June, 1978. the Thesis of Pearl Artenstein Frank, Kathleen Deguard Margulies Hecker, and Jean Kelley Page Is Approved

CALIFORNIA STATE UNIVERSITY 1 NOR'I'HRIDGE

ASTROLOGY P.• ND MARI'rAL COMPA.'riBILITY: II A PILOT S'rUDY

A thesis submitted in part:ial satisfaction of t!1e requirements for.the degree of Ha.ster of Arts in

Educational PsYchology

by Pearl Artenstein -Frank, Kathleen DeGuard Margulies Hecker,

and

Jean Kelley Page

June, 1978. The Thesis of Pearl Artenstein Frank, Kathleen DeGuard Margulies Hecker, and Jean Kelley Page is approved:

(: .. , . vMartin_J. Bravin, Ph.D.

- Jcfej McNair, Ph.D.

Ezra Wyeth, Ph.D., Cha1rrnan

California State University, Northridge

ii ACKNOY\i'LEDGMENTS

Our sincerest appreciation to Ezra Wyeth for his endless patience, advice, and encourage men·t.

A special thanks to Joe McNair for his interest, concern, and participation.

We are grateful as well to Martin Bravin for his specialized knowledge and help.

In conclusion, we wish to express our gratitude to the Educational Psychology Depart :w:ent for their continued support and under standing.

iii "We are born at a given moment in a given plac~ and like vintage wine, we have the quali ties of the year and of the season in which we are born. Astrology does not claim anything more-." Carl Gustav Jung

iv TABLE OF CONTENTS

Page

APPROVAL • • • • • ii

ACKNOWLEDG"i'-1ENTS iii

QUOTATION iv LIST OF TABLES ...... vii LIST QF.FIGURES • • viii ABSTRACT ...... ix Chapter

1. INTRODUCTION .• 1

2. REVIEW OF LITERATURE • 4

3. METHOD· 33

General Overview Subject Selection Test Instrument Astrological Procedure

4. RESULTS 47

5. SU.r-1J.\1ARY AND CONCLUSIONS 50

BIBLIOGHAPHY 60

APPENDICES

A. The I'<1arria9e Adjustment Inventory 69 Manson Letter . . . • . • • • 70

B. Cover Letter ... 75

c. Examples of the Worksheets for Clinical Evaluation . • . . • • . • • . • . 77

v APPENDIX Page

D. Planets and related terminology 90

E. Examples of the worksheets used for astrological evaluation . . . • 93

F. Statistical treatment 119

vi LIST OF TABLES

Table ·Page

Cl. Worksheet for Numbers and Percentages of Items Answered by Each Couple for Clinical Evaluation . . • • • . . 79

C2. Worksheet for Clinical Evaltiat.ion of Test

for Matching of the Couples . • • • ill •. 80

..., Dl. Astrological Signs and Related Terminology 91

D2. Astrological Aspects Between the Planets and Related Terminology . • . . . . . 91

D3. Astrological Houses and Related Terminology. . 92

04. Astrological Planets and Related Terminology . • . • . • • 92

r- El. \'lo:cksheet for Astrological Evaluation of Charts for Matching of Couples . • . . 94

Fl. Code Numbers for Couples 120

F2. Rank Order of Couples 121

F3~ Determination of Correlation Coefficient . 122

F4. 'I'heoretical Sampling Distribution for ~atching Couples ...... • 123

F5. Matching of Clinical and Astrological Evaluations • . . . • • . • . . 124

vii LIST OF FIGURES

Figure Page

1. Scattergram comparing rank orders 47

Cl. Worksheet listing test questions answered by each couple illustrating how they agree, disagree, partial agree and differ ...... 78

El. Astrological natal chart of husband 115

E2. Astrological natal chart of wife . . 116

E3. Astrological composite chart of husband · and wife • • . . • • • . • • . • • 117

E4. Astrological comparison chart of husband and wife ...... 118

viii " '

ABSTRACT

ASTROLOGY AND :MARITAL COHPATIBILITY:

A PILOT STUDY

Pearl Artenstein Frank, Kathleen DeGuard Margulies Hecker and Jean Kelley Page

Master of Arts in Educational Psychology

The purpose of this study has been to evaluate astrology as a predictor of mari t.al compatibili·ty. It is anticipated that the results will be useful in assessing the value of astrology as a tool in marriage counseling.

Because of limitations due to time and the avail- ability of subjects, only ten couples were studied. Two members oF the research team administered a marriage compatibili·ty test to all ten couples. The third member of the team delineated astrological charts on the same couples.

'J:his r.esearcher and the two researchers who administered t.he tests were blind with respect to which c6uple was associated with a particular astrological or test profile. The two areas of research were conducted independently of each other.

ix Qualitative and quantitative analyses of the results of bo~h methods of assessing compatibility were conducted.

These consisted of examining of clinical and astrological evaluation of each couple, rank ordering them .in terms of compatibility, testing the rank orders using Spearman's rho, and matching the couples using the clinical and astro logical evaluations and the raw test scores.

The rank order correlation coefficient, 'which tested the relationship between orders obtained by astro logical means and test scores, was .53, which is not sig nigicant a:t the . 05 level. The results of matching astro logical and clinical evaluations were, however, highly significant. The team member who prepared the astrological evaluations correctly matched five of the ten pairs of evaluations. The other two team members, working together, correctly matched eight of the ten pairs_, The probability of obtaining these results by chance were less than .002 and .000015, respectively.

These results indicate that astrology may play an important role in counseling and psychotherapy. The possi bilitie~ and limitations must be investigated in depth, and the results of this study are sufficiently compelling to justify the allocation of resources to further scientific investigation in this area.

X CHAPTER 1

INTRODUCTION

Marital relationships today are subject to increas ing stress and strain. This is seen in the growth in the nu~ber of marriage counselors, the tendency of partners to leave unsatisfying relationships, and the increase in avail able literature on the subject.

There has, therefore, been a rise in awareness of the issue of compatibility in committed relationships.

Effective tools which the therapist can use to expose the factors underlying the absence of compatibility witlu.n a gi,:.ren couple may be of great value in assessing or counsel ing the couple. This study concerns the efficacy of one such tool--the use of astrology.

W~ will att.empt to. demonstrate ·that a couple 1 s as trological charts may be used to gain insight into the specific strains in a relationship. It is hypothesized that there will be a significan·t positive correlation between marital compatibility estimates derived from a delineation of astrological charts and estimates derived from a standard test: of compatabili ty completed by the couple.

The term "compa.tibilityn itself requires further discuss .ion, for problems exist in its defini t.ion. Compati bility is an abstract label which is assigned to certain

1 values and·behaviors, usually the ones valued by the counselor. For the purposes of this study, it will be assumed that a compatible marriage can be operationally defined as one,

• . • where each member encourages the full growth and development of personality (both self and spouse) within a milieu of harmonious interpersonal relationships. Such marriages have relatively few destructive feelings of guilt, hostility, doubt, and frustration. (Manson and Lerner, 1962, p. 1)

In order to assess astrology's value in predicting compatibility, a sample of ten married couples was selected.

Each was given the Marr1age Adjustment Inventory (~ffii)

(Manson and Lerner, 1962), and a natal chart was generated from the exact birth time for both partners. The charts r,vere drawn and delineated by a menlber of the research team who was not involved with the testing procedure. Similarly, the members of the research team who conducted and evaluated the testing were blind with respect to the charting and astrological interpretation.

\'li thout knmvledge of the identity of the couples, the team mewbers involved in the testing and the team member involved with the charting independently compared the assessments of compatabili ty prod~ced by the hm techniques.

An attempt was made to match the two assessments by couple through an examination of the specific areas of strain pre- dieted for the couple. An attempt was also made to rank the couples in order by compatability using each method i~dependently, and the rank orders were tested for 3

corr:elatim1.. ·

It is well to note here that because of certain

limitations in obtaining subjects, shortage of time, and

the lack cf prior research in the fieid, we feel that we

have only scra·tched the surface of this complex topic. With

respect to the subject pool~ it was difficult to find mar

ried couples whose partners knew their exact birth times

and who were also willing to complete the instrument. As

for the time factor, it required approximately twenty·-

hours to chart, delineate, and assess each couple.

We believe that the present study is a pilot project

and that additional research is imperative to enable us to

arrive at more in depth conclusions. It is anticipated, however, ·that the results of this study v'lill be useful in making a preliminary assessment of the value of adding

astrology to the body of accepted metbods in marriage coun

seling and therapy. CHAPTER 2

REVIEW OF LITERA'l'URE

We shall attempt ·to review a body of knowleClge

relevant to the use of astrology as a tool in counseling

and as a predictor of rnari·tal compatibility. r

information comes from astrological texts, journals, maga

zines, lectures, and interviews with astrologers. Unfor

tunately, there is not a great deal of available data, and

'i.vhat is extant is accessible only to those with formal ties

to the astrological establishment. This review 'i.vill be

geared to the general ·reader, and will facilitate an ~nder

standing of astrology as it is used in this study and give

credence to the assumptions underlying the research.

We found in our searchi as did Ostrander and

Schroeder (1972), that research applicable to astrology is

often hidden under many different titles. The following,

although not always concerned with cosmic influence, are

fruitful areas for examination: biological clocks, cosmo

biology, fluctuating phenomena, gravitational vectoring,

·medical climatology, periodicity, and sunspots.

The literature surveyed will aim at answering four

basic questions about astrology. 'rhese are: What is

astrology·? What is the historical development of astrology?

What is the current status of astrology? Ho-v-1 is astrology

4 5

'helpful in understanding marriages and in counseling?

Astrology has been called both an art and a

science; it is neither fortune telling nor superstition.

Most astrologers would probably agree with the general

statement that,

Astrology is the s-tudy of the correlations that can be established between the positions of celestial bodies around the earth and the physical events or phychological or social changes of con sciousness of man (Rudyhar, 1972, p. 3).

Astrology is ancient and, as noted by astrologe:r

Maurice Woodruff (1969), has stood the test of centuries.

It has been .. said of astrology that,. "It involves the rela-

tionship between the larger universe outside you and the

personal universe within" (Hickey, 1974, p .. 5).

The term, 11 astrology" literally means the science

of the stars. There are several different types of astral-

ogy. Natural astrology is that branch which deals with

predicting the movement of stars, a. field which has been

incorporated into astronomy. Judicial astrology predicts

the motion of heavenly bodies which affect earthly life.

Its sub-categories, according to Schulman (1976), are:

mundane:.!: Deals with the chart readings of a nation

and its head of state. This area also

deals with the prediction of world dis-

asters. 6

genethliacal: The most popular type, consisting.of

charting o.nd reading an individual's horo

scope.

horary: The charting and reading of a horoscope for

a given time in order to answer a particu·

lar question.

medical: Determines which inorganic sal·ts are re-

quired by the body.to maintain health, given

the positions of the planets said to be re

lated to those salts.

electional: Determines the most opportune time for

any event.

physiognomical: Concerned with those facial charac

teristics which are supposed to be under a

particular body's influence.

'l'he astrologer studies the posi t.ions of the planets relative to the earth, each other, and other heavenly bod-· ies using the exact birth time of the subject, and the location of the birth. This pattern is virtually unique for a given individual. The following terms must be under stood for the reader tb be able to gra~p how the astrologer describes these patterns and defines their significance:

The ~odia~. is an imaginary belt in the sky along which the planets ·travel, each at its own speed. Tradi tional astrology divides this belt into twelve equal areas ~.·

6f thirty degrees each. These areas are assigned to one

·of the signs of the zodiac: · Aries, Taurus, Gemini, Cancer,

Leo, Virgo, Libra, Scorpio, Sagittarius, Capricorn, Aquari

us, and Pisces. The planets that traverse these signs

include the sun and moon, as well as Mercury, Venus~ Mars

Jupiter, Saturn, Uranus, Neptune, and Pluto.

The earth turns on its axis every twenty-four hours,

and astrologers treat this rotation as a miniature year.

The diurnal movement of the stars is thus broken int.o

twelve houses (analogous to the months of the year). The

houses are numbered counter-clockvTise (the opposite of the

direction of planetary motion) , and--unlike the signs of

the zodiac and the planets--do not move. The first house

is termed the ascendant, and corresponds to the house ris

ing on the horizon at the time of birth. The sign occupy~

ing this house is known as the rising sign. The lines

divid~ng the houses are referred to as cusps.

The mid-heaven, or medimrr coeli (MC) is the posi

tion which the sun occupies at noon. The cusp which de

fines the ascendant intersects with the MC, and planets on

or near the ends of these lines are called angles.

A planet which is passing oVer a special point in

the horoscope is said to be transiting the spot. The influ

ence of a given transit, as determined by special tables,

can be specified by the astrologer.

A line drawn from the earth's center (that is, the center of the horoscope) . to a particular planet may make

one of several special angles with another planet. These

angles are known as a.s-pects, and they vary in importance

and significance with position and interaction v.ri th other aspects. The aspects are: opposition (180 degrees); con

ju~~tion (planets within a maximum of 8-10 degrees from

each other); §qu§!_re (90 degrees); trine (120 degrees); and

?ext~f~ (60 degrees). The latter two are viewed as har

mon'ious or favorable. The opposition and square portend

difficulties. The conjunction can be favorable or unfavor

able depending on the planets involved. Since perfect as·

pects are rare events, a certain allmvance either wa.y is

perr.Utted. This breadth factor is known as the orb, and it.

varies with particular planets and aspects.

The ephemeris is a compilation of charts showing

the positions of the planets and certain stars. It also

contains a table of houses. To use the ephemeris, the

astrologer must utilize sidereal time, which is measured

with reference to the fixed stars, rather than the sun. A

solar F or sun, day is about four minutes longer t~han a sid

ereal day (Schulman, 1976).

Finally, the horoscope itself is the chart drawn by

the astrologer which shows the placemen·t of the planets

with respect to the signs of the zodiac and houses at the

time of birth. It is essentially a "still photograph" of

the heavens from a geocer::.tric viewpoint. 'I'he astrologer 9

attempts to interpret the horoscope in terms of n •. • • ten dencies which will become facts if one does not do something

to alter them" (Hickey, 1974, p. 5} through the use of

standard references, experience, and intuition.

The art of creating and interpreting horoscopes is older than psychology. It is thought to have originated in

Mesopotamia 1 around 3000 B.C., near the beginning of man's recorded history. According to Fagan (1954, p. 29~ "The earliest extant horoscope dates from 2767 B.C. It was cast by Imhotep, architect of. the great Step Pyramid of Saz

zarah." Astrology attained its highest level of development withih the orbit of the Greek civilization of the Hellenic period.

Much of the ancient knowledge of the celestial bodies and their properties has been credited to those who

-dwelt in the valleys of the Tigris and Euphrates Rivers- the region now known as Iraq. 'l'he civilizations here in cluded the Babylonian, Assyrian, Chaldean, and Sumerian.

In the dawn of civilization, astrology was nurtured by supersti-tion, magic, and wi tchc_raft. 'J.'his reflected the mental processes of the period. The sharpening of powers of observation and the organization of ideas led to the dis covery of relaticnships between planetary movements and human behavior which permitted astrology a more empirical route of de-velopment. Thus, astrology came to be accepted by early priests, scientists, and scholars (Parker and 10

Parker, 1971).

Astrology triumphed in Rome vvi th t.he rise of the

Empire. Some of the finest astrological t:exts can still be found in the Vatican Library, a fact which is not surprising in light of the Roman Catholic bishops of the fourteenth through the sixteenth centuries having been among the great est astrologers. In fact, Marinus, a French bishop, orig inated the method of delineating a "3-horoscope" which is still in use (Omarr, 1973).

During the i'1iddl.e l>~ges, astrology was at its zeni·th of power and influence, but fell into disrepute after the

Renaissance and beginning of modern science. In modern

·times, it remains an "occult amusement11 or "exE:rcise in character analysis" in the minds of some.

Others, however, are discovering astrology's intrin sic '>vorth. Evidence is emerging which indicates that what goes on in the heavens may, after all, have some causal cm-I nection with people on the earth. Scientists, who are hesi tant or umvilling to accept t.hat which cannot be repeatedly tested under laboratory conditions, are finally considering subjec·ting astrological findings to the rigid statistical analyses necessary to establish credibility. Some profes sionals who have, until now, branded astrolog-.f as "hogwash" are taking the time to learn about the field (Parker and

Parker, 19~/ 1) •

For exa.mple, journalist Joseph Goodavage set out to 11

·debunk astrology. He had difficulty, however, in doing so.

