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Appointing the UN Secretary-General
Updated October 13, 2016 United Nations Issues: Appointing the U.N. Secretary-General The second five-year term of United Nations (U.N.) for consideration. The Council’s deliberations generally Secretary-General (SG) Ban Ki-moon ends on December occur in private meetings, with decisions taken by secret 31, 2016. For the past several months, the U.N. Security ballot by an affirmative vote from at least seven Council Council and General Assembly have considered candidates members, including the five permanent members (P-5). to serve as the ninth SG. On October 6, the Council When a decision is made, the Council adopts a resolution recommended António Guterres of Portugal, and the recommending a candidate; generally, the resolution is Assembly appointed him on October 13. Guterres served as considered during a private Council meeting. the Prime Minister of Portugal from 1995 to 2002 and as the U.N. High Commissioner for Refugees from 2005 to In years when there have been multiple candidates, the 2015. His term will begin on January 1, 2017. Council has developed the practice of conducting informal straw polls to indicate member states’ initial level of The United States maintains a significant interest in the SG support for individuals. (In the current process, Guterres appointment process, with the hope that the perspectives won all six straw polls held by the Council.) In years when and policies of the new SG align with U.S. foreign policy there has been one candidate (for example, when an SG is and national security priorities. As one of five permanent being considered for a second term), the Council generally members of the Council with veto power, it has adopts a resolution without prior polling, usually by considerable influence in the selection of the SG. -
Trygve
Trygve Lie speal<s As Secretary-General of the United Nations, Trygve Lie is in a strategic position. Respons ible to all member governments and their people rather than to any nation, he is the top ranking international civil servant. He has used this pivotal post intelligently, im partially, courageously, and creatively. He has been criticized from all quarters, but has never theless gained the respect and confidence of nearly all of the men and women closely as sociated with the U. N. Trygve Lie was born on July 16, 1896 in Oslo, Norway. At 15 he was secretary of the local health insurance company; at 16 presi dent of a branch of the La:bor Party. Never theless he found time to complete his law degree at Oslo University and to ski, skate, wrestle, and play tennis. In 1919 he became assistant to the secretary of the Norwegian Labor Party, then legal adviser to the Trade Union Federation (1922-35), and executive sec retary of the Labor Party (1926). When labor came into power in 1935, he became Minister of Justice. At the time of the German Oc cupation, he was Minister of Trade, Industry, Shipping, and Fishing. Escaping to London with other cabinet members, he became Foreign Minister in 1941. At the United Nations conference in San Francisco in 1945 he was ·chairman of the Norwegian delegation. On February 1, 1946 he was elected Secretary General of the U. N. and in 1951 his term was extended for three years. As a champion of One World he speaks to the two billion and more inhabitants of the earth: Copyright, 1952 Leonord S. -
UNICEF DRC Evaluation Report 2007-2011 Programme for The
ICC-01/04-01/06-3344-Anx23-tENG 12-12-2017 1/88 EK T UNICEF DRC Evaluation Report 2007-2011 Programme for the Reintegration of Children Associated with Armed Forces and Armed Groups in the DRC Sylvie Bodineau May-June 2011 Official Court Translation ICC-01/04-01/06-3344-Anx23-tENG 12-12-2017 2/88 EK T Abbreviations .......................................................................................................................................... 1 Executive Summary ................................................................................................................................. 3 Introduction ............................................................................................................................................ 6 Methodology ....................................................................................................................................... 6 1- What has been done................................................................................................................ 10 1.1 Different types of intervention depending on the geopolitical context, the CPAs present and the availability of funding.................................................................................................................. 10 1.2 UNICEF’s role............................................................................................................................ 14 1.3 Situation in June 2011............................................................................................................. -
POC in the Contet of Peace Operations: Translating UN Policies Into
