D36.3 Technical Report #3 on 3D Display Techniques and Potential Applications
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D36.3 Technical Report #3 on 3D Display Techniques and Potential Applications Project Number: 511568 Project Acronym: 3DTV Title: Integrated Three-Dimensional Television – Capture, Transmission and Display Deliverable Nature: R Number: D36.3 Contractual Date of Delivery: M45 Actual Date of Delivery: M47 Report Date: 30 July 2008 Task: WP12 Dissemination level: CO Start Date of Project: 01 September 2004 Duration: 48 months Organisation name of lead contractor for this deliverable: UNIABDN Name of responsible: John Watson ([email protected]) Editor: J. Watson ([email protected]) 30 July 2008 FINAL 3DTV Display Technologies and Potential Applications TC5 Technical Report 3 EDITOR John Watson Contributing Partners to Technical Report: Bilkent University (Bilkent) Bremer Institut fuer angewandte Strahltechnik GmbH (BIAS) Central Laboratory of Optical Storage and Processing of Information, Bulgarian Academy of Sciences (CLOSPI-BAS) De Montfort University (DMU) Fraunhofer Gesellschaft zur Förderung der angewandten Forschung e.V. (FhG-HHI) FogScreen Inc. (FogS) Institute of Media Technology, Technische Universitaet Ilmenau (UIL) Tampere University of Technology (TUT) Informatics and Telematics Institute, Centre for Research and Technology Hellas (ITI- CERTH) Koç University (KU) Middle East Technical University (METU) Momentum Bilgisayar Yazılım Danışmanlık Ticaret A.Ş. (Momentum) Max-Planck-Institut fuer Informatik (MPG) University of Aberdeen (UNIABDN) REVIEWER Tarık Reyhan (Bilkent) Project Number: 511568 Project Acronym: 3DTV Title: Integrated Three-Dimensional Television – Capture, Transmission and Display 3DTV-WP12-TR3 Project No.: 511568 TABLE OF CONTENTS Executive Summary ......................................................................................................1 WP12 Priority Tasks and Publications..................................................................3 Achievements of WP12............................................................................................3 WP12 Integration.....................................................................................................5 Requirements for a 3D Display...............................................................................5 SWOT Analysis for 3D Displays and Applications...............................................6 Summary...................................................................................................................7 1 Introduction.........................................................................................................11 2 Overview of Work Accomplished: Task Summaries..........................................13 2.1 RoadMaps (Tasks 1, 2, 3 and 19)..............................................................14 Task 1: Roadmaps for Holography and Underlying Technologies .....................15 Task 2: Roadmap for Autostereo .........................................................................22 Task 3: A Roadmap for Applications ..................................................................30 Task 19: A RoadMap for Education ....................................................................41 2.2 Holography and Autostereo (Tasks 4, 5, 6, 7, 9 and 13).........................43 Task 4: Compact RGB lasers or LEDs ................................................................44 Task 5: Future SLM Developments.....................................................................48 Task 6: VLSI Technology....................................................................................54 Task 7: New SLM Materials................................................................................57 Task 9: Hardware & Software for Head-tracking................................................63 Task 13: Underlying Micro-optical and MEMS Technologies ...........................67 2.3 Human Factors (Tasks 8 and 10)..............................................................74 Tasks 8 & 10: Human Factors .............................................................................75 2.4 Applications (Tasks 11, 12, 13, 14, 15, 16, 17) .........................................85 Task 11: Football-related Applications................................................................86 Task 12: Air Traffic Control Applications (of 3DTV) ........................................89 Task 14: Motion Capture Using Standard Video Cameras..................................93 Task 15: Cultural Heritage...................................................................................97 Task 16: Wildfire Simulation on 3D-GIS Environment....................................101 Task 17: Applications in the mobile domain .....................................................106 2.5 Market Survey..........................................................................................113 Task 18: Consumer Market Survey ...................................................................114 3 Papers and Summaries. ....................................................................................115 3.1 General......................................................................................................115 3.2 Holography ...............................................................................................115 3.3 Autostereo.................................................................................................118 3.4 Applications..............................................................................................120 3.4.1 Cultural Heritage....................................................................................120 Confidential i 30/07/2008 3DTV-WP12-TR3 Project No.: 511568 3.4.2 Fire Propagation Simulation and Modelling..........................................121 3.4.3 2D-Immaterial Displays.........................................................................122 3.4.4 Holography in Life Sciences..................................................................124 4 Conclusions .......................................................................................................129 5 ANNEX (References for 3DTV Partners)........................................................130 Confidential ii 30/07/2008 3DTV-WP12-TR3 Project No.: 511568 Executive Summary Author: John Watson In the four years since the initiation of our Network of Excellence in 3DTV, worldwide activity in 3D displays, vision and associated applications has increased dramatically. The prospect of 3DTV in the home and the associated development of a host of related commercial and industrial applications have grown ever closer. New implementations of displays have appeared, new techniques have been pioneered and a wide range of applications has been generated to exploit this technology. However, it is still true to say that no particular technique or technology has yet stamped its dominance on the market place; autostereo methods still vie with the embryo holographic techniques for a market share. Although several displays carry the “holography” name, none of them is a true implementation of 3D as envisaged by this NoE. It is still the case that in the short to medium term, displays based on stereoscopy (with glasses) and auto-stereoscopy are still likely to dominate for several years to come. A true interactive, full colour holographic TV in the home or workplace is still a long way away. At the recent 3DTV Conference in Istanbul (May 2008) [1], it was significant that many of the “big-players” in display technology discussed their plans for displays based upon stereo and autostereo; holography was conspicuous by its absence! This does not mean, however, that there is no worldwide activity in holography. Far from it; if anything, work on holography is gathering pace especially for niche applications. It is tempting to ask, though, whether a totally holographic display will ever happen, or are we most likely to see a seamless merging of stereo into autostereo and into multiview stereo and into a hybrid holo-autostereo display. This (undefined) “near-holographic” display would combine the best features of both, and this may well be enough for many applications of 3D. We (in WP12) have long held the belief that the display is the key element in any move towards public, commercial and industrial acceptance of 3D vision, and this view has not changed. The applications that are beginning to appear are dependent on the performance and cost of the available display technology. A display, which suits one application, may not suit another. For instance, a fully interactive holographic display may be ideal for medical applications but over-specified for watching a 3D movie. Factors affecting human acceptance or perception of 3D are crucial to approval by the public: a TV in the corner of a room presenting virtual image maybe acceptable to some whereas others may want full real-image projection. The debate surrounding the need or acceptance of visual aids (such as glasses or head-mounted tracking devices) is far from settled. It may be instructive here to reproduce a diagram (Figure ES-1) from a previous report [WP12-TR2], which serves to remind us of some of the main display types available today or in development. The main contenders today for a 3D display are holographic, volumetric, autostereo, and head-mounted technologies (HMD) which utilise vision aids. As was pointed out earlier, many of the current developments of 3D favour stereo with head mounted vision aids. It is likely that the ultimate display