Predictions that he expected to turn out incorrect were

startlingly accurate. As a result of his findings, he re-

signed his posit.ion and became a full-time astrologer and

wri·ter on the subject. His work has included studies of

"astrological twins," the existence of t-?hich, separate from

biological relationship's contaminating influence, is rare

as a result of the fact that planetary positions are not

exactly duplicated within a span of 25,000 years. An illus-

tration from his research illustrates how an individual can

become convinced of the validity of astrology.. Goodavage,

{.1968, PP~ 27-28) wri-tes,

A few years ago, two unrelated women met for the first time in a hospital room in Hackensack, New Jersey. It turned out that they had been born· on the sante date of the same year, in towns not far dis tant. 'l'he women's last names were Hanna and Osborne, but bothhad the same first name--Edna. Each had come to the hospital to give birth to a first child. The babies had been born at the same hour; had weighed the same, and had been given the same name--·· Patricia Edna. ·

•rhe women~ s husbands also had identical firs·t names-·-Har61d. Each Harold was in the same busi ness and owned the same make, .model, and color car. 'l'he Hannas and the Osbornes had been married three and a hal£ years and shared the same anniversary. Both husbands had been born in the same year1 month, and day. Bo·th women· ·.vere blue-eyed brunettes--of thE~ same height and weight, and they wore the same size clothes. They had the same number of brothers and sisters. Their husbands were of the sarne re ligion--a different one from that of their wives, which was also the same.

Each family O'~:n1ed a dog named Spot of the same breed, size, and age. Both dogs were acquired under 12

·almost identical circumstances at the same time. Tne parallels went on· and on.

Anot.hel7 strange case came to 1 ight when two poul t.ry trucks of t.he same model collided in Hiami in June, 1961. The drivers, presenting identifi cation, learned tha·t they were identical twins separated from birth. Sc.me business, 'lrli ves of the same first name. Same number of children--same ages, same sexes.

. • • on July 19, 1958, a twenty-·one year-old laborer from New Rochelle, New York, was arraigned in the death of a thirty-six year:·-old drifter. At the same time in Hou:at- Vernon, New York, his twin brother was arrested for killing a thirty-six year old junkyard operator. ~hey had had no personal contact for two months prior to the tragedies.

Goodavage and his colleagues do not believe that coincidence alone explains this phenomenon. They believe that there is an external force acting on each twin. As·- trologers do not know where the force comes from, but it .1.s directly concerned with the earth and everything on it. By knowing more of the particulars of a person's birth and the nature of the force, the astrologer can predict what events will likely occur in the subject's life.

A pa:t·allel may be drawn with the psychological based psychotherapy. Evidence has shown that psychotherapy

"works, 11 in the sense that if a cer:tain act. is performed, or a certain method is usedr certain results will be obtained. Often, the therapist does not kno~.v why the procedures v.ro:r·k as they do i however, since they are effective, he employs them. The astrologer, then, views his "science"

Inuch as t,he layman views electricity. He does not. under- 13 stand why it works, bu·t he is able to observe i·ts efficacy in action. He is confident that if he plots a chart mathe- matically, based on accurate information, and interprets it according to time-tested rules, valid predictions will be obtained.

Thus, Goodavage (1968, p. 21) writes,

I can't tell you why a thousand people with a certain element in their horoscopes are different from a thousand people without that element, but when I see a horoscope with a certain element in it my experience tells me what it is going to mean about the individuals 6oncerned.

Research continues quietly and unobtrusively. F'or many years, Carl Payne Tobey published privately a pamphlet called Astra-statistics, which gained serious attention from statisticians and scientists. By using rigorous sta- tist.ical methods, he demonstrated the main premise of astrology--that people are products of, among other things, the time of their birth. His work is recognized in Huntin~ ton's (1938) book Season of birth, in which this Yale Uni- versity historian makes use of Tobey's graphs. Huntington traced a correlation between the movements of the planets and the recorded fates of several past civilizations. In a similar vein, Lewi (1968) notes that·Charles Jayne, Jr. di.scovered a connection between historical cycles and eclipse paths.

Goodavage (1968) reports that Dr. Bryant Tuckerman, o.[ the Institute for Advanced Study at Princeton, New Jer- sey, made a study of early Babylonian astrological computa- 14

.tions, checking them closely against history. Since the

Babylonians included a variety of data in the tablets which

survived them, including commodi·ty prices, Tuckerman's re-

search has a potentially fruitful base. Goodavage further

reports that. Glenn T. Seaborg, Chairman of the At.omic Energy

Comm:Lssion, has stated that the •ruckerman data could reveal

vi·tal information about modern economic cycles.

Goodavage (1968, p. 20) also quotes Dr. Harlan T.

Stetsen of the Massachusetts Institute of Technology, who

told the New York Electrical Society several years ago,

If these (celestial-terrestrial) relationships <::re not pure coincidence . . they may prove the beginning of two new sciences--solaristics and lunaris- t:i9s-:-sch~ntific ve;r-sions of mt~dieval astrology. By means of these it may be possible to prEc!di.ct the flux of business cycles and· the coming of earthquakes, as well as other phenomena.

It.: is important to note that this approach involves

two claims. rrhe first involves human beha·vior while the

second does not, and information about the former could

easily affect behavior itself, as in the "self-fulfilling

prophecy." Information about the latter Gannot similarly

affect i. t: that is, knmvledge of a forthcoming earthqut1ke will not, of itself, alter the onset. of the event. To

investigate the first hypothesis, it would be necessary to wi i:hhcld data ·to avoid conta.minatii1g the resnl ts.

Goodava9e ( 1968) has emphasized t.hat celestial

forc<-::s and f?.nergy fields surround people and dernonst.rate a variety of effects. Sunspots and solar flares, for 15

b1stance, have a strong effect on terrestrial weather and on the high altitude layer of charged particles, the iono sphere. Bio-climatologists have shown that positive and negative ions in the atmosphere affect the way people think, feel, and behave. Geomagnetism and electromagnetism, as well, influence plants, animals, and humans~ The moon itself apparently has important direct effects on .climate and living organisms.

Goodavage continues his speculations with such fac·ts as t:he magnetic properties of oxygen, which can be potentially influenced by geomagnet.ic and solar magnetic effects. Ot.her emana·tions from the sun and other stars, in the form of the high energy particles known as cosmic rays, are knmvn t·,o alt.er DNA and RNA, the hereditary and cellular controllo~lg factors found in living tissue.

Significantly, Goodavage believes that solar and terrestrial magnetic fields, as well as solar flares and sunspots, are affected by the position of the planets.

Thus, a theoretical bridge may exist between the planetary relationships described in astrology and earthly events.

· Scientists have long coriceded that celestial forces influence the weather. John Nelson, former radio weather forecaster for the Radio Corporation of illuerica (RCA) , acctr rately predict.cd wea·ther disturbances months in advance by t.he configti.rations of the planets. For example, he states that if the heavier planets, such as Saturn and Jupiter, are in 16

square aspect, the electromagnetic fields of the earth are

di~rupted and radio reception is disturbed. Because he can

pinpoint these aspects in advance, RCA can route radio

transmissions to areas where there is no disturbance.

Thus, RCA has for years used planetary positions to compute vital factors regarding their international network (Nelson,

19 51} •

Appr:Jac:hing the problem in a somewhat different way, Dr. Georgia Piccardi, Director of the Institute for

Physical Chemistry at the University of Florence in Italy,

has uncovered some remarkable evidence regarding the irnpor··

tance of the cosmos to human life. He and his colleagues

have found that wa-ter--the basis of life and the substance

of which 65 p2rcerit of the_ human body is composed--is

affected by solar explosions. Dr. Piccardi's fifteen years

of research in·to "cosmochemistry" have led to the following

conclusions: (l) Chemical reactions involving water change

with ·the relative positions of the earth, moon, and sun;

(2) when there are violent flares on the sun, chemical

reactions in the air are greatly accelerated; (3) the speed

of chemical reactions matches the eleven-year sunspot cycle

almost perfectly (Piccardi, 1962).

These findings are reminiscent of the theories of

SLr:omberg (1948). This astronomer felt th.at an organism's

structure is determiried by "electromagnetic living fields"

or nwave syst:ems. 11 It was ltis contention that a stabilizing 17

energy pattern is responsible for the morphology of life.

The idea of causality and determinism, which this line of iesearch concerns, requires further elaboration.

Most serious astrologers have given up the theory that planets exert a direct influence 6n ~undane events (Weir.

1975). For some time, Jung's theory of synchronicity, which links events in time rather than causally, was given serious consideration. Current research, hmvever, ·is beginning to point toward a field effect type of influence. According to

Weir, this can be regard,ed as a situation in which a body influences another body not because of their inherent quali ties, but because of modifications of the field in which they exist. An example occurs in Einstein's gravitational theory. in which it is hypothesized that gravity is a warp ing of space-time. Similarly, if the universe can be considered to be permeated by a field which affects organic chemical reactions, then the shielding effect of the sun or turbulences produced by the planets would be expected to change earthly events--not because of the direct effect of the sun cr planets, but because of their effect on the

field.

A perspective which may be useful in understanding such effects is convenient.ly derived from modern particle physics. Current thinking has it that particles can be described in terms of wave equations. Viewing particles as waves permits a variety of predictions; confirmed by 18 research, which would not otherwise be possible. As Capra

(1~,75) points out, this type of thinking is in line with the ancient concepts of matter elaborated by the Buddhists,

Hindus, and Taoists, all of w-hom had a.sophisticated astrol ogy. The idea of matter in vibration, with the ability to transmit influence much as light is produced by the thermal agit:ation of the electrical structure of atoms, provides yet anot:her possible approach to understanding the physical basis of astrology.

Vibration in matter has its parallel in human exis tence, according to such ancient wisdom as the Emerald tab let of He~~ (Stephen, 1970) . To further understand the nature of cosmic influences, astrologers have examined re

Search on periodicity in animal and plant life, and the synchronization of behavior with celestial events.

According to Mark_(l970), biologists have deter mined that all plants have a circadian, or daily, rhythm.

Plants which exhibit this rhythm markedly (as by folding their .leaves in the night) continue to do so when main

t.Etined in total darkness. Even the more subtle circadian

:rhyt.hms· involving cell division show evidence of the inter nalization of the "biological clock."

Animals, too, exhibit complex rhythmic cycles. Mark cit.ef..: von l?risc:h' s work with bees, which linked the direc tive 11 Ciance 11 to a twenty-·four hour cycle. Spawning behav ior, as in the palalo worm of the South Pacific, the nereid 19

tvorm of th.e Atlantic Coast of America, the grunion, and the salmon betray highly complex biological clocks which persist ¥7hen the organism is removed from his natural habi- tat and accustomed diurnal cues. Indeed, nocturnal animals, such as hamsters and rats, continue to exhibit a 11 normal" cycle when cut off from external time signals.

Humans experience periodicity as well. More humans, according to Hark, die between the hours of three and four in the morning than at any o·ther comparable interval. Tern perature, pulse, blood p~essure, and electrolyte levels all vary according ·to a circadian rhythm. Hormones, too, vary in concentration diurnally. Certain ·types of brain pathol ogy, such as Parkinson's disease and encephalitis, have been known to interfere with the natural cycles. Such ef fects on the cycle as those produced by "jet lag 11 are well known to travelers.

It is interesting to hypothesize a link between such rhythmic phenomena and the rhyt.hmic changes of the solar system. Brown (1962) reported some suggestive research in val ving oysters. A group of these shellf.ish was imported from Long Island Sound to a laboratory in Evanston, Illi nois. The oysters were placed in a controlled, darkened, uniform envi:r.omnent in.which they continued to exhibit the rhythm of oper1ing· and closing \vhich was associated with their accustomed tidal conditions. After the passage of a 20

few weeks, however, they changed their rhythm in response

to. what would have been the tidal cycle in Evanston, were

there an ocean present. He found that the oysters w·ere

sensitive to the passage of the moon over the local meri· dian.

Through continued experiments v7i th a number of spe

cies, Brmvn reached the conclusion that the moon does indeed

affect life rhythms. It must be remembered that his stu-

dies, which carne to involve such diverse organisms as car rots, potatoes, salamanders, and worms, Here conducted under careft:lJ.y-.regulated conditions which precluded lunar obser vations or the receipt of light fTom the moon by "conven-

tional" means.

Ot.her work has been done involving lunar cycles.

Ravitz (1960, 1963) 1 for example, atte:mpted to ascertain whether or not there was any credence to the origins of the word "lunatic" in aberrant behavior which fluctuates with

the lunar cycle. Ravitz utilized electroencephalography with norm&! individuals and mental patients, revealing a rhythmic variation in electrical potential. The greatest variat.ion existed between the new and full moon, and mental patients demonstrated this difference to a greater extent

than normals through greater agitated and symptomatic behavior, Ravitz has stated that he believes that the sun and moon S:2t off changes in terrestrial electromagnetic fields, tvhich then act on the force field in the body to alter 21

bioelectrical processes.

The idea of htunan rhythmic patterns was also investigated by Herman Swoboda, who announced the existence of such patterns over fifty years ago. Swoboda's work, which became the basis of the contemporary "biorhythm" movement, centered on the prediction of cyclical variations in feel~ ing and action. Thommen (1973, p. 14) quotes Swoboda as s·tating,

We will no longer ask "whyn man acts one v1ay or another, because we have learned to recognize that his action is influenced by periodic changes and that man 1 s reaction to an impression can be foreseen, or predicted, to use a strong~r term. Such a psy choanalysis could be called bionomy because, as in chemist.ry r.vhere the researcher can anticipate the outcome of a formula, through bionomy the psycholo

gist can anticipate, or predict 1 so to speak, the periodic changes in ma·n.

While much of the theoretical backgrormd for the biorhythm movement has been discredited, this movement has generated some research which is relevant to the study of astrolo~y as a means of predicting human behavior. {Gard- ner, 1975}.

Ost.rander and Schroeder (1972) have reported the efforts of Dr. Eugen Jonas, chief of a psychiatric out~ patient clinic in Czechslovakia, to develop a birth control method based on a biological rhythm calculated from a woman 1 s n&tal astrological chart. This completely natural method of contraception was based on the premise that a woman has two fert.ili t.y periods per mont:h instead of juf~t 22

one. Along with the ustfal monthly ovulation cycle, there

was a second fertility rhythm which could be determined

from birth t.ime. Jonas vievved infant sex-determination as

regulated by these cycles. His study of 1,252 women in

his clinic sho'Vred a 97.7 percent. success rate in avoiding

conception with this method. The work was replicated by

Dr. Kurt Rechnitz, a physician and professor of gynecology

in Budapest, ·who improved on the method and reported a 98.6

percent success rate.

Other physicians.have b~en utilizing astrological

computations in their dealings wi·th their patients--an

ancient practice brought up to date. Quigley (1969), for

instance, reported that Dr. Heber J. Smith, a physician,

often studied a patient's horoscope before a medical con

sultation. Unfortunately, no hard research data is avail

able on this fascinating area.

Gauquelin (1969) has also researched connections

bet.ween co::.~mic and physiological events. He carried out a

precise statistical survey of 25,000 professional-class

Europeans using only their exact birth time. He found that

the rising or zenith of particular planets corresponded with specific vocational choices. Thus, Mars was associ

ated with lnore scientists, doctors, athletes, soldiers,

and executives; but fewer writers, painters, and musicians.

Jupiter \vas associated with more team athletes, soldiers, ministers, actors, journalist:s, and playwrights; but fewer 23

solo athletes, scientists, and doctors. Saturn was associ

ated v:ith more scientists and doctors, but fewer actors,

painters, journalists, and writers. The moon was associ

ated with more ministers, politicians, and writers; but

·fewer athletes and soldiers. The probability of these as

sociations occuring by chance was about one in thirty

thousand, and the methodology has withstood. overtly hostile

criticism without being invalidated.

Gauqu2lin denied that the planets cause these

choices of life's work. He espoused a theory of "planetary

heredity" which claims that people inherit the t.endency ·to

be born when certain planetary configurations occur. The

idea that labor can be induced by the positions of the

planets seems extraordinary; however, if one considers the

remarkable biological clock research, as reported earlier,

the concept becomes more plausible.

'rhe use of astrology by medical and biological per

sonnel is only one signal of the emergence of a new breed

of astrologers. Their approach is humanistic, psychologi-

cal, and holistic. It signifies a concern for friends,

clients, and people in general (HcEvers, 1977).

Psychologist J. Marvin Spiegelman asserts that it

is necessary ". . for our psychological personalities to

become mm:e rnediumistic and for the mediumistic side to

become more psychological'' (Spiegelman, 1976, p. 121). In

keeping with this statement, we would like to suggest the 24

same thinking about psychology and astrology.

As a bridge between the hvo, psycholo9y can be con sidered subjective science and astrology, subjective engi neering. Aspects of astrological theory may then find t.heir way into psychological theory much as the insights of engineers have affected natural scientific theory. This can be accomplished by making astrologers more psychologi cally sophisticated and psychologists more astrologically aware. Such an arrangement would open the way for psycho· logical criticism of ho.r:-oscope interpretations and for validation of astrological principles by qualified, scien tifically trained observers.

