Winners & Losers 2009
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THE MAGAZINE OF TECHNOLOGY INSIDERS 1.09 SPECIAL REPORT Iraq Veteran Jonathan Kuniholm WINNERS Is Helping Engineer The Prosthetic Arm & LOSERS Of The Future 2009 THE YEAR’S BEST AND WORST TECHNOLOGY volume 46 number 1 north american 01.09 UPDATE 11 THE TROUBLE WITH TOUCH SCREENS We’re running out of the conductor that makes touch screens work. By Prachi Patel-Predd 12 THE END OF LCD BLUR 13 WIND-FARM MAKEOVER 14 CRYPTOGRAPHY VS. QUANTUM COMPUTERS 44 16 ULTRASONIC BRAIN STIMULATION 18 TSUNAMI ALERT SYSTEM STARTS UP 20 THE BIG PICTURE Carbon nanotubes in full bloom. OPINION 9 SPECTRAL LINES 39 49 IEEE Spectrum begins to look for ways TWO WINNERS to lessen its eco impact. AND ONE LOSER: WINNERS & By Susan Hassler Steam from 10 FORUM underground may Readers offer their suggestions for slake Australia’s LOSERS VI fixing U.S. weapons acquisitions. thirst for energy SPECIAL REPORT We judge projects so near to commercialization [above]; DARPA’s 22 REFLECTIONS that we could be proved wrong in real time. But that’s a risk you have prosthetic arm Do your friends want to know when to run if you want to grow a backbone. By Philip E. Ross promises to make 31 you wake up? Twitter thinks they do. the world a better By Robert W. Lucky place [top right]. 32 WINNER Semiconductors will open a lot of eyes, but probably And the car? Well, Intel’s Larrabee chip architecture not a lot of wallets. By Steven Cherry it’s a good car— brings “many core” to the masses. DEPARTMENTS for a boat. By Brian Santo & Sally Adee 51 WINNER Telecom 4 BACK STORY Quantum-dot lasers from Japan’s Spectrum takes a dive—finally. COVER: 36 LOSER Power & Energy QD Laser will make optical networks MIKE McGREGOR BlackLight Power promises to unleash simpler, cheaper, and more power- 6 CONTRIBUTORS THIS PAGE, CLOCKWISE energy from a new form of hydrogen— efficient. By Jean Kumagai FROM LEFT: GEODYNAMICS; MIKE McGREGOR; GIBBS but first it needs to overturn quantum 23 CAREERS TECHNOLOGIES mechanics. By Erico Guizzo 55 LOSER Automation New software watches you while you A strawberry-picking robot from Japan work. By Prachi Patel-Predd 39 WINNER Electricity won’t be displacing farmworkers HANDS ON An Australian company has found a anytime soon. By Tekla S. Perry way to create subterranean reservoirs 24 An open-source project points the of water and use them to extract way toward self-replicating machines. 56 You Tell Us geothermal energy. By Sandra Upson By Paul Wallich Winners or losers? We leave it up to you to give these six items the thumbs-up 26 Software for your cellphone 42 LOSER Interfaces or thumbs-down. By Willie D. Jones solves complex polynomials. It’d be great if your brain waves could By Kenneth R. Foster control fast video-game action—but 58 WINNER they can’t. By Douglas Heingartner Remote Sensing TOOLS & TOYS Imaging with radar used to require 28 A breakthrough in scuba racks of electronics. ImSAR’s new unit 44 WINNER Robotics/ equipment helps hobbyists make fits in your hand. By David Schneider Neurointegration long dives safely. By Karl Shreeves DARPA’s project to push prosthetic 29 A virtual 62-inch big screen doesn’t arms into the 21st century is changing 63 LOSER Automotive live up to its promise. By Harry Teasley the world. By Sally Adee E-Fuel Corp.’s home ethanol refinery is a neat machine—but it may not 84 THE DATA be good for the environment or your 49 LOSER Automotive Odds are your next computer will be a pocketbook. By Erico Guizzo A US $85 000 amphibious sports car notebook. By Steven Cherry WWW.SPECTRUM.IEEE.ORG JANUARY 2009 • IEEE SPECTRUM • NA 1 volume 46 number 1 north american 01.09 WWW.IEEE.ORG/ THEINSTITUTE AVAILABLE 8 JANUARY ON THE INSTITUTE ONLINE INTRODUCING THE IEEE CONTACT CENTER To provide better service, IEEE has merged its member and customer- service departments into the IEEE Contact Center. Find out what improvements you can expect to see. THREE NEW FEATURES FOR IEEE XPLORE IEEE Xplore has