Protection of civilians in the context of Peace Operations: Translating UN policies into national frameworks Tuesday, November 12, 2019 12:30pm – 4:30pm Trygve Lie Center for Peace, Security and Development International Peace Institute, 12th floor 777 United Nations Plaza (corner of 44th Street and 1st Avenue), New York NY The International Peace Institute (IPI), the Institute of Security and Global Affairs of the University of Leiden (ISGA), the Institute for Security Policy at Kiel University (ISPK), the Global Governance Institute (GGI), and the Federal Ministry of Defense of Germany are pleased to invite you to a workshop titled “Protection of civilians in the context of Peace Operations: Translating UN policies into national frameworks”. The event is part of an international study project on behalf of the German Federal Ministry of Defence that aims at developing a more pronounced national stance on the concept of protection of civilians (POC) and searches for ways to improve Germany’s “POC preparedness” with respect to military, police, and civilian capacities. The workshop will provide an opportunity to explore the recent policy developments pertaining to POC in the context of UN peace operations, discuss persisting issues and challenges related to the implementation of POC mandates, and map best practices, political commitments and institutional initiatives that aim to renovate and invigorate POC at the international, regional and national levels. In particular, it will identify existing UN, regional and national policy frameworks pertaining to POC, in order to inform the development of national POC strategies, with an aim to foster further cooperation and partnerships in this area. -
U.N. Peacekeeping Operations in Africa
U.N. Peacekeeping Operations in Africa September 23, 2019 Congressional Research Service https://crsreports.congress.gov R45930 SUMMARY R45930 U.N. Peacekeeping Operations in Africa September 23, 2019 Many Members of Congress have demonstrated an interest in the mandates, effectiveness, and funding status of United Nations (U.N.) peacekeeping operations in Africa as an integral Luisa Blanchfield component of U.S. policy toward Africa and a key tool for fostering greater stability and security Specialist in International on the continent. As of September 2019, there are seven U.N. peacekeeping operations in Africa: Relations the U.N. Multidimensional Integrated Stabilization Mission in the Central African Alexis Arieff Republic (MINUSCA), Specialist in African Affairs the U.N. Multidimensional Integrated Stabilization Mission in Mali (MINUSMA), the U.N. Interim Security Force for Abyei (UNISFA), Lauren Ploch Blanchard Specialist in African Affairs the U.N. Mission in South Sudan (UNMISS), the U.N. Organization Stabilization Mission in the Democratic Republic of the Congo (MONUSCO), the African Union-United Nations Mission in Darfur (UNAMID), and the U.N. Mission for the Organization of a Referendum in Western Sahara (MINURSO). The United States, as a permanent member of the U.N. Security Council, plays a key role in establishing, renewing, and funding U.N. peacekeeping operations, including those in Africa. For 2019, the U.N. General Assembly assessed the U.S. share of U.N. peacekeeping operation budgets at 27.89%; since the mid-1990s Congress has capped the U.S. payment at 25% due to concerns that the current assessment is too high. During the Trump Administration, the United States generally has voted in the Security Council for the renewal and funding of existing U.N. -
Nations Unies
UNITED NATIONS NATIONS UNIES WORLD HEALTH ORGANISATION MONDIALE ORGANIZATION DE LA SANTÉ ЕВЗ/26 7 January 1949 ORIGINAL: ENGLISH EXECUTIVE BOARD Third Session ASSISTANCE TO THE UNITED NATIONS IN RELIEF FOR PALESTINE REFUGEES Pursuant to the decisions taken by the Executive Board at its second session,1 the Director-General presents his report on assistance to the United Nations for relief to Palestine refugees # 1 Relations with the United Nations 1.1 The decision of the Executive Board on this matter was conmuni- cated to the Secretary-General by cable and letter, on 30 October 1948, the day the resolution was adopted. 1.2 On 22 November the General Assembly adopted a resolution on 2 Assistance to Palestine Refugees which contained the following clauses: "The General Assembly "Requests the Secretary-General to take all necessary steps to extend aid to Palestine refugees and to establish such administrative organization as may be required for this purpose, inviting the assistance of the appropriate agencies of the several Governments^ the specialized agencies of the United Nations� the United Mations International Childrens Emergency Fund, the International Committee of the Red Cross, the League of Red Cross Societies and other voluntary agencies" "Requests the Secretary-General to appoint a Director of United Nations Relief for Palestine Refugees, to whom he may delegate such responsibility as he may consider appropriate for the over- all planning and implementation of the relief programme;” The Assembly also agreed to the convoking》 at the discretion of the Secretary-»General of an ad hoc advisory committee nominated by the President of the General Assembly; and urged "WHO and other specialized agencies^ UNICEF and other appropriate organizations, "acting within the framework of the relief programme, promptly to и contribute supplies^ spécialisai personnel and other services . -
Of the United Nations Mission in the DRC / MONUC – MONUSCO