Walter Koch is, according to Schulman (1976), one of the prominent astrologers especially concerned with the relationship between astrology and psychology. It is Koch's view that a link joining these disciplines would erase the stigma of "fortune telling" from as'crology and raise its study to a more serious level. Koch sees the use of symbol

ism, the overlapping meanings of "determinism 1 " the ancient concept of fate, and the use of heredity and environment for inputs as c01mnon ground between the behavioral sciences and astrology.

The psychologist would, of course, maintain that he is a "scientist." There are those who would claim that astrology is, if any'ching ot.her than a convenient mythology f an art and not a science. Doris Chase Doane (in Omarr, 1970) maintains that astrology is both. She contends that thou-

sands of years of empirical evidence have established con-

nections between certain mental factors and the aspecting

of particular planets. When ~1ars is aspected, for example,

one is said to become more aggressive than normal, unless

one has learned the discipline of sublimat.ing one's ener<;ries

into productive behaviors, in which case this type of aspect

can signal a rise in creative output. In this sense, as-

trology has an observational base and is not fatalistic.

The symbols of astrology, however, bridge the chasm

bE1t.ween science and art. Certainly, their use ln the horo- ·

scope is not greatly different from the use to which a

chemist puts the symbols of chemical shorthand. The inte:r-

pretation of symbols, on the other hand, involves both an

empirical~historical component and an intuitive component.

The utilization of intuition allows the astrologer to tap

the vast.: r2sonrces of what ..Tung (1964) termed the "collec·-

tive unconscious." Thus, the astrologer and psychologist meet on common ground--the applicat:ion of symbolic material which possibly pre-dates history and which manifests itself

at the deepest layers of the human mind. As the psycholo-

gist studies the meaning of dreams and hallucinations, so

the astrologer studies t.he meaning of symbolic configura-

tions in the horoscope. Here, both disciplines are art.

Furthermore, Quigley (1969) notes that a practitioner relies on t.he t.eachings of science combined wi 'ch experience and 26

intuition. That is, the physician combines the pronounce-

ments of medical science with his pel~sonal impressions,

just as the psychologist relies on experimental data as one

of the inputs in the clinical context. Similarly, the as-

. trologist relies on the computations of astronomy, the

accumulated observations of astrology, and personal judg-

ment.

According to McEvers (1977), Ray Merriman is one of

the psychologists who has found great value in the applica-

tion of astrology. He "irites,

After some study 1 including the two years of post graduate clinical psychology, I realized that all the things I wanted from psychology toward helping people I could do with the tool of the horoscope (McEvers, 1970, p. 19).

l'mother commentator, Isabell Hickey, who is consid-·

ered the founder of psychological astrology, stated r "'l'he

right use of astrology shows you what needs changing and

how to change" (Hickey, 1974,.Preface).

A widely recognized clinical psychologist, Ralph

1>1etzner (1970) repor:ts the uses t.o "ldhich he has put astral.;..

ogy. He believes that astrology will quickly become,

•.. an adjunct to psychology and psychiatry ..•. We have here a psychological typology and diagnostic asse::;sment device far exceeding in complexity and sophistication of analysis any existing system (Metzner, 1970, p. 70, 72).

Hetzner acknowledges that, as the system of as·trol~

ogy has no·t been fundamentally altered since the time of

~tolemy, it is necessary to examine it.: closely and possibly 27

arr~nd it through scientific analysis. He goes on to say,

however, t:hu. t,

• the framework of analysis--the three interlock

ing symbolic alphabets---zodiacal signs, "houses 1 " and "planetary aspects"--is probably better adapted t.o the complex variety of human nature than existing

systems of types, traits, motives, needs, factors 3 or scales (Hetzner, 1970, p. 73).

He ad.ds that,

. good astrologers are able to use their intuitive perceptions of a person so as to be able to give him, from t.he chart, the information he needs to take t.h8 next step (in overall development) . to point

out hidden potcntj.als 1 and thus give new directions for gro~.vt.h (Metzner, 1970, p. 88).

Rudhyar (1970) has focused on integrating astrology 1

psychological complexes, and emotional problems. He states,

The discussion of psychological complexes and emo·tionc:l problems proceeds fundamentally at the

.level of a psychological study of the whole person 1 and I believe it can bring t.o the reader interest.ed in a fuller understanding of his and others' charac~ ters valuable new insights regardless of whether or not he is a student of astrology. Yet astrology plays an essential part in the discussion and in this analysis of the causes and meaning of psychological frustca~ions, tensions, and blockages, in as much as it provides a structural frame of reference enabling us to establish, as it were, a map of the psychic li~e of a modern individual.

Astrology provides the "structure," psychology t.he "c::ontents" in this astro~psychological st~udy of human beings under conditions of stress and strain as well as in more basically harmonious situations; and, as I have often stated, these t.vlo factors, structure and contents, are needed in any thorough and incl~sive study of any form of existence, be it bio logical, psychological, social, or even cosmic (H.udh:{ar, 1970, p. 7).

In all of Rudhyar's work there exists a preoccupa- t.:ion ~vith the integration of .various fields of human 28 knowledge into a consistent, well organized total, and a de~ire to develop foundations of thought necessary for the development of a global society. In this context, his main desire has been to develop a theory of nhumanistic" astrology. He felt that this would bring a controversial body of knowledge to a level of thought at which it could be fully accepted. He broadens astrology by including the teachings of oriental philosophy ana Jungian psychology (Rudhyar,

1972).

Rudhyar does caution his readers to realize that as·t.rology proceeds in a way fundamentally different from science. The latter utilizes exclusion, dealing with the characteristics of large groups. The former utilizes inclusion, " ... relating every phenomenon of life to a few fundament.al principles considered to be universally valid" (Rudhyar, 1970, p. 9).

Carl ,Tung, one of the luminaries in the analytic approach to clinical psychology, endorsed astrology and made a number of favorable references to it in his collected works. He recognized numerous parallels be·t>:iJeen astrology and psychology, and utilized horoscopes delineated by a member of his staff to gain insight into the basic individual character.

According to Schulman (19 7 6, p. 150) ,

Jung 1 S views on the collective unconscious and arche types made him particularly interested in the richness of zodiacal symbolism and also the cultural 29

significance attached to those astrological eras brought about by the precession of equinoxes."

In his studies on personality, Jung used astrology.

He wrote¥ "Human personalities coincide in the most remarkable way with traditional astrological expectations'' (Jung in Goodavage, 1968, p. 27).

Jung found that people born under the same sign have di,stinct personality traits in common. According to

Goodavage (1968), Jung conducted many experiments involving astrology and married couples. In one such study, he examined the astrological charts of one.hundred couples, of which ninety eight were "happily married." The other two couples were used as a control, and were not married. Jung correctly matched the ninety eight couples using the infer- mation in their charts. He also matched the controls and, coincidentally, these individuals were later m~rried. Two couples, of course, comprise a very small control group.

For statistical and methodological reasons, Jung did not view this study as in any way conclusive. As Parker and Parker {1971) state, however, the significance of Jung's research is that one of the world's great scientific think- ers regarded astrology with sufficient interest to not only test it, but include it in his own cosmological theories.

One of the Jungian concepts which has already been mentioned is that of synchronicity. Omarr (1975) incorporated this ldea in his definition of astrology. Briefly, 30 synchronicity posits that all things in t.he universe are interrelated, and that relationships are neither coinci dental nor causal. Things "go with" one another, much as is visualized in Chinese Taoism. There is, from this view point, no need to rely on mechanis-tic-laws of action and reaction. Events become connected through subjective mean ing, which can be expressed in such diverse activities as astrology, the tarot, and other ancient .methods of divina tion.

O~arr sees synchronicity as a way to avoid linking astrology with fatalism. Thus, it is unncessary to claim t.hat planets "cause" people to behave in certain ways.

Ra.ther, connections, or correspondEmces between planetary positions and human behavior are all that need be estab lished.

The search for examples of apparently synchronous events led Jun(J to another study involving married couples.

This research involved nearly five hundred couples and, con- sequently, a thousand horoscopes. Individuals were paired in various Hays and comparisons wen~ made between the indi vidual's chart, spouse's chart, and the charts of others in the sample. Jung reported many interesting correspon donces, such as t.he frequent occurrence in married couples of the woruan's moon in conjunction with the man's sun. The sun and moon are, of course, frequent symbols of mascu linity and femininity in oriental religions (Jung, 1955). 31

Through intervie\1S with astrologers such as Joan

McEvers, Marion March, Robert Pelletier, and Helene Wood- man, we learned that. there is a belief in astrological circles that astrology can be used as a tool in marriage counseling. By examining and comparing astrological natal charts of two partners~ poten·tial areas of conflict and compatibility can be determined. The two popular methods for accomplishing this comparison( composite charting and synastry, will be discussed in Chapter Three.

Barbara Sprague, a noted astrologer and writer, has this to say about the use of astrology in raising awareness of compatibility and conflict.

Astrology has a practical application in resolv ing marital discontent since it specifically deals with ma·tters of human behavior( character, personal ity, and mutual associations. The proper application of astrological factors can provide great insights into the functioning of personali- . ties. In this sense astrology can help a marriage by pinpointing· areas of agreement, harmony, con· flj.ct, discontent, arid cooperations in a relation ship describing the directions necessary to improve the life one shares with another. (Sprague, 1977, p. 40-42)

We conclude from the existing literature that there is abundan:t evidence to suggest tha.t astrology may be a valj.d tool in counseling. There is, however, very little research of acceptable scientific quality--a need for which was seen by Jung and other serious scholars. We feel that it is appropriate to begin a rigorous scientific investigation of astrology, a.nd that the area of rnari tal compatibi.l- ity is one in which the use of astrology may lead to both 32

,important theoretical implications and aid to troubled

human beings. CHAPTER 3

METHOD

General Overview of Hethod

Ten married couples were given the Marriage Adjust- rnent Inven-tory (HAT) (Manson and Lerner, 1962) by two mem<-: bers of the Research Team (RT). Five of the couples had the i.nst.rument administered by the RT in person, on which oc- casion informal observations of the interactions within the couple as the task was completed were noted by the RT. The remaining five couples rBceived the instrument and instruc- t.ions by mail.

All ten couples furnished birth time and birth place information for bqth partner~. The third member of the

Research Team (R) utilized these data to qenerate astrologi- ~ - cal charts for both partners. The two charts for a gi ver1 couple were considered together.

The two members of the RT who administered the MAI remained blind with respect to the results of the astrological delineation until the conclusion of the study. Simi- larly, the ~ who prepared the astrological charts and th~ir in·terpr:etation remained blind with respect to the MAI data.

The data for each couple from the MAI were inter- p.:n;:~te.J. by ·the RT who administered it in both a quantitative and qualitative fashion. 'l'he raw ~core for t.he couple vms 34

used to generate a rank order of couples in terms of mari

tal compatibility. A rank order was also generated from

the astrological data by the ~who prepared the horoscopes.

These bvo rank orders ~were compared· by means of a scatter

gram and were tes·ted for correlation by Spearman's rank

order correlation coefficient (iho), the significance of

which was tested with Student's t. •rhis procedure was also

.conducted using rank orders obtained by combining the

quantitative data with a clinical appraisal based on ans

wers to specific items, .which were interpreted in terms of

presumed conflict.

Data from the MAI were utilized by the members of

the t.eam who administered the instrument to generate a sum

w.ary st.atemerct for each couple which predicted likely areas

of ma.ri tal incompatibili t.y. The R who delineated the as

trological charts prepared a similar statement for each

couple. Statements were coded with random number sequences

and copies were exchanged so that the RT who administered

the MAI and the R who prepared the horoscopes could inde··

pendently attempt to match the summary statements by couple.

'l'he R'r who adininistered the test. instrument included t:heir

clinical obse:rvat.ions of the ten couples on which it was

possible t.o make such observations in attempting to match

couples. 'l'he number of correct matches achieved by this

method was compared to the probability of obtaining ·that.· or .I a greater number of correct matches by chance using the 35

binominal expansion f·or ten events wi t..h independent prob

. ability of success of 0.1.

Subject Selection

Criteria for subject selection consisted of being

married, willing to take the MAI and in possession of ac

curate birth time and place information for both members of

the couple. More than ten couples were originally to be

used in the study; hm-vever, time cons·traints in the prepa

ration of the astrological charts resulted in restricting

the present work to ten ··couples. Subjects were recruited

through acquaintances of the members of the eX'"~erimental

team who knew of couples that met the criteria and would

be interested in participating. Couples in which one or

more of the partners were classified as developmentally

disabled or were in treatment for psychosis or other severe

mental disorder were excluded.

Test Inst1·ument

In order to obtain the most valid measure of man.

tal compatibility available, fifteen psychologists and fam-·

il.y counseling services were cont.acted. In addition, such

professional organizations as the American Psychological

Association and the National Council on Family Relations

vJerE~ asked to suggest instruments which might serve the

needs of this study. Tests which were suggested were fur

ther researched by reference to the appropariate literature 36 and consultation with psychologists who use testing in their work. The MAI, despite limitations which will be subsequently discussed, appeared to be the most suitable of the instruments recommended.

According to the originators of the instrument,

The construction of the Marriage Adjustment In ventory (MAI) began with the selection of some 600 items from varied sources, including tests, ques tionnaires, publications relating ~o marriage and i·ts problems, clinical experiences, and interviews with professional workers from several different disciplines . . these items were screened and the most significant adapted for use in preliminary question surveys (Manson and Lerner, 1962, p. 3).

Two hundred fifty-five items "survived" the original screening, and this nurr.ber was subsequently reduced to the 157 that comprise the present MAI.

Each item or question problem is phrased nega tively to point up some at·ti tude, feeling, or be havioral attribute that would presumably m~ke for marital unhappiness or maladjustment. Following each item are the letters H-W. By circling H or W, or HW the individual indica-tes if the husband or wife, or both, possess this negative characteristic. The sum of the circles applying to self is the SE {self evaluation) and the sum of circles applying to the mate is the SPE (spouse evaluation) score. The sum of the HW circles (supposedly characteristic of both spouses) is the H-\'JE (husband-wife evaluation) score. The TE (total evaluation) is the sum of all circled responses. In addition to these four major scores, 48 "cluster" scores may also be determined for each person completing the form (Buros, 1965, p. 929).

The quantitative approach to the data involved the use of·the Total Evaluation (TE) score. The qualitative appraisal involved, for each of twelve 11 clusters" of responses (family relations, dominance, immaturity, neurotic 37

traits, ·sociopathic traits, money management, children, interests, physical, abilities, sexual, incompatibility), tabulating ·the number of responses, percent of possible responses, number of agreements between spouses, percent of agreements, nurnber of disagreements between spouses, percent of disagreements, number of partial agreements between spouses, percent of partial agreement, number of questions answered by one spouse but not the other, and percent of these questions. Such tabulation for each couple facili tated formation of a clinical opinion about the type of problems the couple might face in their marital relat.ion-· ship. Such an opinion can be compared with predicted areas of conflict obtained by astrology for the same twelve areas.

There are certain difficulties with this instru ment, including the lack of reliable data, the fact that validation -;;.vas done against. self-ratings and marital status, the lack of cross-validation for the population studied, the lack of a st.atement of relat.ionship between the clus ters and their unequal nu:rr.bers of items, t.he lack of in formation on the variance of the inst.nunent, the arnbigui ty of items (many of which require follow-up interviews to in sure understanding of the answers) , a.nd the fact that the test deals only with negativity and does not consider pos· sible successful conflict resolution strategies.

Neve:>:-theless, as stated by Clifford 'I'. Adams, Pro fessor of Psychology at Pennsylvania St.ate University, 38

The paucity c£ test materials in the field of mar riage counseling justifies the experimental use of the MAI. In spite of its many reservations the ~1AI is a \vel come addition to the armentari nm of the counselor and therapist (Buros, 1964, pp. 929-930).

'l'he ~1A.I will be found in Appendix A, and the cover letter sent-out to the couples will be found in Appendix B.

The example of ·the worksheets used to make the clinical evaluations from the data bf the test questions, will be found in Appendix C.

Astrological Procedures

In order to predict compatibility from horoscopes of each marital partner, it was necessary to establish a philosophical base which was consistent with astrological

analysis. Thus 1 compatibility was seen as dependen·t on the. willingness of both partners to establish a ground for cooperation and respect for one another. An intimate rela~ tionship is a very special one, for there must be harmony, love, respect, and admiration in physical and sexual areas, in emotional areas, and in the sphere of the intellect. The qualities of the relationship affect the partners' character develop~ent, and the personalities of the partners affect the relationship. The level of compatibility is determined, then, by bot.h the partners' responses to each other and their responses to the marriage as an entity in itself.

