Modern Timber Bridge Case Studies Summary 1. Introduction
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Timber Bridge History Booklet for Web.Qxp
Printed on Member & recycled Supporter paper TimberTimber TrestleTrestle BridgesBridges inin Alaska Railroad Corporation P.O. Box 107500 • Anchorage, Alaska 99510-7500 (907) 265-2300 • Reservations • (907) 265-2494 AlaskaAlaska RailroadRailroad TTY/TDD • (907) 265-2620 www.AlaskaRailroad.com This History booklet is History also available online by visiting AlaskaRailroad.com Publication Table of Contents “The key to unlocking Alaska is a system of railroads.” — President Woodrow Wilson (1914) The Alaska Railroad at a Glance . 3 Alaska Railroad Historical Overview. 5 Early Development & Operations. 5 Revitalization & World War II . 6 Rehabilitation & Early Cold War . 7 Recent History . 7 About Timber Trestle Bridges . 8 History of Timber Trestle Bridges . 10 in the United States History of Timber Trestle Bridges . 13 on the Alaska Railroad Bridge under constructon at MP 54. (ARRC photo archive) Status of Timber Trestle Bridges . 18 on the Alaska Railroad Historical Significance of Alaska . … progress was immediately hindered 20 Railroad Timber Trestle Bridges by numerous water crossings and abundant muskeg. Representative ARR Timber Bridges . 20 Because a trestle was the easiest and cheapest way to negotiate these barriers, a great many of them were erected, Publication Credits . 22 only to be later replaced or Research Acknowledgements . 22 filled and then forgotten. — Alaska Engineering Commission (1915) Bibliography of References . 22 Cover photo: A train leaves Anchorage, crossing Ship Creek Bridge in 1922. (ARRC photo archive) 01 The Alaska Railroad at a Glance early a century ago, President Woodrow Wilson charged the Alaskan Engineering Commission with building a railroad connecting a southern ice-free harbor to the territory’s interior in order to open this vast area to commerce. -
Bridges and Applications Bridges and Applications Bridges and Applications Arch Bridges
10/23/2014 Bridges and Applications Bridges and Applications • Bridges are used to span across distances that are difficult to otherwise pass through. • Rivers • Deep gorges • Other roadways Bridges and Applications Arch Bridges • There are four basic types of bridges – Arch – Beam – Suspension – Cable‐stayed • Each type has different design and is therefore better suited to different applications 1 10/23/2014 Arch Bridges Arch Bridges • Instead of pushing straight down, the weight of an arch bridge is carried outward along the curve of the arch to the supports at each end. Abutments, carry • These supports, called the abutments, carry the load the load and keep the ends of the bridge from spreading outward. and keep the ends of the bridge from spreading outward Arch Bridges Arch Bridges • When supporting its own weight and the • Today, materials like steel and pre‐stressed weight of crossing traffic, every part of the concrete have made it possible to build longer arch is under compression. and more elegant arches. • For this reason, arch bridges must be made of materials that are strong under compression. New River Gorge, – Rock West Virginia. – Concrete 2 10/23/2014 Arch Bridges Arch Bridges • Usually arch bridges employ vertical supports • Typically, arch bridges span between 200 and called spandrels to distribute the weight of 800 feet. the roadway to the arch below. Arch Bridges One of the most revolutionary arch bridges in recent years is the Natchez Trace Parkway Bridge in Franklin, Tennessee, which was opened to traffic in 1994. It's the first American arch bridge to be constructed from segments of precast concrete, a highly economical material. -
Modern Steel Construction 2009
Reprinted from 2009 MSC Steel Bridges 2009 Welcome to Steel Bridges 2009! This publication contains all bridge related information collected from Modern Steel Construction magazine in 2009. These articles have been combined into one organized document for our readership to access quickly and easily. Within this publication, readers will find information about Accelerated Bridge Construction (ABC), short span steel bridge solutions, NSBA Prize Bridge winners, and advancement in coatings technologies among many other interesting topics. Readers may also download any and all of these articles (free of charge) in electronic format by visiting www.modernsteel.org. The National Steel Bridge Alliance would like to thank everyone for their strong dedication to improving our nation’s infrastructure, and we look forward to what the future holds! Sincerely, Marketing Director National Steel Bridge Alliance Table of Contents March 2009: Up and Running in No Time........................................................................................... 3 March 2009: Twice as Nice .................................................................................................................. 6 March 2009: Wide River ..................................................................................................................... 8 March 2009: Over the Rails in the Other Kansas City ........................................................................ 10 July 2009: Full House ....................................................................................................................... -
