it move. This was the first all-electronic television picture ever transmitted. 19-08-2014 18 Vladimir Zworykin - Iconoscope In 1923 Vladimir Zworykin of RCA made a patent application for a camera device, and by 1933 had developed a camera tube he called an Iconoscope. Although Zworykin submitted his patent application first after many years of legal battle Farnsworth was acknowledged as the inventor of electronic television. By the end of 1923 he had also produced a picture display tube, the "Kinescope“ 19-08-2014 19 Significant Television Inventions These inventions were the underlying basis of the development of Television as we know it today 19-08 -2014 20 Evolution 1857: Isolation of selenium by Bergelius 1873: Discovery of light sensitive property of Selenium 1884:Nipko’s Disk 1908: All Electronic TV system by A.A. Campbell 1923: Iconoscope by V. Zworykin 1926:TV transmission for members of Royal Institution 1928: Color Transmission 1930: Similar idea by Fransworth After years of patent battles, Fransworth won but RCA (Radio Corporation of America) bought ideas from both 1936: Britain strarted TV Program 1939: USA 1959:India 1982:Color TV in India 19-08-2014 21 Picture Transmission Picture info is optical and broken in “Pixels” Ideally infinite pixels Simultaneous pick-up of info is not possible so scanning With scanning, the problem of “Image Storage” Energy conversion from optical to electrical form by camera using scanning process Photoelectric Effects Photoemission Photo conductivity 19-08-2014 22 Photoemission Light is in the forms of bundles of energy called photons When these photons of light are bomarded on certain metals, the electrons are dislodged from the surface Caesium Silver, Bismuth, Lithium etc Photons are proportion to intensity of light Iconoscope, Image Orthicone etc use this principal 19-08-2014 23 Photoconductivity The resistance of semiconductor material is proportional to light incidenting on it. Selenium, Antimony Trisulphide, Lead oxide etc. Vidicon, Plumbicon etc. use this effect 19-08-2014 24 Charge Coupled Device A charge-coupled device (CCD) is a light- sensitive integrated circuit that stores and displays the data for an image in such a way that each pixel (picture element) in the image is converted into an electical charge, the intensity of which is related to a color in the color spectrum. CCDs are now commonly included in digital still and video cameras. 19-08-2014 25 In the absence of an external electric field the photo generated hole and electron will quickly re-combine and be lost. In a CCD an electric field is introduced to sweep these charge carriers apart and prevent recombination. 19-08-2014 26 19-08-2014 27 Four Primary Functions Charge Generation Collection & storage Charge transfer Charge measurements 19-08-2014 28 19-08-2014 29 19-08-2014 30 19-08-2014 31 CMOS Sensor/Active Pixel Sensor photodiode 19-08-2014 32 CCD CMOS High quality Because of large Low noise images number of transistors, some of photons lost More matured devices because of mass and light sensitivity is production low Lower quality, resolution, sensitivity Lower cost and longer battery life 19-08-2014 33 Vidicon Camera Tube 19-08-2014 34 Colour Camera Partially silvered 19-08-2014 35 Basic Monochrome Television Transmitter 19-08-2014 36 Basic Monochrome Television Receiver 19-08-2014 37 Elements of Picture Tube 19-08-2014 38 Elements of Color Picture Tube 19-08-2014 39 Display Technologies Cathode Ray Tube (CRT) Vacuum Florescent Display (VFD) Field Emission Display (FED) Flat Panel Display Light Crystal Display (LCD) Plasma Display Panel (PDP) Rear projection/ front projection Digital Light
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