Astrology provides a basis for understanding the compatability and conflict in the relationship. As noted 39

by Sprague·(l977, p. 40), "Astrology has a practical appli cation in resolving marital discontent since it specifically dealS vd th matterS Of human behaViOr 1 Character 1 perSOnality and mutual associations." To examine the strengths and weaknesses of the individual partner and the areas where

the two are in harmony or discord 1 the method of synastry was used. This involved thoroughly examining the nat:al charts of each partner, subsequently placing each partner's planets around the chart of the spouse for comparison and, ultimately, creating a composite chart using the midpoints of both the husband and wife and examining all of the as pects together. The composite chart shows quickly and accurately the strengths and weaknesses of a relationship in a way that the natal charts' comparison cannot. This method discloses both the mundane aspects of the relationship and the major events in the lives of the partners. Positive and negative concerns are conspicuous, and the trained indi vidual can focus on problems in ·the relationship and provide useful advice for the couple regarding possible remedies.

ThH points of focus in the cha:cts were the planets in their signs and the aspects that they made with each other.

Particular attention was given to the three most powerful planets (the sun, the moon, and the individual planets that rules the ascendant, which is the ruler of the chart) and their aspe~ts. The major aspects utilized in the astrologi cal rnetl10d were conj unct.ion and opposition, which indicat.e 40

strong bonds between partners. The trine, square, and sex

tile denote weaker bonds; inconjunctions point to adjust ments. Those planets falling in the first, fourth, seventh,

and tenth houses, \vhich are the angles of a chart, have the

gre~test signifi~ance, although the others are not dis

counted.

In comparing the individual charts .• the follovling

steps were employed:

1. The chart patterns, such as the bucket, bowl,

splay or splash, were noted and compared.

2. The house positions of the planets were com pared to see what each person was bringing to the relation ship in terms of houseplacement.

3. The aspects were related, allowing no more than a 5 degree orb and, where possible, less.

The composite charts were subj ec·ted to a series of steps whose efficacy is corroborated by Hand (1976), and which may be summarized as follows:

1. Evaluation of nat~l charts for rulers and as pects to the first and seventh houses so as to evaluate the capaci t.y to enter into a relationship, expectations regard-· ing relationships, and types of persons found attractive.

2. Evaluations of patterns and configurations of the planets in the individual charts.

3. Determination of aspects and houses of the com posit.e sun, moon, ascendant; and Mercury. 41

4. Discovery of any stellium, that .is, a group of four or more planets ina house, emphasizes that particular house.

5. Observation of house positions and aspects to

Venus, ruler of the female, and Mars, ruler of the male, in each chart.

6. Determination of aspects involving planets near the four angular house cusps.

7. Observation of activity involving the primary houses of relationships: the first, fifth, seventh, and elevent:h.

8. Determination of the binding force in the relationship by observing the house positions and the aspects to Saturn.

9. Contemplation of whatever factors remain unac-- counted for in the.charts.

According to Hand (1976, p. 34).

For love and/or marital relationships, check the signs of the cusps of the fifth and sevehth houses as well as the aspects, the rulers of those houses, and t:'1e planets contained in t~hem. These all help to describe the kind of person whom the native is likely to be attracted to and the kind of relation ship that they will have. In sexual relationships, anot:her very important factor is the condition of the planets that are opposite in sex from the native. For men, these are moon, Venus, and Neptune; for r,.1omen, they are the sun and Mars in particular, and th(~rc is some evidence that Uranus may be impo:ctant in fo:n:ning a ·woman's men·tal image of men. Difficult Saturn aspects can cause a feeling of being weighed down or depressed and having added responsibilites. However, to have a lasting relationship, look for a 42

harmonious Saturn tie. Any tie is better than none if y"ou want· the relationship to last. Also house positions of the sun often draw people together, · even though they may be in different signs. 'l'hese .house positions are very important.

In the present study, the structure of the clinical instrument, \vith its 157 questions divided into twelve clusters, each purporting to relate ot a specific aspect of the relationship, required that the astrological analysis give consideration of each distinct cluster. Therefore, questions in each cluster which were relevant to astrological analysis parameters were compared with the appropriate aspects. Comparisons involved the husband's natal chart and how he felt abou.t each area and his impression of his wife's feelings about each area; the wife's natal chart and how · she feels about each area and her impressions of the hus-- band's feelings about each area; and t.he composite chart, in which husband and wife impressions of the relationship were integrated. Thus, each of the 157 questions had to be interpreted six times. The twelve clusters may be character- ized astrologically as follows:

1. Family relations: compatibility within the

family involving the rulers of, planets in 1 and relationships between houses 1, 4, 5 1 7, 9, and 11. Sun and moon aspects were also considered.

2. Dominance: which partner is strongest in the relation~hip, involving who has the strongest first house position in relation to the seventh house position. Also 43

considered were aspects and angularity of sun, Saturn,

·Pluto, Uranus, or Mars, and whether Venus was positioned

behind.the sun.

3. Immaturity: Assumption of responsibility by

each partner in the relationship 7 as indicated by the

rulers of, planets in, and relationships between houses 1,

2, and 5. Also considered were sun, moon, Mercury, Saturn,

Neptune, and Uranus aspects.

4. Neurotic Traits: Basic insecurities and

anxieties of each partner, as pointed out by Saturn, Nep-

tune, Mercury, and twelfth house aspects, as well as moon-

Venus relationships for the wife and sun-Mars relationships

for the husband, Venus, the anima or female sign, if found

in a male sign in the husband's chart or Mars; the animus

or male s.i.gn, if found in a female sign in the vlife' s chart

can represent difficulties in personality integration.

This is part of the individuation process in understanding

the opposite sex.

5. Sociopa_!:hic 'I':r:~i-ts: Unaccept:able social behav-

ior of either partner as seen in the imbalance of the ele-

ments and qualities of the chart.~ the seventh and t.welfth

houses, and the aspects of ~1ars, Saturn, Uranus, Mercury,

and Neptune.

s1.res to take care of financial rnatters. This involves

focusing on the rulers and the planets in the second and 44

eighth houses. The location of Venus in the angles or in the: cardinal signs, Aries, Cancer, Libra, and Cap:r'icorn, is also important to note here. The over-aspecting of

Jupiter indicates indulgence of each partner in money matters.

7. Children: Which partner desires, enjoys, or is possessive of children is seen in the rulers of, planets in, and aspects to houses 1, 4, 5, 10, and 11.

8. Interests: Areas such as art, sports, music, and clothes are reflected in houses 1, 5, and 11. The location of Jupiter and·aspects to Mercury are also noted.

9. ?hysic~l: Personal appearance of each partner involves the fi.rst and sixth house, and aspects of moon,

Mercury, and Neptune.

10. Abilities: Capabilities of each partner or the areas in v.rhich they compete are considered here.. These are determined by rulers of and aspects ·to the second and fifth houses, location of major planets in the tenth house, and the position of Uranus.

11. Sexual: Concerns in this area are seen in individual charts by observing houses 5, 8, and 12. Mars- sun relationships indicate acute sexual encounters. Venus-

Uranus relationships indicate magnetic and lasting sexual relationships. Venus-Mars aspects and aspects involving

Uranus, mQon, Neptune, and Pluto, must also be considered. 45

12. Inco~vatibility: Focusing on whether there is a desire to remain married is seen in the twelfth house, sun-n~on ascendant relationship~, oppositions and squares between personal planets of one partner and Mars, Saturn,

UrapuS 1 or Pluto of the other partner. Certain aspects of

Neptune can signal excessive idealism which may result in unrealized expectations. Poor communication may be seen in the aspects of Mercury. The third house and inconjunct.ions to planets therein must also be considered.

In appr~ising the overall compatibility, perhaps the strongest tie that can be consider~d is that which is indicated by good aspects from the ascendant of one partner to the sun of the other. Other strong ties may also be indicated by good aspects between the sun of one partner and the moon of the other, or between the rulers of t.he partners 1 charts.

Limiting factors on the astrological portion of this study involved the need to get accurate birth times and the amount of time required for t.he delineation of each couple.

With respect to the latter, six hours were required for each natal chart. Ten hours were required for the comparison of pJ.anets from one natal chart to the other, including deline ation of aspects. Six hours were required for the construc tion and in·tcrpretation of t:he composite chart. Thus r ap proximate1y twenty-eig-ht hours were involved in the complete astrological assessw.ent of each couple. 46

Ultimately, the entire chart must be grasped by the petson engaging in the interpretation as a whole.

A list of the planets, and related terminology, will be found in Appendix D. lm example of the worksheets of the astrological evaluations of a couple will be found in

Appendix E. Chapter 4

RESULTS

The evaluations generated by the test data for each couple were used by the RT v1ho admin3_stered the tests to establish a rank order of couples in terms of marital compatibility. The astrological data for each couple were used by the ~ ·who prepared this data to create a comparable rank order. These rank orders were compared using Spear- man's rank order correlation coefficient, resulting in a rho of .53. At-test was conducted to d8termine the sig~ nificance of -this correlation coefficient. The computed value of t (with eight degrees of freedom) \vas 1. 76 r which is not siqnificant at the .05 level. A scattergram, depict:ing the comparison of the two rank orders, appears in

Figure 1, below.

Test Resul t.s 10 • '

9 10 Ast.rological Analysis

Figure 1 ., Scattergram Comparing Rank Orders.

47 48

An attempt was made by the RT who had administered the test instruments and the R who interpreted the horoscopes to independently match descri.ptions of the couples resulting from test evaluations and astrological analysis.

The RT who administered the test were blind \vi th respect to the identities of the couples described in the astrological analysis, and the R who performed the astrological analysis was blind with respect to the identities of the couples described in the test evaluations. The RT who ad-

minist:ered t.he tests 1 working toget.her 1 correctly matched eight of the ten test-based and astrologically-based evaluations. 'l'he independent ~~ who had conducted the astrologi- · cal analysis, correctly matched five of the ten couples.

It was necessary to compute the probabili·ty of arriving at five or more and eight or more correct matchings of ten i terns by chance. 'fhis was accomplished with reference to a theoretical probability distribut.:ion which was computed in t:.he following manner:

The total number of arransements of ten items was

taken as the factorial of ten (3 1 628 1 800). 'I'he number of

\vays of achieving n match,~s \vas tc:.ken as the number of com- 10! . binat.ion of ten i terns taken n at. a time (c10 = -·-----·--) n n! (lO~n) ! multipliad by the number of possible arrangements of the tmmat:ched .:!.terns ( [10- (n+l)]!). Dividing the number of way}> of a.dlieving n matches by the total number of possible arrangw,:mts prodtv~es the pr.obabili ty of obtaining n matches 49

by chance~ The probability of obtaining five or more matches by chance is then the sum of the probability of obtaining five matches, six matches, seven matches, eight matches, nine matches, and ten matches. This figure was

less than .002. The probability of obtaining eight or more matches by chance, similarly, is the sum of the probability of obtaining eight matches, nine matches, and ten matches.

This figure was less than .000015.

As can be seen, the resu1ts of the matching pro cedure are highly significant when compared against the probabilit:y of obtaining similar resul·ts by chance.

Code .numbers, rank orders, theoretical probability distribution and actual matching for each couple will be found in Appendix F'. Chapter 5

SUMlfi..ARY AND CONCLUSIONS

The results of the correlation procedure do not support the hypothesis that astrology can predict the rela tive amount:: of marital incompatibility, as defined by test scores on the Marriage Adjustment Inventory (MAI), for a given set of couples. It is, however, evident that the sample size was quite srpall and we feel that, al·tho'..lgh the correla·tion was not. significant, it was large enough to justify interest in future research using a larger sample.

The use of ra\v scores f:rom the MAI may also have been a fact:or in the failure t.o confirm this hypothesis. 'l'he scoYes reflect only negative respor1ses and do not allow examinat.ion of coping mechanisms which may temper some areas of alleged conflict. Further, there are no controls for denial or misrepresentation by the subjects. Thus, subjects Hi th J.otrJ' raw scores could have actually been problem-free or denying problems precisely because of their considerable salience. High scores could have indicated marital st.:.ress or an a·ttempt to be honest, self-·probing, and conscientious on the part of insightful (and therefore possibly compatible) couples.

In general, reliance on self reports in sensitive areas is questionable, and future research efforts should

50 51 involve consideration of an al·ternative means to rate compatibili·ty. It might, for example, be useful to use astro-

16gical profiles to rank order couples who have been divorced and determine correlation with a rank order de~· rived from the length of time that the couples remained married. Other compa·tibili ty assessment techniques, which will be discussed later, could also be employed to generate rank orders.

The significance of the results obtained from the matchin-g procedure, which used profiles deriVed from t.he overall pat.t.~:3rn of MAI responses, is consistent vli th the hypothesis that.astrology can be used to make certain kinds of predictions about the type of problems a married couple ro.ay exper.H~nce. Astrology may, then, have valuable app1i- cations in the counseling setting. Pre-marital advisement, for example, could be enhanced by examining the charts of the prospective marital partners. Astrological assessments, like traditional test instruments, can allow the counselor to focus on critical issues early in the counseling pro-

cess j rather than ·;;,...ai ting for them to emerge spontaneous1y.

.,.... a.ffecb-:d by denials 0 .... repression by the couple could be brought to the Eurface in the course of discussing the indications provided by the horoscopes. An interesting side effect o£ the application of astrology in counseling is the possible decrease in the clients' feelings that they are afflicted b}; pat:holo9y, wit:h resulting guilt feelings and 52

st.igma. The fact that, to some extent, the couple's prob-

lems were predictable may relieve some of the self-loathing

and hopelessness that can accompany high levels of marital

conflict.

On the other hand, care must be taken by the ·ther:'a-

pist to interpret astrological findings in such a way that

there is no sense of determinism, with concurrent sacrifice of sense of responsibility for the patients' own condition

and life. Clearly, the counselor '.vho attempts to use astrology in his practice must have:~ a compet.ent grasp of

such issues as caus".lli ty and s~ynclu;·onici ty, as outlined earlier in this study.

With respect to the matching procedure, it is of

.inteTest: to note that the two of tile five couples mi.s- matched by. the -R, as a result of similarities in their charts, have experienced parallels in their lives. Shared characteristics and events include, but are not limited to, the following: both couples have moved within the last

three months; both husbands have made drastic career changes; both wives are actively pursuing their studies; and both >dives marr·ied men s~~veral years younger than them-

Some gc:neral observations on the methodology em- played in this study are helpful for understanding the stud~

its limitations, and potential concerns for future investi- gators. As mentioned earlier, problems existed with the 53

MAI. While practitioners in the field, who were queried by us, indicated that no instrument superior to MAI existed, and despite ease of administration and the fact that literature reviewing the instrument is cautiously opti mistic, there appear to be some drawbacks inherent in its use in the research setting.

For example, no reliability data were furnished by the designers of the test. The content and face validities, while approved by a pool of mental health professionals, are open to question, particularly given the state of the art in the field of marital compatibility. In the develop ment of the instrument, it was given to populations whose rnarit.al compatibility could be estimated by independent means. '.I'hus, divorced people (20 percent of the sample) tvho '\ver'2 asked to take the instrument were regarded as ex emplifying people with a low order of compatibility. The fact that subjects were already divorced, ho~lever 1 suggests that their responses in retrospect might have been differ ent from :responses that would have been g·iven immediately prior to the decision to separate. This calls into ques tion the assumption thai: high scores on ·the instrument are associated 1,vith low levels of compatibility.

Additionally, some of the clusters are represented by a small n1..1.mber of questions, while others are represented by 1ar1:Jer numbers. Dominance, for example, consisted of si.x items, while immaturity consisted of twenty-eight. This 54

raises some questi6ns as to the validity of the under represented clusters, and the proper weighting of clusters in forming an overall appraisal of the couple's relation ship. Information derived from the small clusters was often sufficiently non-specific about the nature of prob lems to be applicable to several of the ~etailed astrologi cal profiles.

The m.~gati ve frame of reference employed by the inventory clashed with the style of analysis utilized in astrology, for this style is not restricted to the measure-· ment of conflict, as is_the inventory. Astrological style also favors a holistic impression~ which was notably lack ing in the inventory. Furthermore, while the inventory deals with a specj.fic moment in time, astrology deals with long-term trends and underlying precipitative factors.

The inventory could not identify outlets for con flict or mitigating positive factors, as can astrology.

Indeed, ·the positive things about a relationship which can be pointed out by astrology might be quite produc·ti ve in the counseling environment, as compared to blanket, nega· tive evaluations of the kind provided by the l\1AI. The results of the present study suggest that astrology may be a valid supplement to, or could supplant, pathology-oriented

It should also be noted that the twelve clusters utilized by 'the V.JU are not inherent in astrology, and, - __:______...... ;.~

while t:here is overlap in topics to which attention is directed, astrology covers a va,ster area of human traits and intf:raction which is not easily reduced to compartments.

It is also a property of astrology that it is not contami nated by the subjects' concept of an "ideal marriage." The self-report basis of the MAI limits the credence which may be attributed to the responses. As clinical psychologist

Les Maverin stated to us, "Most tests are influenced by

1 \vhat marriage should be, 1 not what it actually is." 'l'he tes·t, since i 'c is based on the test-taker 1 s knmvledge, can· not really tell him anything he does not already know (al though it can direct attention to previously unattended to areas). Astrology, on the other hand, can provide informa tion he might: not have otherwise had, for t:he data origi-· nates outside the experiences of the subject. Thus, the

'cest is perhaps best reserved as a screening· instrument, or a very rough first approximation of what i:he couple and counselor need to know. This is Maverin's position.