added commonly requested features that help researchers identify the publications from which they download papers, and it’s added new index terms to TOP: RICHARD KOLKER/ make it easier to find biomedical GETTY IMAGES; BOTTOM: MARTIN TAKIGAWA/ SPECTRUM.IEEE.ORG information. Get details about how GETTY IMAGES AVAILABLE ONLINE 1 JANUARY these new features work. SPECIAL REPORT: THE DAY ANALOG TV DIES IEEE HUMANITARIAN The National Television Systems Committee’s (NTSC) analog television standard has ruled the U.S. airways since 1941, enabling viewers to WORKSHOP tune in to free over-the-air television whether their TVs were built this Read highlights from the IEEE Humanitarian Workshop, which year or inherited from a grandparent. But on 17 February 2009, NTSC taught students and young broadcasts will end, replaced by the ATSC digital TV standard. For two professionals how to apply their skills decades IEEE Spectrum has been following the development of ATSC, to aid humanitarian work. the technology behind it, and its rollout. Now we’re tracking this final transition to an all-digital broadcast world, a transition that might not go as smoothly as Congress, the FCC, the broadcasters, the consumer- electronics manufacturers, or the average viewer might hope. 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WWW.SPECTRUM.IEEE.ORG JANUARY 2009 • IEEE SPECTRUM • NA 3 back story EDITORIAL EDITOR IN CHIEF Susan Hassler, [email protected] Rebreathers are the state of the EXECUTIVE EDITOR Glenn Zorpette, [email protected] art in scuba gear. They use micro- MANAGING EDITOR Elizabeth A. Bretz, [email protected] electronics and other technologies SENIOR EDITORS Harry Goldstein (Online), [email protected]; to scrub a diver’s exhalations of Jean Kumagai, [email protected]; Samuel K. Moore (News), [email protected]; Tekla S. Perry, [email protected]; Philip E. carbon dioxide while capturing Ross, [email protected]; David Schneider, [email protected]; and reusing the oxygen, mixing it William Sweet, [email protected] with precisely the right amount of SENIOR ASSOCIATE EDITOR Steven Cherry (Resources), nitrogen or other diluent gases. [email protected] Shreeves and Poseidon finally ASSOCIATE EDITORS Sally Adee, [email protected]; Erico Guizzo, got together in October at a trade [email protected]; Joshua J. Romero (Online), [email protected]; Sandra Upson, [email protected] show in Las Vegas—barely. ASSISTANT EDITOR Willie D. Jones, [email protected] Poseidon had given Shreeves’s SENIOR COPY EDITOR Joseph N. Levine, [email protected] number to Bill Stone, the American COPY EDITOR Michele Kogon, [email protected] engineer and explorer who EDITORIAL RESEARCHER Alan Gardner, [email protected] originally developed the Discovery EXECUTIVE PRODUCER, SPECTRUM RADIO Sharon Basco and was coordinating the October ASSISTANT PRODUCER, SPECTRUM RADIO Francesco Ferorelli, test dive. But the day before the dive, [email protected] Stone lost Shreeves’s number before ADMINISTRATIVE ASSISTANTS Ramona Gordon, [email protected]; Breathe Deeply getting a chance to tell him where Nancy T. Hantman, [email protected] and when the dive would take place. INTERN Monica Heger, [email protected] CONTRIBUTING EDITORS John Blau, Robert N. Charette, ebreathers, an advanced Fortunately, no one nowadays Peter Fairley, Alexander Hellemans, David Kushner, kind of scuba-diving gear, let can stay missing for long. Stone Robert W. Lucky, Paul McFedries, Kieron B. Murphy, R divers stay underwater for logged into the social network site Carl Selinger, Seema Singh, John Voelcker hours, silently, like the “fish men” LinkedIn, found Shreeves’s page, ART & PRODUCTION that Jacques Cousteau envisioned at found Shreeves’s wife’s page, and SENIOR ART DIRECTOR Mark Montgomery the dawn of the age of underwater contacted her. “I don’t know what ASSISTANT ART DIRECTOR Brandon Palacio exploration. So we jumped at the he would have done a few years PHOTO EDITOR Randi Silberman chance to review an innovative new ago,” Shreeves says.