Timber Bridges in South America
Timber Bridges in South America Carlito Calil Junior, Laboratory of Wood and Timber Structures, Sao Paulo University, Brazil Abstract Beam Superstructures Timber bridges in South America predate the 19th Longitudinal beams superstructures are the simplest century. This paper provides an introduction of the and most common timber bridge type and consist of a many types of timber bridges currently used in South deck system supported by a series of timber beams America. The five basic types used, which are, the between two or more supports. Bridge beams are longitudinal beam, frame, truss, arch and suspension constructed from logs and sawn lumber, single or superstructures, are presented. Research on new bridge composite elements. designs, using tropical and reforestation wood species, has been developed in the Laboratory of Wood and Log Beams Timber Structures, Sao Paulo University in Brazil, on The simplest type of timber bridge in South America is prestressed timber bridge and decks composed with the log beam. It is constructed by placing round logs two diagonal layers of sawn wood connected with alternately tip and butt sections. The span of log beam wood dowels over composed longitudinal beams. We is limited to sizes and truck loads. The clear span of 5 will construct the first prestressed timber bridge in to 12 meters are most common (Figure 1). South America in this year using Eucalyptus Citriodora specie. In order to support high truck loads, LaMEM developed a longitudinal beam with composite Keywords: timber, briges, South America, Brazil configuration of two logs alternately tip and butt sections and connected with split rings and bolts Introduction (Figure 2). -
Simple Innovative Comparison of Costs Between Tied-Arch Bridge and Cable-Stayed Bridge
MATEC Web of Conferences 258, 02015 (2019) https://doi.org/10.1051/matecconf/20192 5802015 SCESCM 20 18 Simple innovative comparison of costs between tied-arch bridge and cable-stayed bridge Järvenpää Esko1,*, Quach Thanh Tung2 1WSP Finland, Oulu, Finland 2WSP Finland, Ho Chi Minh, Vietnam Abstract. The proposed paper compares tied-arch bridge alternatives and cable-stayed bridge alternatives based on needed load-bearing construction material amounts in the superstructure. The comparisons are prepared between four tied arch bridge solutions and four cable-stayed bridge solutions of the same span lengths. The sum of the span lengths is 300 m. The rise of arch as well as the height of pylon and cable arrangements follow optimal dimensions. The theoretic optimum rise of tied-arch for minimum material amount is higher than traditionally used for aesthetic reason. The optimum rise for minimum material amount parabolic arch is shown in the paper. The mathematical solution uses axial force index method presented in the paper. For the tied-arches the span-rise-ration of 3 is used. The hangers of the tied-arches are vertical-The tied-arches are calculated by numeric iteration method in order to get moment-less arch. The arches are designed as constant stress arch. The area and the weight of the cross section follow the compression force in the arch. In addition the self-weight of the suspender cables are included in the calculation. The influence of traffic loads are calculated by using a separate FEM program. It is concluded that tied-arch is a competitive alternative to cable-stayed bridge especially when asymmetric bridge spans are considered. -
Arched Bridges Lily Beyer University of New Hampshire - Main Campus
University of New Hampshire University of New Hampshire Scholars' Repository Honors Theses and Capstones Student Scholarship Spring 2012 Arched Bridges Lily Beyer University of New Hampshire - Main Campus Follow this and additional works at: https://scholars.unh.edu/honors Part of the Civil and Environmental Engineering Commons Recommended Citation Beyer, Lily, "Arched Bridges" (2012). Honors Theses and Capstones. 33. https://scholars.unh.edu/honors/33 This Senior Honors Thesis is brought to you for free and open access by the Student Scholarship at University of New Hampshire Scholars' Repository. It has been accepted for inclusion in Honors Theses and Capstones by an authorized administrator of University of New Hampshire Scholars' Repository. For more information, please contact [email protected]. UNIVERSITY OF NEW HAMPSHIRE CIVIL ENGINEERING Arched Bridges History and Analysis Lily Beyer 5/4/2012 An exploration of arched bridges design, construction, and analysis through history; with a case study of the Chesterfield Brattleboro Bridge. UNH Civil Engineering Arched Bridges Lily Beyer Contents Contents ..................................................................................................................................... i List of Figures ........................................................................................................................... ii Introduction ............................................................................................................................... 1 Chapter I: History -
Cable Stayed Timber Bridges