Assessing the of the United Nations Mission in the DRC / MONUC – MONUSCO REPORT 3/2019 Publisher: Norwegian Institute of International Affairs Copyright: © Norwegian Institute of International Affairs 2019 ISBN: 978-82-7002-346-2 Any views expressed in this publication are those of the author. Tey should not be interpreted as reflecting the views of the Norwegian Institute of International Affairs. Te text may not be re-published in part or in full without the permission of NUPI and the authors. Visiting address: C.J. Hambros plass 2d Address: P.O. Box 8159 Dep. NO-0033 Oslo, Norway Internet: effectivepeaceops.net | www.nupi.no E-mail: [email protected] Fax: [+ 47] 22 99 40 50 Tel: [+ 47] 22 99 40 00 Assessing the Efectiveness of the UN Missions in the DRC (MONUC-MONUSCO) Lead Author Dr Alexandra Novosseloff, International Peace Institute (IPI), New York and Norwegian Institute of International Affairs (NUPI), Oslo Co-authors Dr Adriana Erthal Abdenur, Igarapé Institute, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil Prof. Tomas Mandrup, Stellenbosch University, South Africa, and Royal Danish Defence College, Copenhagen Aaron Pangburn, Social Science Research Council (SSRC), New York Data Contributors Ryan Rappa and Paul von Chamier, Center on International Cooperation (CIC), New York University, New York EPON Series Editor Dr Cedric de Coning, NUPI External Reference Group Dr Tatiana Carayannis, SSRC, New York Lisa Sharland, Australian Strategic Policy Institute, Canberra Dr Charles Hunt, Royal Melbourne Institute of Technology (RMIT) University, Australia Adam Day, Centre for Policy Research, UN University, New York Cover photo: UN Photo/Sylvain Liechti UN Photo/ Abel Kavanagh Contents Acknowledgements 5 Acronyms 7 Executive Summary 13 Te effectiveness of the UN Missions in the DRC across eight critical dimensions 14 Strategic and Operational Impact of the UN Missions in the DRC 18 Constraints and Challenges of the UN Missions in the DRC 18 Current Dilemmas 19 Introduction 21 Section 1. -
Addressing Root Causes of Conflict: a Case Study Of
Experience paper Addressing root causes of conflict: A case study of the International Security and Stabilization Support Strategy and the Patriotic Resistance Front of Ituri (FRPI) in Ituri Province, eastern Democratic Republic of Congo Oslo, May 2019 1 About the Author: Ingebjørg Finnbakk has been deployed by the Norwegian Resource Bank for Democracy and Human Rights (NORDEM) to the Stabilization Support Unit (SSU) in MONUSCO from August 2016 until February 2019. Together with SSU Headquarters and Congolese partners she has been a key actor in developing and implementing the ISSSS program in Ituri Province, leading to a joint MONUSCO and Government process and strategy aimed at demobilizing a 20-year-old armed group in Ituri, the Patriotic Resistance Front of Ituri (FRPI). The views expressed in this report are her own, and do not represent those of either the UN or the Norwegian Refugee Council/NORDEM. About NORDEM: The Norwegian Resource Bank for Democracy and Human Rights (NORDEM) is NORCAP’s civilian capacity provider specializing in human rights and support for democracy. NORDEM has supported the SSU with personnel since 2013, hence contribution significantly with staff through the various preparatory phases as well as during the implementation. Acknowledgements: Reaching the point of implementing ISSSS phase two programs has required a lot of analyses, planning and stakeholder engagement. The work presented in this report would not be possible without all the efforts of previous SSU staff under the leadership of Richard de La Falaise. The FRPI process would not have been possible without the support and visions from Francois van Lierde (deployed by NORDEM) and Frances Charles at SSU HQ level. -
Reconciling the Protection of Civilians and Host-State Support in UN Peacekeeping
MAY 2020 With or Against the State? Reconciling the Protection of Civilians and Host-State Support in UN Peacekeeping PATRYK I. LABUDA Cover Photo: Elements of the UN ABOUT THE AUTHOR Organization Stabilization Mission in the Democratic Republic of the Congo’s PATRYK I. LABUDA is a Postdoctoral Scholar at the (MONUSCO) Force Intervention Brigade Fletcher School of Law and Diplomacy and a Non-resident and the Congolese armed forces Fellow at the International Peace Institute. The author’s undertake a joint operation near research is supported by the Swiss National Science Kamango, in eastern Democratic Foundation. Republic of the Congo, March 20, 2014. UN Photo/Sylvain Liechti. ACKNOWLEDGEMENTS Disclaimer: The views expressed in this paper represent those of the author The author wishes to thank all the UN officials, member- and not necessarily those of the state representatives, and civil society representatives International Peace Institute. IPI welcomes consideration of a wide interviewed for this report. He thanks MONUSCO in parti - range of perspectives in the pursuit of cular for organizing a workshop in Goma, which allowed a well-informed debate on critical him to gather insights from a range of stakeholders.. policies and issues in international Special thanks to Oanh-Mai Chung, Koffi Wogomebou, Lili affairs. Birnbaum, Chris Johnson, Sigurður Á. Sigurbjörnsson, Paul Egunsola, and Martin Muigai for their essential support in IPI Publications organizing the author’s visits to the Central African Adam Lupel, Vice President Republic, the Democratic Republic of the Congo, and Albert Trithart, Editor South Sudan. The author is indebted to Namie Di Razza for Meredith Harris, Editorial Intern her wise counsel and feedback on various drafts through - out this project. -