In considering ·the matchinsr portion of the study, it is important to note that alternative procedures '"muld have added credibility to the results. ~1ile strict controls were maintained to insure the internal validity of the st:udy •. added cont.rols would be desirable in future research because of the unexpected levels of success in matching.

One alternative would have involved using several indivi duals, blind to all aspects of the experimental procedure 56

and the origins of profiles describing couples, and unac

quainted with the couples, to match astrological profiles

.with profiles generated from compatibility measure(s).

Inter-matcher reliability could be calculated.

It was our feeling that brief interviews with sub

jects at the time they were recruited or tested often

offered more insight into some aspects of the fur.ctioning

of the couples than the test instrument.. In future

research, consideration should be given to the use of struc

·tured in·te.rviews, either alone or as a supplement to test

measures. The nature of the assessment derived from face-

to-face contact resembles ·the st.yle of astrology more than

a test llke the !>1AI. Obj ecti vi ty could be maintained by

videotaping intervie\vB and having the assessments prepared

by a group of independent professionals, who would view the

tapes. Audio tapes could be substituted, with some data

loss .. Inter-rater reliability could be established, and

there would be separation of the roles of interviewer and

assessor.

In addition to clinical interviews, such means as

interviewing friends and relatives (with the permission of

the subject~.;), long term observation in the home (similar to

•,-1hat. ant.hropologists might: do in a foreign culture) , and

o·ther test ins·tx:uments (including individual personality

measure:::) could impTove the likelihood of accurately evalu

al."..ing astrology 1 s ability to contribute t~o the field and, 57 possibly, of separating those areas in which astrological predictions are consistently valid from those which are d~scribed with less success.

It was necessary for us to recognize the role that intuition played in the matching procedure. Hypotheses about the couples based on the limited information supplied by the :P.lAI could be he]_pful or misleading. They could no-t be "checked out" with the couple, as could be accomplished in a clinical interview forrnat:.

There are also some considerations regarding the astrological procedure. It would be highly desirable to employ several astrologers, in order to get a reliability est.imate for this measure. 'I'he use of computers for all or part of u_,e mechanical operations would also facilitate rese.:n:ch, as the number of subject~: who can be used is vastly increased.

Can the astrologers, then, work with the counselor?

The results of this study and current. developments in the field lead to the inescapable conclusion that this relation ship must be seriously studied; using all of the research t:echniques of the behavioral sciences. Already, the ethics of the merger have been discussed. in various forums. Clini cal psychologist Darrell Martinie, for exanple, suggested at -t:"he Amex:ican Federation of Astrologers convention in Las

Ve9as, 1977, that very rigorous analysis should apply to emerging :r-esearch in this area. He indicated that two 58

standards should exist for astrological consultants~ (1}

Astrologers cannot help the mentally or emotionally ill but,

J:>y promoting recognition of the fact that there is a prob lem, can facilitate their getting help. (2) Once psycho logical therapy has begun, the astrologer should dissociate himself from the relationship.

The results of this study, however, suggest that the relationship need not be so limited. The counselor him solf ma.y become sophisticated in the use of astrological technology, for instance. The us~ of such techniques as progression and transits of charts may permit focusing on irnmediate stresses and opportunities, supplementing the gen· eral indications of the natal horoscopes. This hypothesis needs to be tested. In any event, the astrologer can con sult directly with the therapist, who maintains the only contact "''ith ·the client. This avoids any conflic·t or sug gestion of "fortune telling."

Precisely how a counselor will use astrological information will likely depend on his theoretical orienta tion. l-m analyst for example, may attend t.o t.hose aspects of a profile which deal with psycho-sexual development and areas v;rhich might have been vulnerable to early psychologi cal tra0ma. A Jungian might look for relationships between dissociated parts of the personality, or archetypal indi c~n:J_ons. An exist.entialist may see evidence of the inten tion of the client, as well as those forces and tendencies 59

which the client must overcome to define the meaning of his

life. An analytical orientation is likely to produce a more

causal interpretation than an existential orientation, given

the lat·ter' s attitude toward det.erminism. The behavioral

counselor's attitude toward the causes of behavior might

have him searching charts for possible areas where rein-

forcers would be particularly salient, either for the purpose of inducing change or identifying vlhat in the environment is maintaining a maladaptive behavior. In summary, the .results of this study indicate that astrology may be able to play an important role in counsel-

ing and rmychotherapy. The possibili t.ies and limitations must be explored in depth. Such exploration was not pos-

sible in the current research desi9ni hm•7ever, this study

should contribute to the invalidation of the no-tion that astrology is mere superstition--the primitive assertions of a child-like mind. With this mistaken notion laid to rest,

justification exists for the allocation of resources to

further scientific investigation. BIBLIOGRAPHY 61

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Richter 1 Carroll, The astJ.:-ological guide to marriaq2 and family relations.·-- New· York:· . c;·-~·-P.-Putnum&Soiis ,---· 1-:9'6 9-:--·------

Roberts, Joseph. Do opposites attract or repel? Horo ,:?_~OJ2~~, July 1971, pp. 19-24; 36.

Hobertson, Marc. Sex mind and habit compati.bili t:y. '\lash· ington: Astrology Center o:fthe North.west.-;--1975.

Robson, Vivian E. An astrological guide to your sex life, New Ycrk: Ar<'i- Books,---1963. ·

Rogers, Carl R. On becominq ~-r_ers~~· Boston~ Houghton Mif~lin Co., 19~1.

Rudhyar, Dane. The astrology of personality_. The Hague: Servire, 196·3':··------'

Baltimore, HD; 67

Rudhyar, Dane. Humanistic astrology. :?\quarian Ag:~pt, .19711 pp. 4-5.

The practice of c:strology. Baltimore, MD: Penguin Books, 1971.

The astrological houses. New York: Doubleday & ---co:-; Inc.,- 1972. ------·

Sakoian, Frances, & Sacher, Louis. Astrology of human rela- !:.~ onships . Nevl York : Harper & Row, 19 7 3. ------

Sargent, Lois Haines. How to handle your human relations. Washington, D.C.: American-Federation of Astrology,- 1970.

Schulman, Sandra. The encyclopedia of astrology. New York: Hamlyn Publishing Co., 1976.

Sch1.vei, Priscil.la. What kind of authority figure are you? ~strol_~9Y c~_~de._, September 1976, pp. 20-22.

Shanks, Thomas. Research on astrological factors between married couples. Unpublished paper presented at Inter... national Society of Astrological Researchers Convention, February 22, 1977.

Siege 1, Paula. Your mind your body.. ~or~_ing \t\Tomen t i'iJovem- ber 19 7 7 , p • 16 .

Spiegelman, J. Marvin. Psychology and the occult. Spring 1976, an a.nnual of archetypal psychology and Jungiari______!_}lo:t:tgh-J::_, f976;pp-;:- lO"if-122-.------·------

Sprague, Barbara. How astrology can help your marriage. · A~t:roJ:_9gy T?day_, November 19 77, pp. 40--42 i 7 3.

Stephen. ~onday _E.igEt class. Santa Rosa, CA: Book Farms, 1970.

Stromberg, Gusto££. The searchers. New York: David McKay, 1948.

'I'ho:rmnen, George S. Is this your day? New York: Crown, 1973. .

'l'bo:rndike,. Robert L, & Hagan r Elizabeth. Measurement and evaluo.tion in psychology and educai:ion-T3rd ed~). if~"j~i-Yc,r.k":-·--·Johr1i-J:Ll ey tl Sons·~Inc. ;-196 9 •

Tobey, Carl Payne. How astrology helped our space program. !,~-~-~-~~ Septernb('!r, 1968, pp. · 11-14. 68

Tobey, Carl Payne. Astrostatistics. Cited by Lewi, Grant. Heaven knows what. St. Paul, MN: Llewellyn Publica- tion s , 196-9 .

Weir, Wilson W. Basic astronomy for astrologers. 1\st.rol ogy, December 1975, pp. 22-24; 75-84.

Woodruff, Maurice. You and you! wo~ld. New York: Signet Books, 1969. APPENDIX A

The Marriage Adjustment Inventory

Nanson Letter

69 70

WESTERN I'SfcHOLOGICAl SERVICES A OIVISI0:-.1 OF MANSON \"o'EST£RN COstPOR.~TION

October 13, 1977

Pearl Frank 3734 Caribeth Drive Encino, California 91436

Dear Ms. Frank: This letter authorizes you to quote from the manual of the Marriage Adjus·twent Invent.ory i.n your master's thesis at California St,ate University at Northridge.

It is understood that the quotations will not be su::,stant.ial and will not be more than a -::ew p.:,..ragraphs with c1:ed:i.t given as follows: "Copyright €) 1962 by Western Psychological Services. Reprinted by permission." .c~·:¥r;urs' , r,o..1L. tl1.owv.J.t;...__ Ira R. Manson Pr.esident IRM:sg

\\'fSTtR:'i F'-~ ¥(7fC! OG~(AI. ~~RVI('~S. f'!,ldl-.h~·r-.. .11~.\ UurriHIInt~

12031 V,'Hs.t.ire B{,:.ui("V,]•d. los. Ang~le;.. Californil. 9002.5 le!eph;.)ne./'tre~i Code (213) -t78-lt!61

~------'-'-~~-----'------71

r . O.rcle One: l Hu~band 1 L-~~ rvtL\RR!A.GE .AOJUST~\~1ENT INVENTORY By MORSE P. MANSON, Ph.D. ARTHUR LERNER, Ph.D. P11bliJhed By

WHY YCIJ AI<>. HtuNt; THIS fOkM: Your Cmmselor wishes to be of service to you. To provide your Counselor with background idormatio~ ah->ut yourre!I and your problems, it is very helpful to f:ll this form. This form is confid,mtial and your Counseior will not reveal. ~.uv inkrrr;)tion unless you give him permission to do so. Plea~ begin now. br.LN::~;·~------~- ··----:rA1~-----~ l~~- ______!,ast_:t!~~-· First Name ·----~J!ddk._~!!!L.-·------~ ~2_\-:::.:!.?.______~---r---···· __ jTEL NO. -1 1c:~.~~~~~~r:::: .. ______---~~E ___ j~!2_UC~TION co~!~!~~:~~~~!::._ ____ e~:::~~:_::.::~~-::~::~--~ SEPARAiED- ~IVORC!::> NO. OF MARRIAG!::. ____-·-- 1 \HOW LO?-:C MARRIED? )No. OF CHILDREN ACES OF CHILDREN I ;_,.___ ·~·--······-'·-·· . _j WHAT 'fOIJ Alii.! TO DO:

·n1is form has _, numb~r of problems which m.uried persons have experienced. No person has <>xperienced :t.\i lhe$~ problems. H.ead ec.ch question carefully und decide if the problem erists in your rnm-riage. If it L; not pn:c.ent in yc·.ns if t~•"'Y do net. de~c7ii;e probkras in your marriage. If a question does appl>· to your marriage, ci.~~e the letter "H" if the prob. lem is that oi the fWSBAND. Circle ~be lett1:r ·w~ if the problem i~ that of the WIFE; Or circle tbe "H-W" if. {Jf1:i. HUSB,\.ND and WIFE have tnat problem .

.FOR JiXU·1Pl.J~: No. 1. lS UNFAIR IN MANY WAYS ------·----..-·-----.:.....H· W 0 J.I" !n.-:1!" ~J.v~t}v"~ ..•ND ~£ -~ h a.~ l.til:j'· j?i'OO'1 eill, t h € ~.,.!A. t.S· CU'C· !-'r::u ------,------~·---·-\.o/rntr "'n

'f th ''"I-t:' } t.l • b1 ,:L ""W' . . ]--' H A;.~\ , .e 10 r >- olr.< othHUMlAND a.nd WiFE have this probiem, the MH-W' is circled----.. ------~

Yr,•• will ru,..,,, !ill the ti:n"' you need to finish this form. Plf;ase turn the p,-l.gz ;~.nd begin now.

Copy<;ghl @ 1962 by WESTERN i'SY(.HOI.OCICAl S~RVICES Not :o bt re 0 ,,r-xl•.•(~ in whQia or p.an without wrirt•i\ pet'T!'Iiuion of ·c:opyrior,J t.~wn41r. J:,ll righ~ l'/f~.n...,;;,.j, ! Prin~ in U.s.A, 2 4 5 6 1 8 9 72

FR DO IM NT SP MM ).. h chiel!y interested in snoney •..•••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••• H·W .2. b unfair in many ways .....•••.••.•.•••.••..••••••...•.•••••.•••• n.w 3. Feels lonely me>st cf the time ...••.•••.•.•..•.•••••. , ••••••••••.•. H·W 4. Gets in•·olved in ;sex with others ....•••.•..•...•••..••••.••••.••••. H-W 5. H:u P'XIr opinion of family mem~ •••.• , •.•.•••••.•••.••••....••• H·W 6. b a poor manB.ger of mOTIC)' •••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••.•• H-W 7. Is a dishoneo;t persor. . : .....: : ..•..••••.•.••••• , •••••••.•••••••.• R-W 8. Make-s most of the family de<:Jnon<. •••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••• H-W 9. Seldom b.C€> problems honestly ..•.•••••••••.••••••••••••••••••.••• H-W 10. Of:en lo;;es :emr>er ...... •.•.....••••.••.••.••• ·•••••••.•••.••• H·W 11. Often w,~nts i<:· hurt people ...... •.....••.•.••••.•••...... ••••••• u.w 12. OTten m;;.ke.~ impossible demar;<3.s of others ••••••••.••••••••••••.••••• H-W 13. Liv~ far ~·v-nd fin:wr.-h.l means ...... •..•...••..•..••••••.•..•••• 14. Dislikes most frimrl> of the family ....••.••..•..•.•.•••••••.. , .••••• H-W 15. Manages the ;noney mos\ of the time •••••••.•••••.••• ~ • • • • • • • • • • • • • H-W 16. Feeling.s .a~e ea~Jly__hurt i...... H-\V , 17. Often trnnl\.5 ')f Killing reJ •.•...•••••••••.•..•••• , • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • H·VI' 18. PTder5 .'>e:-: with some cme of the $ame rex • • . • . • . • • • • • • • • • • • • • • . • • • • • • H-W 19. Triey lor pleS~sure ...... •.•••••.•••.•••••. H-W Zi. Is very •-~c-art:)-:: and insulting to people .••.•...••••••••••••••••••••• H-W 22. Is r,frakl of pregnancy ...... •.•.....••.•.•••••••••••..••••••••• H-W 29. Oftenf;;-eis ve1y depresu:d and disco~ttaged .•..•.••••...••.•.•..•••.•. H-W 30. I:)U.li.b::'li v~ry ;nuch to e:u at home ..•.•.••••.•••••••••••••••••• ; .•• H-'W 31. Negl~~t·; to pay the bills •.•....•.. , ...•.••.•••.•.•..•.••••••..••• H-W 32.l..'l :a vt~ry pour housekf.'e[RT ....••.•••.••.••••.•••••••••.••••••••••• H-W 33. Of~en nd<<"> fun of and teast.-s people ....•.•••.••.•.•••..•.•••..•.. H·W Si. ls in twubY~ with the police .:1 good de;;l ...... •.••.•...•..••••••••••• H-W S:'i. .Forgds to do important thin>;s .•....••••.•.••••••••••• ·••••••••••••• H-W 36. N~cl.s mi•ch help to pay debu ...... •..•••.•.••••••••••.•••••••••• H-W $7.13 disloval to the family ...... ••.•..•••••.•.•.•.•••••••.••••••••. H-W ::58. Often doe; bolish things ..•...•.••••••.•••••••••••••••••••.•••••• $'J. Gambles ton much ...... ••...... ••...... •••• , ...••••.•.•••••..• H-W 40. Oftr:n has tantrums wbr:n C\ln J>Ot have own way .•..•..••..•.•••••••••• H-W 41. Never l•elJY,; around the house ...... H-W 42. Js stubborn (>vcn when wrong .•••..•••••.••.•••••••••• , ••••••••••• H-W 43. Does not hav~e t>nough spend\np, ln~S con~rol of fee lin~ ~ ~ ...... ~ ••.•.•• .- .... , •••. ~ • 6 ••••••• li-W 61. feds gt:ilty Juring or alter the sex act .•..•.•..•••...••.••.•.•••.•••• H·W 6Y.. C~m l,Ot disC•.;;>S p~rsonal problems fTeely .•.••••••••••••••••••. , ••••• H·W 73