D)l D CTTO Anna Pousette Cable Stayed Timber Bridges Trätek INSTITUTET FÖR TRÄTEKNISK FORSKNI AnnaPousette CABLE STAYED TIMBER BRIDGES Trätek, Rapport 10112042 ISSN 1102-1071 ISRN TRÄTEK - R — 01/042 — SE Nyckelord dimensional analysis timber bridges Stockholm december 2001 Rapporter från Trätek - Institutet för träteknisk forsk• Trätek - Institutet för träteknisk forskning - betjänar ning-är kompletta sammanställningar av forsknings• sågverk, trämanufaktur (snickeri-, frähus-, möbel- och resultat eller översikter, utvecklingar och studier Pu• övrig träförädlande indusfri), skivtillverkare och bygg• blicerade rapporter betecknas med I eller P och num• industri. reras tillsammans med alla utgåvor från Trätek i lö• Institutet är ett icke vinstdrivande bolag med indust• pande följd. riella och institutionella kunder FoU-projekt genom• Citat tillätes om källan anges. förs både som konfidentiella uppdrag för enskilda företagskunder och som gemensamma projekt för grupper av företag eller för den gemensamma bran• schen. Arbetet utförs med egna, samverkande och ex• terna resurser Trätek har forskningsenheter i Stock• holm, Växjö och Skellefteå. Reports issued by the Swedish Institute for Wood The Swedish Institute for Wood Technology Research Technology Research comprise complete accounts serves sawmills, manufacturing (joinery, wooden for research results, or summaries, surveys and houses, furniture and other woodworking plants), studies. Published reports bear the designation I board manufacturers and building industry. or P and are numbered in consecutive order The institute is a non-profit company with industrial together with all the other publications from the and institutional customers. R&D projekcts are Institute. performed as contract work for individual indust• Extracts from the text may be reproduced provided rial customers as well as joint ventures on an the source is acknowledges. -
Bayonne Bridge Lesson Plan
The Bayonne Bridge: The Beautiful Arch Resources for Teachers and Students [Printable and Electronic Versions] The Bayonne Bridge: The Beautiful Arch Resources for Teachers And Students [Printable and Electronic Versions] OVERVIEW/OBJECTIVE: Students will be able to understand and discuss the history of NOTES: the Bayonne Bridge and use science and engineering basics • Key words indicated in to investigate bridge design and test an arch bridge model. Bold are defined in call- out boxes. TARGET GRADE LEVEL: • Teacher-only text Fourth grade instruction, adaptable to higher levels as indicated with Italics. desired in the subjects of Social Studies and Engineering. FOCUS: In Part I, students learn about history of the Bayonne Bridge including the many engineering challenges encountered during the project and the people who helped overcome those challenges. In Part II, students learn engineering concepts to understand how bridges stay up and use these concepts to complete activities on bridge design before applying these concepts to theorize how the Bayonne Bridge works. MATERIALS: • Part I: DVD of “The Bayonne Bridge Documentary” • Part II: 2–4 heavy textbooks or 2 bricks per group; 2 pieces of “cereal box” cardboard or similar, 12 x 8 in; weights (anything small that can be stacked on the structure); red and blue marker, crayon or colored pencil for each student or group. The Bayonne Bridge: The Beautiful Arch Contents Teacher Materials | Part I: History of the Bayonne Bridge . T-1 Teacher Materials | Part II: Bridge Engineering . T-7 Student Materials | Part I: History of the Bayonne Bridge . S-1 Student Materials | Part II: Bridge Engineering . -
Polydron-Bridges-Work-Cards.Pdf
Getting Started You will need: A Polydron Bridges Set ❑ This activity introduces you to the parts in the set and explains what each of them does. A variety of traditional Polydron and Frameworks pieces are used in each of the activities. However, they are coloured to produce more realistic effects. For example, the traditional squares are black and used to represent the road on the bridge deck. Plinth ❑ On the right you can see the plinth or bridge base. All of the bridges use one or two of these. They give each bridge a firm base and allow special parts to be connected easily. Notice the two holes in the top on the plinth. These holes are for long struts. These can be seen in place below. ❑ The second picture shows the plinth with two right-angled triangles and a rectangle connected. All three of these parts clip into the plinth. Struts ❑ There are three different lengths of strut in the set. There are 80mm short struts that are used with the pulleys with lugs to carry cables. These are shown on the left. The lugs fit into long struts. On the Drawbridge 110mm short struts are used with ordinary pulleys and a winding handle. ❑ Long struts are also used to support the cable assembly of the Suspension Bridge and the Cable Stay Bridge. This idea can be seen in the picture on the right. ❑ Long struts are also used to connect the two sections of the Drawbridge. ® ©Bob Ansell Special Rectangles ❑ Special rectangles can be used in a variety of ways. -
Timber Bridges Design, Construction, Inspection, and Maintenance