MONUSCO, 20 Years in Democratic Republic of Congo. What
MONUSCO, 20 Years in Democratic Republic of Congo. What Are the Priorities For Its New Mandate? Analysis December 2019 / N° 746a Cover picture: The gates to the MONUSCO headquarters in Kinshasa, Democratic Republic of Congo (DRC), 19 February 2015. © Michael Kappeler / DPA/DPA Picture Alliance TABLE OF CONTENTS ACRONYMS 5 MAP OF MONUSCO’S PRESENCE IN DRC 6 EXECUTIVE SUMMARY 7 METHODOLOGY 9 INTRODUCTION 10 I. OVERVIEW OF THE POLITICAL, SECURITY AND HUMAN RIGHTS CONTEXT IN DRC 12 A. An uncertain context of emergence from political crisis and lifting of restrictions on democratic space 12 B. A worrying security context, marked by continuing violations of human rights and inter-communal tensions and conflicts throughout the country 14 II. OVERVIEW OF THE CONTEXT OF RENEWAL OF MONUSCO’S MANDATE 18 A. A nine-month interim mandate 18 B. Towards MONUSCO’s reconfiguration 19 III. PRIORITIES FOR THE NEW MONUSCO MANDATE ACCORDING TO FIDH AND ITS MEMBER ORGANISATIONS IN DRC 21 A. On democratic space and governance 21 1. Consolidate efforts already undertaken to open up democratic space 21 2. Encourage institutional reforms 22 B. On security and civilian protection 24 1. Prioritise a non-military community-based and local approach to civilian protection 24 2. Strengthen civil and military coordination 25 3. Provide a rapid response to protection needs 26 4. Adopt a regional approach to civilian protection 26 5. Pursue efforts to reform the UN peacekeeping system 26 C. On justice and the fight against impunity 27 1. Fight impunity for the most serious crimes 27 2. Build the capacities of the judicial system to increase its efficiency and independence 29 3. -
The UN Mission in Congo and the Basic Principles of Peacekeeping
FACULTY OF LAW Stockholm University The UN Mission in Congo and the Basic Principles of Peacekeeping - Revolution or Evolution? Dag Nyström Thesis in Public International Law, 30 HE credits Examiner: David Fisher Stockholm, Spring term 2015 0 Abstract In the absence of a legal basis for peacekeeping operations, the concept has had to evolve from SC practice. This has allowed for the system of collective security to survive the blocking if the Security Council by its permanent members and also permitted for a dynamic approach, facilitating an adequate response to the ever-changing threats to international peace and security. To balance the Member States’ sovereignty and the organisation’s supranational powers, SC practice and doctrine have developed three basic principles of peacekeeping: impartiality, consent and minimum use of force. Since 2013, the UN mission to the Congo, MONUSCO, has been authorised by the SC to use aggressive force against certain rebel groups. This work examines the basic principles as they appear in resolutions and doctrine, and compares them with the mandate of MONUSCO as expressed in SC resolutions. It is concluded that the new SC practice marks a deviation from all three principles. The thesis also finds that it remains to be seen whether the UN mission to the DRC, despite the denial of the organisation itself, will serve as a precedent for future peacekeeping operations. Keywords Force Intervention Brigade – peacekeeping – United Nations – Congo – MONUSCO – use of force – impartiality – consent 1 Abbreviations -
Report on Violations of Human Rights and International Humanitarian Law by the Allied Democratic Forces Armed
UNITED NATIONS JOINT HUMAN RIGHTS OFFICE OHCHR-MONUSCO Report on violations of human rights and international humanitarian law by the Allied Democratic Forces armed group and by members of the defense and security forces in Beni territory, North Kivu province and Irumu and Mambasa territories, Ituri province, between 1 January 2019 and 31 January 2020 July 2020 Table of contents Summary ......................................................................................................................................................................... 4 I. Methodology and challenges encountered ............................................................................................ 7 II. Overview of the armed group Allied Democratic Forces (ADF) ................................................. 8 III. Context of the attacks in Beni territory ................................................................................................. 8 A. Evolution of the attacks from January 2015 to December 2018 .................................................. 8 B. Context of the attacks from 1 January 2019 and 31 January 2020 ............................................ 9 IV. Modus operandi............................................................................................................................................. 11 V. Human rights violations and abuses and violations of international humanitarian law . 11 A. By ADF combattants ..................................................................................................................................