------·---- FR DO IM NT SP MM 63. Does ilot 2ppn'Cizte family lh·ing ....•••..•••••••••••••••..•••••.•• H·W 64. Is very stingy v.·i'.h money .••.•...•.••••••••••••••••••••••.••••••• H-W 65. Uses force r;r threats lo h.ava C"W!I way .•.. , •••.•...•.•••••••..•...•• H-W 60. Often feels Jdt out of things ....•..•..•••..••...• • .•••.••.•••.•••• H-W fil. F'eds frif,h~ened dwing t.~e sex act ..•.•...... ••.••..••••••••••..•.. H-W 68. Nearly a wr.xs wants own way •...••.•.••.•••••.•.••••••• , •••••• ·•• H·W 00. Feels h.ck ct l~·oney is the cause of our ma.rriagoe troubles . ·• ••••••.••.•••• H-W 70. Feels a;;ham'!'d when nude •...... •..•.•••••••••••.•••..•• H-W 71. Feels sex I't problems ••.•••••.•••.•..• H·W '?7. Doe; not know how to save money ...... ; ...•.••.•.•.•....•.•.. H-W 78. Is nearly always 'lgairu;t '·"hat. family wants to do .••.•••••..•••.••.•••• H-W 79. !sve-rr crude an~ rong;~ d;u-ing ~>e sex act . . • .. . . . • • .. • . . • ...... H-W 80. ;:,ee,!u '~-"~>pie ..••.•.••...••••••••••••.•••.••• H-W 'b!l. Nt:eds a drink or two before hcing up to thin!lcs ...... H-lV e:l. Always m~kes e~cusus for faults or failures . . • . . . . . • . . • • . . • • • • • • • • • • • • . H·W 88.ls tht'ughtl.ess aix•ut the weifare of om family ...... H·W 8:3. Often f~ib to cooperate wHb our family ..••....••.••.••• c ••••••••••• H-W

CH IS PH AB SL IN Si). Very muds di.~likes our children ...... •...••..•••••.• • .•.• , •..••. H-W Sl. Is chieily intere-sted in clcthe1 . . . . • . • ...... • • .. . • . . .. • • . • • • • • • . . . . H-W 92. h a very dull ~non ...... ••...... ••••.•••.•.•••. H-W ~Z- ls ve~y un~'ap!)y be~:1HtS<"! there rue no children .....•.••...••.. , •.••... H·W 9''1. Is ·~h!el1y mte:•,.tea m ~!X ••• , •••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••• H-W SS. H~.s 2 very pcut sex .•...... •.•••••••••••••••..•••••••• H-W 101. Wmc a ~ood deal of atlenhcm in public places ..•••.••••...•...... •.. , H-VI HJZ. Is too old a oersnr children ...•...•....•••• ·•••••..••••••••••..••• H-W 10'7. Always avoid~ meeting people •••.....· .••.••••••••••.•••••••••.•• ·• • H-\V 10-3.1~- too young a person...... • . . . . . • . . • . . . . • • ...... • H-W 109. hds there is a problem b.:cn1s~ of our religious differences. . • . • • . • .• • • • • . H-W llO. Is !\ very lazy pen10n • : ••.•••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••• , •••••• H-W lll. BtXOmes ciistnrk'd ove:· unusu:J ~ex acts ...... •••.•.•..•...•.••••••• H-W 112. ls in '~'~' T>()()r h~.tlth ...... •...••.••...•.•.•.•.•. , ..••• Ii·W 113. Feels v:e--;,y: muc.h Hk~ .gett.:b1g; a clivorre. ~ .... ~ .. , • ~ . ~ • ~ ...... ~ .••.... H-W 1!4. Has p•~Jin idea.' ab.cl! t':4l'e •••....•..•••.••••••. ll·W HS. Is very mud1 ag;drat adoptin):; c-hildre!l ...... H-V/ 117. Mo~ Hmes feels dissatisfied after our sex act .••••....••••••.•.••••••.• H-W 118. l.A''c'".'S some one c:lse rnore ...... ~ ...... H-W 119. Is very m1b•"-PP}' b.~ause unabie io have children ...... , ....•..••..•.•. H-W 12.0. S·~•ends t.CJQ m:1ch time a~ parties ar with friends ....•..••....••• ~...... H-W 121. Needs m<;d; o:-nre bec-ause of illne

~~--~--~...______- ~------74

______;C~H lS PH AB SL IN

122. Get> little or no satisfaction from our sex act 0 0 0 • 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 • 0 0 0 • 0 • 0 o 0 0 0 0 H-W

123° Has sex affairs outside of marriage o 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0. 0. 0 0 0 0 0. 0 0 0 0 0 •• 0.. H-W

124. Wants to hlvc too many children 0 o. 0 •• 0. 0. 0 0 0. 0 •• 0 0 •••••••• 0 •••• 0 0. H-W

1250 Dislikes very much to dress properly 0 •• o o 0 • o • 0 0 • 0 o •• 0 • 0 • 0 o •• o 0 0 •• 0 0 0 H-W

l28o Kee;:.s avoiding responsibilities of our marriage 0 0 • 0 0 0 0 • 0 0 • 0 • 0 •• 0 ••••••• H-W

.1270 Appears ugly and repulsive during sex act 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 ••• 0 • 0 0 0 • 0 •••• 0 •• 0 • 0 • H-W

1280 Is no·t welJ developed physicallt o 0 0 • o o 0 • 0 o 0 0 •• 0 •• 0 ••• 0 ••• o ••••••••• H-W

129. \-Vants very much to leave fami.y 0 • 0 o 0 0 •• 0 0 0. 0 • 0 0 • 0 •• 0 •• 0 0 •••••• 0 •• H-W

130. Gives little love or attention to our children 0 0 • 0 • 0 0 0 0 0 • 0 •• 0 • 0 •• 0 ••••• 0 • H-W

l3l.ls very much ov

1320 Prefers to have very few or no sex acts 0 0 • 0 0 • o 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 o 0 0 o o 0 o o •••• o o H-W

I3Jo Feels it is impr1ssible to make our P'larriage work 0 • 0. 0 0 0. 0 0 0 0 0. 0 o o o 0. 0 0 o H-W

15{0 Sc.-ems intf.crested in being alone ..... 0 0 0 0 o • 0 0 0 0. o 0 0 0 0 • O·o o 0. o o 0 0 • 0 o 0 H-W

135. DO<'s not want l

136. Feels our m:Hriage has been very harmful . 0 0 • 0 0 0 •• 0 0 • 0 0 0 0 0 0 • 0 o 0 •• o 0 0 0 H-W

lS'lo 1s going through physical chan!(es which are very disturbing o 0 0 •• o o o o o o o o H-W

1.3-~o Does very iittle to i."Tiprove s

139. Feels (lur rn:urio.ge is not very important . 0 0 • 0 0 • 0 •• o • 0 • o 0 0 o o o o • o • o o o o n.w

ltiO. Punishes cur children very mueh 0 ••• 0 o • 0 o 0 • 0 • 0 0 •• 0 0 • o 0 0 ••• 0 o •• o o o • H-W

141. Feels our rnarrial!e b.s fa\led 0 o o • o o 0 0 0 0 0 o 0. 0 0 0 0 • 0 • o o 0 •••• 0 o •• o ••••

142. Makes a very poo-r appearance. o • 0 o 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 • 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 o 0 0 0 o 0 ••• o • o •• H-W

1430 Vr.q sddom h;.s dimaY. or p!'ak of excitement during .~ur sex act . o o o o o ••• o H-W 1440 Feds our maniage was failure right from the honeymoon o • o • 0 o o ••••••• o o lf.W

l4.'5o Has bbits and bei-ldvior which are very annoying. 0 0 0 • 0 0 o o 0 0 ••• o •••• o • 0 H-W

1460 F{·els getting a divorce is best thing to do 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 o ••• 0 0 o 0 o •••• o. o o •• H-W

147. Does not e3.rn enough money 0 0 0 o o • o • o •• o • o o o o o • o o o • o o •••••••• o ••.• o H-W

148. Is very slC·?PY at the table o o • 0 0 • 0 0 o o o o o 0 o o 0 0 0 • 0 o o o • o • o o , •• o o o o o o o • H-W

H9o Will do anything to get a divorce 0 • 0 • o o 0 0 o o •• 0 ••• 0 o 0 • o 0 ••••• o ••• o o • H-W

150. Feels need for different kind~ of se~ nets 0 o 0 0 o o o o •• o o • o o o ••• o •• 0 •• o o o o H-W

151.. Is ch!efl.y i.nterestP.d in being popular o 0 0 o 0 • o 0 0 o • 0 0 0 0 0 o o o •• o 0 • o o o • o •• H-W

1520 C-eD mr;rt> fm; and pleasure when away from home. o o o. o • o o •• o •• o ••• o •• H-W

15"~. Hr.lmr aU inkre>l in sex 0 ."o o 0 • o o • 0 o • o 0 0 • o. o. o o o. o o o o •• o. o o. o •• o. H-W

\54 Does not :~am mmoh from experience . 0 0 o o 0 • o 0 o 0 • o • o o o o • o o • , • o ••••• o H-W

1!'•50 Need> heb tc ,mdcrstand ~ur chHdrcn . 0 o 0 • o o •• 0 ... o o 0 o o o. o ••• o •••••• H-W H·W ~ 1560 Is a v~r'f ·i>cor w<:rker ..• o 0 0 o • 0 0 • o 0 0 o 0 0 o 0 0 0 0 0 0 o o 0 0 o • 0 0 • o • o •• o o • o o

15i o F,.eh; gettiilg help to solve our marriage problems is foolish and a waste

of time !!nd money o 0 • o o •• o 0 o o 0 0 o o o o • o • o o o 0 o o ••• o • .- o o •• o •••••••••• H-W

MAl $UMMARY

------___ _._.__ .... ______-~------~ ----~----- APPENDIX B

Cover Letter

75 76

APPENDIX B

October 8, 1977

Dear Participants:

Thank you so much for being participants in our research project.

In taking these tests, three steps in the pro cedure are essential to make the study a valid one.

1. Take the tests separately-~in different rooms if"possible.

2. Do not discuss your answers or the tests betwEien yourselves unt.il you have them in the mail to us.

3. Be honest with your answers.

Fill out the information on the top page of the test, which has an X in front of it. Please note the right top corner and circle whether you are husband or wife. We do not need your name or address. Please be assured that strict confidentiality will be observed at all times.

Enclosed is a self-addressed stamped envelope. Please send the completed tests back to us as soon as possible, as we have an inflexible time schedule to adhere to.

If any feedback on the study is desired, it may be obtained upon request from the researchers. Informa- tion concerning referrals to qualified marriage and family counselors may also be obtained. APPENDIX C

Example of ·the Worksheets for Clinical Evaluations

Figure Cl. Worksheet listing test questions answered by each couple illustrating how they agreet disagree, partial agree and differ

'I'able Cl. Worksheet for numbers and persent ages of items answered by each couple for clinical evaluations

Table C2. Worksheet for clinical evaluation of test for matching of couples

77 78

_j __

·H~he Sociopathic ·--~r,----.1-1---~~----·--~ I '\2?_ ~:+ 7 I "!!!:- J 1'----Sho·-----~----~-- H~ -'- l"'oney Na(lagement , She Incompatibility ,

Fieute CL Horksheet listing test questions answered by each couple illustrating bow they: Agree Disagree = * Partial Agree 79

Table Cl

Worksheet for Numbers and Percentages of Items Answered by Each Couple for Clinical Evaluation

.-,--~...,.------.,------.---;--~,------~---- 1 I I I ~ I ~ !

I ~ (.) Couple s:: Q) 1312 H Q) 4-l 4-l •r-l ~ COUPLE 1.312 ' Table C2 ----·--·--1I Worksheet for Clinical Evaluation of Test for Matching of Couples

···,I ·----,·i· - - Family l !i j ~E~~~-----i Husband I . . il WiO'e I I . Self i Spouse Husband-W1.fe il Self Spouse I Husband-W1.fe "He states he" l 11 He states .nHe states---; --rrshe states t 1 'sl'l"est;:;tes "She states she" they both" she" 1 . he" j they both" l 5) has a poor 1 opinion of I I family members She feels he has a poor opinion of family members which may indicate a potential for conflict and tension. However, he does not appear to see this in himself. Dominance 1 I,,, 49) wins most 68) both want of the argu their own way II ments. nearly always. She states that he wins most of the arguments and they both want their own way nearly always. This may indicate she sees problems in terms of control in the re1ationship and could be a potential for conflj_ct, even though he does indicate in the test that he sees this as a problem.

'·I Imma ti.n·i ty I 1 II I 4) gets involved 2) is unfair ia .62) cannot dis- I" 32) is a very 12) often i 2) are unfair in sex \vith many ways. Icuss personal poor house makes impos in many ways. others. 16) her feel !problems freely. \1 keeper. sible demands I 16) have feel 85) always finds ings are easily !73) put off fac- jl L+S) is very on others. ings vrhich are fault with other hurt. jing disagreeable 1 childish in 85) always easily hurt. people. 25) cannot re tasks J many Hays finds fault 22) are chiefly sj_st buying with.others interested in Ii

4,..."(? t.':) Table C2 I.rrm-;:~. turi ty---,------· I ,~ 5c.on~t) _ : Husband j Wife ·---s·~lf ·Spouse !Husband-Wife Self S ouse I Husband-Wife T1 He~s-tat:2s 1·7e'1 I "Ho:o states !"He states r-ishe s~atea "She states "She states ----·--·--_L_ s_::\e" they ..!?2.th'~-- \ sh~." he" Ghey J?..._o.;;;.t_h_"__ _

I things that I 38) · often J . selves I are not does foolish I 42) are stubborn !. needed things l even w·hen wrong ! 52) is a very l 45) often use poor .house- l poor judgment l keeper !. . I 73) put off l 42) is stubborn j I facing disagree: i even when wrong j' I able tasks !~8) seems very childish in I I many ways I 53) starts cry:i.ng to win arguments . 56) is afraid I of responsibil-j ity of marriage! He states he gets involved with sex outside of the relationship which may indicate his way of hand- . I ling and dea1.ing with dissatisfaction in the relationship. It may also indicate a need for verification: I of masculinity. 'i:Je see this as an immature way of dealing with potential problems and conflict in the . I relationshi.?. He states they cannot discuss problems freely which :indicates he feels there is a problem· in commurd.cation. She does not indicate she sees this as a probl.~m. He states he always finds fault with other people. This may indicate a perfectionistic personality with added problems of insecurity and low self-esteem. She states she feels he often makes impossible demands on others and often finds fault with others •,,ihi~h further supports this theory of high expecta ... tions. He appears to be critical of others which again indicates low self-esteem and insecurity. There is a fair amount of criticims of each other hP-re, although the greater percentage of it appears to be on

CQ l-' -... ..,,_ --~··lo'

Table C2 Imma_!:urity (:--on't) I I hj_s side. He states he feels she is a very poor housekeeper, cannot resist buying things that are not ! needed; seerns childish in many ways, is stubborn. when wrong and is afraid of the responsibility of mar riage. W2 feel this may indicate his dissatisfaction with his spous~ in the marriage and may be a high potential for conflict:. This may be a. proje-ct:!..on but we fee.l that these tttay be :r.eal issues in the mar riage because she agrees 'With him 1..vhen she states tha.t she is a very poor housekeeper, is very childish in nany ways, and often does foolish things. He states that she starts crying to \vin arguments which may indicate manipulation on her part and may be a potential for conflict. They both. indicate by their test answers that they may see the marriA-ge as immatere. She states they are both im:erested in self, which may be a potential for conflict if they see this as behavior which threatens the relationship. He indicates that she is unfair, her feelings get easily hurt, and she is stubburn even when wrong; However, he does not indicate that he sees this as a problem in the relationship (both of them) and they may indicate a high potential for conflict. They both sta1:e that they put off facing disagreeable tasks, which may indicate immaturity and an avoidance of dealing with reality.

r -- 1 · 1· Neurotic l li I· II p• -. -Trait$- _ _•• l1 __·ausband:.:::.;::_::_;:::.:..:..:._ 1 I I V'llte i Self ! Spouse l Husband--Wife n---Self ---! Spouse I Husband-Wife "He states he" -;--''H~-gtates I "He states , ·ll "She states I "She st~tes I "She states st.!.e'·· I they both' ll-.. she" ! he' t~hey both" 1 86) need a d:::-ink Ii I 3) feels lonely 1 before facing most of the time 1 I 1 up to things , 10) often loses I . I I I I temper 1 ! I 29) feels very I I l . depressed & dis- I 1 / 1 couragecl I 1 1j 1 .54) often gets !1. J angry or mad over I 1! I. small ma uers I1

c.o ~'·' Table C2

Husband-Wife

57) suspicious for no good

co ,.!)>. Ta.ble. C2 :V.fon.e.y :r.-Ianagement ( i ,.L..~~on' .. ' --·-.·- ----~·------senses his concern about her inadequacy i.n managing money and thereby indireetly feels he is blaming her for much of the problem in the marriage. He states that he feels they live beyond their financial means vlhich may indicate he feels they are irresponsible and immature in this area.