Timber Bridges Design, Construction, Inspection, and Maintenance Michael A. Ritter, Structural Engineer United States Department of Agriculture Forest Service Ritter, Michael A. 1990. Timber Bridges: Design, Construction, Inspection, and Maintenance. Washington, DC: 944 p. ii ACKNOWLEDGMENTS The author acknowledges the following individuals, Agencies, and Associations for the substantial contributions they made to this publication: For contributions to Chapter 1, Fong Ou, Ph.D., Civil Engineer, USDA Forest Service, Engineering Staff, Washington Office. For contributions to Chapter 3, Jerry Winandy, Research Forest Products Technologist, USDA Forest Service, Forest Products Laboratory. For contributions to Chapter 8, Terry Wipf, P.E., Ph.D., Associate Professor of Structural Engineering, Iowa State University, Ames, Iowa. For administrative overview and support, Clyde Weller, Civil Engineer, USDA Forest Service, Engineering Staff, Washington Office. For consultation and assistance during preparation and review, USDA Forest Service Bridge Engineers, Steve Bunnell, Frank Muchmore, Sakee Poulakidas, Ron Schmidt, Merv Eriksson, and David Summy; Russ Moody and Alan Freas (retired) of the USDA Forest Service, Forest Products Laboratory; Dave Pollock of the National Forest Products Association; and Lorraine Krahn and James Wacker, former students at the University of Wisconsin at Madison. In addition, special thanks to Mary Jane Baggett and Jim Anderson for editorial consultation, JoAnn Benisch for graphics preparation and layout, and Stephen Schmieding and James Vargo for photographic support. iii iv CONTENTS CHAPTER 1 TIMBER AS A BRIDGE MATERIAL 1.1 Introduction .............................................................................. l- 1 1.2 Historical Development of Timber Bridges ............................. l-2 Prehistory Through the Middle Ages ....................................... l-3 Middle Ages Through the 18th Century ................................... l-5 19th Century ............................................................................ -
Design and Construction of the First Composite Truss Bridge in Japan Kinokawa Viaduct, Wakayama, Japan
Concrete Structures: the Challenge of Creativity Design and Construction of the first composite truss bridge in Japan Kinokawa Viaduct, Wakayama, Japan Masato YAMAMURA Hiroaki OKAMOTO Hiroo MINAMI Professional Engineer Professional Engineer Professional Engineer Kajima Corporation Kajima Corporation Kajima Corporation Tokyo, Japan Tokyo, Japan Tokyo, Japan Summary This project is to build a viaduct in Wakayama, Japan. Owner adopted a design build bidding system for the first time in its history of a bridge project in order to tender a construction work including both the superstructure and the substructure together. As a result of bidding, it was decided that the first composite truss bridge in Japan is constructed. Through the project, it was confirmed that the construction and the economical efficiency of the composite truss bridge are equivalent to or better than the conventional pretressed concrete box girder bridge. Keywords: composite truss bridge; design build; steel truss diagonal; panel point section; steel box- type joint structure; balanced cantilever erection 1. Introduction This project is to build a viaduct over the Kinokawa River in Wakayama. Ministry of Land, Infrastructure and Transport (MLIT) adopted a design build bidding system for the first time in its history of a bridge project in order to tender a construction work including both the superstructure and the substructure together. In the tendering method used at this time, only the basic performance requirements such as the bridge length, road classification, effective width, and live loads are specified. A proposal of a variety of bridge design, mainly for its form and the number of span, was admitted by MLIT. -
G 13.1 Guidelines for Steel Girder Bridge Analysis.Pdf
G13.1 Guidelines for Steel Girder Bridge Analysis 2nd Edition American Association of State Highway Transportation Officials National Steel Bridge Alliance AASHTO/NSBA Steel Bridge Collaboration Copyright © 2014 by the AASHTO/NSBA Steel Bridge Collaboration All rights reserved. ii G13.1 Guidelines for Steel Girder Bridge Analysis PREFACE This document is a standard developed by the AASHTO/NSBA Steel Bridge Collaboration. The primary goal of the Collaboration is to achieve steel bridge design and construction of the highest quality and value through standardization of the design, fabrication, and erection processes. Each standard represents the consensus of a diverse group of professionals. It is intended that Owners adopt and implement Collaboration standards in their entirety to facilitate the achievement of standardization. It is understood, however, that local statutes or preferences may prevent full adoption of the document. In such cases Owners should adopt these documents with the exceptions they feel are necessary. Cover graphics courtesy of HDR Engineering. DISCLAIMER The information presented in this publication has been prepared in accordance with recognized engineering principles and is for general information only. While it is believed to be accurate, this information should not be used or relied upon for any specific application without competent professional examination and verification of its accuracy, suitability, and applicability by a licensed professional engineer, designer, or architect. The publication of the material contained herein is not intended as a representation or warranty of the part of the American Association of State Highway and Transportation Officials (AASHTO) or the National Steel Bridge Alliance (NSBA) or of any other person named herein, that this information is suitable for any general or particular use or of freedom from infringement of any patent or patents.