~--- I

Ch:Udren. _j_ Husband _J_ - =t(! Wife I I - r------~ ---~ --' Self - · I Husband-Wife -\ Self ~-.~--1 Spouse 1 1 Spouse I Husband-WLf'e r~i:re--states he" ·; "He states "He states I "She states i "She states "She st. ates ------r------l she'' they both" she" I he" they both" 1 116) are very 'I against adopt I I, JI ing children. /, I I She states that they are both against adopting children. He does not indicate this in the test. ·I I This is the third marriage for both partners and they e3.ch have ch:Udren from other marriages. This I ·statement may indicate there is or has been possible confli-:::t and tension in terms of the ehildren.

~I~n~t=e~r=e=s=t=s======~~I II I 95) has a very -~ lOl) wants a I 95) has a very l 1 po?~ ~pinion of good d~al ~f jl I poor ~pinion of rellglon attentJ..on 1n I jl II relig1on 1 public places I 1 134) seems inte- 1 , I rested in being 1 11 He s.tates h, e hi as a very poor oplnlon• • o f re ligJ_on · . an d s h e states s halone e agrees Wlt· h h'lm. In the Jungian sense, this may mean pr·oblems with his father. and difficulties with his m.::J.scul:i.ne image. This may indicate that he has a predominance of anima which was wounded and not enough of animus in his shadow side. He states he feels she wants a good deal of attention in public places. This statement is ambiguous. We hypothesize i.t may indicate her need for more attention from him to prove to herself that she is

C() <..n 1--

\ Table C2 I Interests i (con't) i ===+- important to him. Or, it may indicate a ·need for public approval and recognition to enhance her ego. We feel both &re e:'(pressions of a need for outside ve-rification of ego worth" She. states he seems interested in being alone, ~-11u.ch may indicate what seems to her to possibly be a rej ec:tion by him. "\Je hypothesize that his inability may cause hostility,

co a-, Table C2 Abilities (eon't) . , ----·------__ ,______:,L -· which he may need te vent on others both in and outside the marital relationship. This is especially true if he relates thj_s ability to make money as a ve.rificad.on of his mascul:lnity and self-vrorth." She states she feels he Joes not learn :nuch from experience. This may indicate her. disappointment in him and be a potential for conflict. we hypothesize that she do(c.S not see him as a mature in.divi-: dual.

1 Sexual ~Iusband i 1 Wife - ~~ll~~ --- Spous._e Husband-W:i.fe l Self I Spouse 1 Husband-Wi~- ~

co "-.) i i Table C2 ~;1;~~~at- i" , ---~ll . .., ______2~!_r.L·.~-- .. ____ ·=1I Husband 1I.j_ vh.1.e __ , ______§_el:L_, ______-4-~ Husband-liJi:f_<:: 1! Self . Spouse ·_~usband-Wife 1 "Se st;;~tes he" 1 "he states nHe states !. "She states I "She states "She states ----·----··----~----she'~- they ~oth"·-~1 s'he" . he" t'hey ~oth!l ___

I 126) keeps lj 133) feels it is : avoiding re- I impossible to 1 spc•nsibilities I make our -:narri- I of our ro.ar- age work riage 136) feels our I marriage has I • been very harmc I I ful I 141) feels our marriage has I I 1 failed 14l•) feels our marriage is a failure right I. from the honey moon 157) feels that I getting help to solve our mar riage problems is foolish & waste of time & money. He states she keeps avoiding responsibilities of our marriage. Thi.s is an ambiguous statement since we cannot determine r..vha.t responsibilities he means. He may hypothesize that she is a disappointment to him and not living up to expectations in suc.b. areas as wife, mother, housekeeper, etc. She states she feels he feels it i.s impossible to make tlv=ir marriage work, feels their marriage has been very harmful, marriage has failed, has bE.~en a failun~ from the honeymoon, and refuses to get mar.ital

O:.l co !'

I ! Table C2 I . I I ncon:pat:t-· I bilitv ) \-'ron~:-)•·· '- I =---:=--..:.::.::=....-::=:::-.=---==!----· counseling. \·ve hypothes.ize that either he communicated these feelings to he:r and they are a real issue in the m2rriage or she 1 s proj ect:ing ~Jhich may indicate her feelings. of inseeurity in the rel.ationsh:I.p. The fact r.hat he didn 1 t indicate any of these. itr:!:ms TI'.ay mean that he does not see these as real issues or pr·o~lems in the marriage or he is denying their existence. because he may have guilt feelings about his part in the marital problems and potential conflict.

co l.O APPENDIX D

Planets and related terminology

Table Dl. Astrological signs and related terminology

Table D2. Astrological aspects between the planets and related terminology

Table D3. Astrological houses and related terminology

Table D4. Astrological planets and related terminology

90 , Table D-1 Astrological Si.gns and Related Tenninology Positive Negative Nas.e """"''"o'L ·t'~·~v;:;··ord Key Phra_s_e__ _ n,,, . . --·-~-£.:::-~--=--~-----:":..::!.;_~ _... Quali_ti~~ -~.::- 1. t ~~-s--··-'·-·-

.A.r 1. e.s ~'ll Activity I am Aggressi·Leo d'... Nagnetism I ~vill GenE::t·cus Pretentious \Tirgo TW Differentiation I analyze Discr:i..minating Critical 'TLlDra •1 :{!:.; Rarm.:my T. balance Diplomatic Ap<:'thet.ic Scorpio "r!V"' Intensity I desh."e Penet1:atJ.ng Ru.th1.ess Sagittarius .:.t"t Vi.s11alizAquarius ~ Distri0ution I kno"'1 Altruistic Temperamental Pisces )~. Understanding I believe Compassionate ?essim:Lstic

Ta.ble D-2 Astrological Aspects Between the Planets and Related Tenninology

_Na~------;~m~~,·-----~para ti~n______Heard.~_§lrtd _QE_~I".E tt.,?_n____ _

Conjunction d' 0" Nuch emphasis, blend -power of all Serdsex tile Jl.. 30" Reacti.-v.e « . .-ennsquare ..~ L~S ~). Irritating, tension ~ ("\ lj Se}'.. tile *• \)•.J Opport•.nJ.i.ties Squ.art.~ 0 90° Challe.nge, cause of action TY.ine lJ..., .. 120° Ilowing, comfortable, ease QDincunx or ~ .. Inconjtmct 150° Adjustment, :reorganization Oppcsoition & 180° A-wareness, m:..1st relate, others involved

\.D 1-' Tab:te D3 Astrologieal Houses and Rela.ted Terminology

Bouse K "'J':•>o·rd ---· =~.~ .... ··------·---·--·-Re~?- t-ed_ Expression2_ "\ -'-• Ider1.ti. .. ty The sslf, personality and individual expression ') ,!.... \Talues Possessions, personal resources, financial affairs '':l -'• A1-n:reness Im1112d ia te E.:l1"\"~i.rorunetl t ., conu1~.un.ica t. .tcr.. s, s ibl in.gs 4. Security Home e~wi:romneu.t, a par.~nt Oi.ot1wr) ~ heredity; end of life 5. Creativity Offspring~ ,:;pee:ulations, personal self-expression, pleasures 6. Du.ty Emplo:yment, he.slth, servic2, routine everyday ma.tt:ers 7. Cooperation Partnerships, open enemies, relationships long-term 8. Regeneration Investments, legacies, sexual capacities, taxes 9. Aspiration La-w, in-·lmJs, religion~ higher educ;3.ti.on .. Jong journeys 10. Honor Public standing and recognition, arnbit:i.on, parent (Father) 11. Social Consciousness Friendshi.ps, aspirations, hopes, dreams, wishes 12. Subconscious Un~.;e•.::n ca,lses, hidden str;;::ngths and '_.:tcaknasses, self·-undoing ------·------·------·----·---·-· Table D4 Astrological Planets and Related Terminology Pos:Ltive Negntive Name Symbol Kevword Key Phrase ______,Qu.

1.0 N APPENDIX E.

Examples of the worksheets used for astrological evaluation

'fable El. tvorksheet for as·trological evaluation of charts for matching of couples

Figure El. Astrological natal chart of husband

Figure E2. Astrological natal chart of wife

Figure E3. Astrological composite chart of husband and wife

Figure: E4. As·trological comparison chart. of husband and wife

93 94

Table El.

Worksheet for Astrological Evaluation of Charts for Ma·tching Couples

{Taken from nat.al composite and composite/ comparison charts of husband and wife)

COUPLE NUMBER 2036

This worksheet is to provide an overall View of the charts of the husband and wife and their relationship. AJ.- though reiterations may occur, this on.ly tends to emphasize the areas that they are in.

The wife's chart equated to a Leo, strong willed, somewhat reserved, rruch pride in her undertakin~~JS and true t~o one love. The husband 1 s cha.rt equates to a Pisces give- ing him a fluctuating temperament and tending t.ovJard mor- osert>.C~ss Hrlen ·things don't go his way. The composite chart equates to Cancer wl1ich brings much sensitiveness here within tlF..: relationship and t:heir feelings must be sbown in order to sustain it. Both husband and wife have bucket chart patterns. The handle of the bucket in her chart is n~on/Saturn indicating emotional restrictions and in his chart it is Uranus, and energizer, which can be erratic at t~nes. This handle jc a way in ~hich they can release their energies. These people delve deeply into life and pour fo.rt.h much of their energies into their own ego searches without too much thought for the other person.

'rlv::: COE1posil:e chart. equates to a bmvl pattern sho,ding a need in th~ unoccupied section of the chart from fifteen

S~gi tarrius to twenty Gemini. 'rhis is in the area of the inner sta·te of the marriage, the subjectivity of it. Frus- tration exists in matters related to 'chis empty part. They can either take the action necessary to fulfill it or drift along within the mundaneness of the upper portion of the ch&rt and be entities unto themselves.

Her Mars is at a critical degree of 21° Taurus in t.he seventh house which could be a crisis point i:ndicat.ing a degree of extreme sensiti.veness in the partnership that she forms. His Saturn is trine this point in her chart inclicatin':J that he would be a friend ·to her initially but wi.tll his moon at 21° Sagittarius and inconjunct her Mars, it could cause some type of adjustment to be made i.nvolvin~; values ano. co:m..rnunications. She has Capricorn and Cancer

(Pluto a.nc1 Mercury) intercepted causing her to work on her higher VL'\lues and communications more introspectively. She at times must:. reel misunderstood but can be quite direct., forceful and good at opposing values. She must tap her inner resources to get the power of "this planet t.o wo:ck \vell for he.r. They both have double signs on the eleventh, t:welfth, fift.h, and sixth houses emphasizing the activi t.y of t:.ht:'!SC hous'::'~s, They are linked t.oge ther in both charts by t.hese i.dE-nt.ical int_erceptions posing many challenges to them as these houses square each other.

He places his Pluto, Hercury, sun and ascendent on 96

her intercepted house, causing him to feel held back in his conununications, philosophy, energy and self-image. His se·..:'enth house falls on her intercepted ninth house which indicates his need to learn much from her in terms of inte grating a philosophy. There is much emotionality here and this could be a sore point in the relationship. A stellium of planets ·exists in both charts indicating much self ce:nteredness_and self-absorption in both parties, which makes them blind to each other's needs.

H(:: has a mutable T-square - Uranus, Venus and Jupi· t.er r;;hich may lead him to pit people against each other.

If t.hings don't come easy to him at once, he drops t.hem and persues his own pleasures. Her moon and Saturn fill in his

T-square making it a grand square, causing him to feel re

::>trict.ed by her and many emotional outbursts could be the culmination of him not. getting his way. There is much con ten·tion here as she pushes him to finish what he st:a~cts.

She could be a stabilizing influence to him if he allows it, but: he may just feel thwarted and "stamp his feet" psycho logically with much arguing ensuing. With her grand fire trine she tries to give of herself through public service.

Tl1erE:~ is much self--motivation here and a positive manner.

She ha.s much a.mbit.ion in business executive positions where shre: likes t.o shine. He places his Neptune in Leo on hr~r moon/Saturn in Sagittarius in her tenth house. He does not understand ;;~hat she want.s from him and out of their life 9'7

together; ·there is much confusion here as her moon/Saturn is an emotionally-restricting force to him in his idea of what he should do for a career or before the public. She should be qui t.e physically active with a good muscular sys tem. She seems to be more perceptive than practical and

\vants ventures to produce fast results. She is quite demon·-· st:rati.ve and dramat.ic. She needs much personal experience so that he.:c expression could be more individual and self motiva.ting. This should come from her locked up Hercury and Pluto and from his sun, Mars, Mercury, Pluto conjunct inc_:; it. She: has a lot to learn in the area of her own philosophy and mission in this life through him and her ex periences to him whether good or bad. His sun/moon is inconjunct natally stressing more energy that he uses in continuing battles with himself. She in turn has a sun/moon t:rine which frequently presents too "much of a good thing" and with much self-fulfilling momentum. Tt is very hard for he :c to see a.l tern a ti ve s 1 she is stuck in her own way. There is a strong flow of vital energies with her ~nd her general outlook on life is both optimistic and self-confident. rrhe composi t.e sun/moon makes no aspects, giving them both the energies to mobilize themselves individually. This is both good and bad. As individuals in a partnership, they may be loner:E>. 1i'iorking together, they could pull the marriage unit. towa:cd work].ng forwardly to a great future with one another.

With the moon on the ascendent in the composite 9U -· . chart the responsive and emotional side of the marriage is freely exposed ·to the world and the stimuli taken in is es-· sentially understood. His ascendent is placed in her intercepted house of Ca.pricorn whereby he may feel that he takes the back seat. Her ascendent is in his ninth house intercepted and squaring his sun whereby she feels held back by the pdrtnership itself philosophically. His moon is cl.osE'~.r to the midheaven giving him a tendency to be more passive and eillotional. Her sun is the highest in the chart. and angular making her more aggressive and dominant. He probably had a. fairly good relationship with his father but many upse·f:s vdth his mothe.r·. He had to make many adjustments personally in view of this relationship. Her sun

(!l)njilncts !1er rtller of the c~hart Venus, ind.icating tha.t she may haw::. been "Daddy' s girl" and also, \vi th the ruler Venus trine th2 moon, she probably had a good relationship with her r'rrodleJ::·. Nei theJ~ individual chart shows a mutual rec<.?.p-· t.ion but: the composite chart does, which is moon in Sagi t·" tari.us/,:Tupiter in Cancer and inconju.nc·ting each other, indica:ti.ng that: wi t:hin the relationship, adjust.ments have to be madf.! to E"~c..ch other in t.he area of t.he emotions and due to each other's philosophies much energy is given here for this to occur. She has her chart ruler Venus in the tenth house

\vhich indicates her interest in being be :fore the public r

• c• His ruler Saturn l ·> in the eighth house, shmving his need for backing f:con o·ther people. He is int.erested in deat:h, research, taxes, and joint monetary affairs. Their com

posite chart shows that the ruler is in the seventh house,

indicating their concern over how other people see them as

a couple. They enjoy competition either friendly or other wise as a couple with others.

The final dispositor of the composite chart is moon/

,Jupiter indicating again the central focusing power of the

relationship in terms of philosophy and their emotions. All

t:.hree charts have :more planets above the horizon than below,

indicat.ing t.hat they max_ bot.h be more extroverted and more objective ,,Jith the public and career being important to

, them. He ha.s tNo planets east of the· meridian and eight t;l!est indicat.i.ng his life is more bound up wi t.h the destiny

of others and seems to have less free will. He has four

cardinal planets, one fixed and five mutable, causing him

to be rornantic in temperament, :fiery, changeable, and could

t.::mc1 t.o be inconstant or self-deceptive. With more planets

in succeedent houses, he is interested in hovJ love is given

and how love is received v;rithin his ovm psyche. She has

three ca.rd.in.::1l planets, five fixed and two w.ut~able, She is determined, dignified, stable, and the results of her ac-

tions are a.chie•red more slowly bu.t surely. She wants her

O\\'D •;vay. Added t.o this in her natal chart are six planets

in fire signs, two in earth signs, none in air and two in

\·<'a tE:~r sir:Jns 1 producing a very strong lady pushing to get her

\vEty. She ha!; seven planets above the horizon and three 100

below, indicating her need to be up front and on top of things. She is evenly balanced with five planets east of the Meridian and five planets west of it. 'l'he composite chart shows all the planets but i:.he moon above the horizon,

seven planets west of the Meridian and three east of it.

This indicates that the relationship will be bound up with other people's destinies~ They seem to be an out-going up- front couple with much emotion lying hidden just belovJ the

She has more planets in angular house:s, shov;ing asrain her need for ac-tion not only her own, but also t.hose a:;:~ound her. He has five planets in succeedent houses, show-

ing his fixity of purpose and his interest in finances.

The composi·te chart shows ·the majority of planets in cardi-

nal houses 7 indicating there will never be a dull moment wi·thin the relationship; they will alv;ays be doing some·thing or going somewhere. This briefly is the overall vie·~v of

the charts. A house-by-house delineation of the ccmpos~te; compa:rison chart. follows:

1. The first hou.se is the impression >chat: the re-

lati.onship gives rather than what it real.ly is. How they . are regar d e d as a un1t, the persona of the relationship and vJhat they both want out of it. Freedom is the keyword hE:~re with Sag1ttarius ru].ing the ascendent and the moon posited

t.here. 'l'hey both need breathing space to grow individually and as a unit.. Sex is used as a reinforcement to them in times of need. 'l'his relat:ionship is quite emotional and 101

needs many adjustments (moon rules the eighth house incon ju.~"1cting Pluto, Mercury and Jupiter there) . Their philoso phies differ and are not clearly understood by each other.

Bo·th want to be free to do their own thing. Commun.ica tion is not open with them (moon square Uranus). They have more spiritual union expectations and idealize them (moon trine

·Neptune) . If the bubble breaks, so will the marriage. Much self-delusion here, platonic love rather than sexual. There are many problems within the home and with the relatives.

She is into expressing her philosophy; he isn't as expres sive wit.h h,is innermost thoughts (Ver.us conjunct Mercury).

He is more traditional and set in his ways (Capricorn ascendent and the ruler Saturn in Virgo) . She tries to understand him {wlth her ascendent in Libra) but he doesn't see her clearly at. all (his Neptune on he:;.· sun/Venus). She is fiery1 he is emotional. Both are critical of each other.

Ht~ tends t.o be moody (more water planets) i she picks on him and what: he does and never seems satisfied with him (more fire planets) . He may feel that she lays her act on him always getting her way in the marriage {her Pluto, Mercury squares his ascendent) . He is always analyzing her motives a.nd other pecple' s motives for doing things (Saturn in Virgo in his eig~th house), making it hard for him to relax and be happy within himself. He is bound up with how other people think of him and how he looks to the world. She seems to lock him into this pattern, making it hard for him 102

to relax and be happy within himself. He is bound up with how other people think of him and how he looks to the r.vorld.

She seems to lock him into this pa.·ttern, making it hard for him to see matters as they really are; they respond to each other in very automatic ways, much freedom of self-expres

sion is needed here (her Mars trines his Saturn)~ She may

feel hr:~ld back by him due to his idea of what the perfect wife should be but in t.urn he may be jealous of her strength

and ou·twardly cool feeling, a threat to his mascnlini ty

(his s.un squares her ascendent and his midheaven squares

her Venus).

2. The second house is what they value; finances,

property, spiritual values. They should be successful in

dealing· with property and resources. They are quite re

served ·vlit_h each other but could have a long-lasting friend-·

ship. What they wish is different from each other. Their

basic values are different. They have very few outside

friend£> and as a couple, they hold back (Saturn in Scorpio

and sun square Sat:urn). She seems more dominant and pro.b

ably handles the money although neither seem tc nnden>tand

the mon·ey situation clearly; both are very concerned vJith

it and what. it can buy, many arguments in t.his area (her

Uranus in his second house} . They probably have tv1o dif

ferent sets of friends and two different bank accounts (her

Scorpio on his second house, her moon/Saturn square his

Uranus). Neither sees money clearly and they never have lOJ.

eriough of it. It brings a lot of problems and adjustments

to their marriage. {Her Venus conjuncts his Neptune and

•rrines his Saturn, his moon inconjunct.s her Mars.) There

are a lot of ups and downs as to what ·they do for a living

(Uranus conjuncts the midheaven square the moon and square

Mars). Their lives are at cross purposes to each other.

They seem to get in eC!ch other's way. He crit:icizes her

unmercifully about her values and what she wants" Money is

very important to them ·to obtain their goals but can v t

decide on what their goals are (his moon inconjunct.s her

Mars/Pluto m1d part-of-marriage). His temper is volatile

and his mouth abusive when he gets angry (Mercury conjunct

Mars/Pluto). She feels held back by him and earns her own

money in some philosophical way that he doesn 1 t understand

at all (his Neptune on her Venus trine Saturn). She feels

she never has enough, a very deep-sea·t.ed insecurity here

(moon conjHnct Saturn). He sympat.hizes with everyone in

'•, cluding himself. He tries hard to be the boss ir. the home

but. he feels it doesn't work. He feels let dov-m. r1any

value conflicts here and squabbles over money (Mars opposi

tion moon, Nars square Uranus).

3. This house deals \vi th the lower mi.nd" communi

cation, short trips, brothers and sisters and routine

af~alrs. Their highly individualistic styles could take on

an unusual direction and doing things their own way. 'I'heir

careers could fal·ter over tllis highly charged conmmnica tion 104

problem (1\.quarius on the third house, Uranus the ruler in

Virgo). Neither communicates well (Uranus square moon,

Uranus opposition Mars). Many silences, and many explo

sions exist here. Much anger and hostility. Both have

tempers and fight often. 'rhey tend to go outside of the

home for support from o·thers ." He truly doesn't understand

':. ~:rhat he vlan ts; he t.hinks he has it then, "Bam," gone again

(~iepLune ruler of the ·third house iriconjuncts Uranus). He

has many adjustments here and is at odds with himself as

well as their relatives (Neptune in the ninth house) . She

is quite fixed in her opinions and rather than rock the

boat:, keeps her mouth shut and does what she. pleases (Jupi-·

ter square Venus). He leans on her, lets her make deci-

sions. He wants a lovely home, a role model home; she

doesn't; much conflict here (her Venus conjunct his Neptune).

He has a deep inferiority complex, self-centered and eg-o

tistical but quite magnetic to others. He also seems to

have problems with the children and the opposite sex (Uranus

square~ Venus square Jupiter). His communication is doubt·-

ful with anyone. She is also on her own trip(0ith Jupiter

square sun square Venus) and could be quite optimistic to

i..:he po:.i.nt: of not facing reali t.y. She could tend to over-

indulge in drink or sex and have outside love affairs. She

nEtgs at him a lot about. what she expects of him (her Jupiter

opposition his Midheaven) and how other people see them.

'I'he ou.t.1vard appea:cance means a lot to them both. 1.05

Communication must be worked on or the fighting and conten

tion vdll occur. 4. The home, basic roots of the relationship, erd

of the marriage, basic roots (mental and emotional) spiri.tu-

ally and geographically. The home is seen as a spiritual

place or a place of psychism. It is not seen clearly at

all. Their roles are not clearly defined and a source of

problems. Neither of them get along in the home and are

at odds with each other (Neptune rules the fourth house).

The energies direc·ted towards career which could be done

in the home or home-oriented business (Neptune trine moon

sextile Mar~). He tends to be neurotic. He has problems

relating to his female part . (Venus square Uranus). He see[>

love as romantic but s~parates it from feeling (Venus sex

t.ile Neptune). She may be very domineering as she is a very

dominant force (ruler Uranus in grand trine). This mar

riage is not based on a solid foundation. He may have a

drinking problem and also may be neurotic (S?turn in Virgo).

She may not be the best housekeeper because this is not im

portant to her, but her philosophy search is (Uranus trine

Venus trine moon). A very hard v10rker, she drives herself

in some unusual career before the public. Although she cov

ers up a lot and puts on a smile, this is a very strong

st.ubborn lady. ·He wants to presen~c a mother image to his

children but at the same time resists the responsibilities

of a parent. He gets so very confused here, many ups and

downs in their home life. She would do t.-re.ll. doing some type 106

of teaching in a philosophical field within the home. A

lot: of good energy is here {Neptune trine moon sextile

Mars). He feels it is difficult to express his true feel ings (his Venus opposition her Saturn/moon) and feels re

stricted in his o~'11 home. With her Uranus in Aries in the

sixth house, she wants to be doing unusual things most of

the time. He resent:s having to make personal adjustments

for her (his midheaven squares her sun/Venus/midheaven) and

a lot. of t.ims is spent arguing over what he wants her to do

and how he wants her to do it, and she won 1 t.

5. This is the house of children, joint pleasuresi entertainment, creativity, love affairs, self-expressiori.

A love/hat.e relationship here and the ego er:~rgies are

strong here (.1.\..ries on the fifth house. cusp).. He feels more

at home with men; he is a macho type. Sex proves his mas-

c:uJ.inity, the more kids he has the more macho he looks to

ot.he:cs, hE~ thinks. She is very dominant and stubborn but

ca~1 put t!:"d.ngs off. She has a lack of organization (Mars

opposition moon} • Neither communicate well with ·the child

ren. H:any a djustrnents to be made in their sex life. 'l'h8

children fulfill his image, not hers. Many fights over the

children and much di.sagreement over his gambling, or pleas ure SC-"eki.nq outside the home. He could possibly have out

side .love affairs as well as her. She puts a lot. of time and effort into the children - "for him." She resents this and would r0.t.her be doing her thing, which would probably 107 ('

. be something in sports. She \A,7 ants the children to look good

so she will look good to the public also. He does care for

her and sees her as a convenience for sex when he \vant.s it.

He a.lso may get it. outside of marriage. They both t:end to

quick ·tempers and are constantly involved in emotional

crises (moon opposition Mars) . Bot.h must watch drugs and

alcohol (!

and rides roug·hshot. over many situations which really

angers him. When she really angers, she may tend t:.o be

abusive and wreak havoc on her personal relationships. Her

st.rong sex drive needs a more emotional outlet n1ars square

Neptune), which possibly could be her career or sports. A

lot of energy here spent in discussing what they think they

want, t:he children, and their love life (Mars opposition moon.).. With the imbalance of the elements in his charts,

he feels more at home with the guys and tends to be & bit wishy···vJashy. Her imbalance in the chart makes her quite

dominant, fiery and stubborn.

6, ':Phe health of the partnership, habits, duties

and responsibilit:ies which the relationship must fulfill.

'l'hey could work together if they ever put t.heir minds down

to it. Money a big factor here and also a problem (Venus

in cardinal angle in Taurus in the sixth house). Lots of mono;.:::y corn(:S a.nd goes quickly, much con·tention over work and

hm-.,' much one gains f:corn it and whether it is enough. She

feels tied in by the marriage and resents her roles that he lOG

lays on her (Venus opposition moon). If she does something he's not crazy about--in fact, he hardly approves of any thing she does--he will bicker at her. Responsibilities are not seen at all--again, arguing over \'ll'hose job is whose

(Venus inconjunct moon). If be could, he would probably rather stay home and take care of the children, but that.' s not macho so he denies his feeling of motherliness to them and his need for being mothered himself. He has a good head on his shoulders and should be working in some service to the public. He has good hunches and intuition. He is obsessive about his health and home, and must watch his nerves as he could become neurotic and develop many mys terious ailments. Both hate feeling tied down and hate res~onsibilities. Both love being free souls to come and go as they please. At t:.imes t:hey seem ·very passionate and·

\'7arm, even pushy to others (Venus conjunct H.ars) . Bhe nags him to get what she wants and also pushes herself (Neptune square Mars).

7. This house is of intimate one-to-one encounters and how others sec the part:nership, how t.hey function as a unit, They could work well in any business or commercial activity :Lf t.hey would ·try (Gemin'i on the seventh house cusp). HE: .feels too much talk about the children and feel::: r•2st1:-icted by them and jealous of them {venus inconjunct moon) • Other: people see the union as good and what a close knit family group {Jupiter, Venus, Mars in the seventh lt.)9

house). 'l'hey both talk a lot with others to get their

strokes, not with each other (Uranus square moon/Mars with

Mercury in t.he eighth house) . The public may view them as

very .idealistic and come t.o help them in their need. He

would probably like to be out of the relationship as he

can't stand the responsibilities (Mars opposition moon).

She is looking for a strong man (Mars Jupiter in Taurus ;..ri.th

A.ries on t:he seventh house cusp) . He is looking for a

strong mot:herly wife that he can lean on and get. his strokes

from (sun Mars in Cancer in the seventh house). She does

not unders·tand men clearly, but likes being wi·th them. She

feels more at home with men than 'tvomen. He wanted her to

be a friend but instead probably has affairs with her

friends (sun Mars inconjunct: moon). This marriage is at

odds with itself and many adjus·tments have to be made J.n

the emotional areas (Venus/Jupiter inconjunct moon sext.ile f·1ars opposition moon square Uranus}. She in terms of giv-

ing in t.o him and what he wants which he makes loud and

clear even in public. He really doesn't understand his own

f<.:!rni..n:Lne side and is constantly adjusting himself to what.

he thinks he want_s (Nep·tune inconjunct Uranus, sun/Mars in~

conjunct moon). She wants to be boss in the partnership

hui.: 5.n a very feminine way (tTupiter square Venus/sun, Mars

Eiquc.u.:·e Neptune) and be in the public eye. Her need is great

' i::o S11l.l1t~.,.

8. The couple's joint finances, joint values, property, sex, support from others. This is a very impor- taTlt emotional area to them and many adjustments in this house. Both are quite subjective about this area (moon in the first house). Strong physical attraction but she must adjust to his whims (moon inconjunct Pluto) . 'l'hey share each other's resources which adds to the intense home situation (Jupiter conjunct Pluto). Such emotional adjustment:s here and much frus·tration they both experience over sex, support from each other and values (Jupiter, Pluto, Mercury incon:iuh.ct moon) . Sex is a big issue with both of them.

SI1e does not want to be his mother or have relations every· time he wan·ts (Hars square Venus). Sex is important ·to him; h.e docsn' t understand his own dri>Jes, sometimes he can 1 t perform the sex act because he lets his emo·tions play havoc with him (2mn inconjunct moon). He is the more physical in n Jove" (Hercm:y conjunct Mars, Venus sc;uares Uranus Jupi te:r:) and t.ries to adjust his needs to her and some·times may feel rorr:<:tnt.ic?tlly n~jected by her (sun inconjunct moon) . He is

.:Lnc1inec1 1:o let: things slide, could have a weight problem

(::\.o:.:;n SCJU'll:J:: Jupiter). He tends t.o have a lack of self·- confidence and a degree of martyrdom and really may feel dist.rust fcrr- '{,·Jomen (moon square Saturn) . She l.ikes her social life (moon trine Venus) and gets along with both men an.c1 v!Omen but: men bet:<::er. Both tend to affairs outside of marriage and neither see financial difficulties clearly

(moon opposition Mars). She tries to show her feelings 111

openly and can be overly optimistic at timesr impalsive and

ha,p a v7ell.;..developed sex nature with deep hurt if people

don' t respond t.o her. She often may expect too much of

others and engage them in family quarrels (Venus square

Mars). He may feel she tries to impose her will on him ~er

Pluto on his sun). She really can 1 t understand what he

really wants from her as she doesn't see him clearly at all

(his Neptune on her Venus). With the vertex here conjunct

Venus in Cancer, the communica·tions of the couple are not

very good as to expressing their needs and want.s to each

Other, let alone understanding once it has been said.

9. Their religion, culture, travel, in-laws, 1ae~,

higher consciousness of t.he relationship. They feel . "fat:edn

t.ogst:.her, possessions important to them could -:nean a:nother.

·home in a long·-distance place (Leo on the ninth house) .

Neither one of them are very happy with life's forces

(Lilith in the ninth house). In-laws are not appreciated.

Restrictions >vith them both philosophically (Neptune in Leo

in the ninth house) . He feels neglected and not fulfilled

ernot.ional.ly or philosophically (sun square Saturn) . He finds

it: hard to make a commitment in his life. She does not see

her role as "every day housewife" and want.s time to explore

t:he deeper meanings of life (Pluto conjunct Mercury) . Peo-·

ple attracted to the wife who may be a teacher of some

philosophical subject. She would be great conwunicating

philosophy or teaching before the public (Neptune trine 112

moon). They tend to overidealize and fool themselves (moon tr~.ne Neptune). He has much charm and can be quite elo quent at times (Mercury trine U:r-anus conjunct Ma.r.s). He is intellectually restless, touchy, and impulsive (Mercury square Uranus). She needs him and is attracted to his charm and was probably attrac·ted to his head in the first place (her ascendent on his North node trine the part-of marriage) but marriage is a different story (her ascendent squares his sun). He needs her and is greatly attracted to her head also (his sun, Hars, Mercury, Pluto in her ninth house on j.1er Pluto, Mercury) which could lead to many heavy philosophical discussions between them.

10. Their honors publically, status 6£ the rela tionship t achi.evemer.t as individuals, purpose of t.he rela t:ionship. Much conflict over v7hat they vJish each other to achieve (Uranus in Virgo square moon opposition Uranus).

He could probably be an engineer or writer of some sort

(Virgo on the midheaven). Their purposes and goals ~re at odds with one another; this makes them both very ne.rvous

"lod th one another (sun/moon midpoint in Libra square Mercuryr

I>1uto"1 Venus). She has t.o be her own boss and do her own

'chi.ng i he doesn' ·t see it that. way; it's hi~ thing. She tends to creat.o all of her own problems then gets enmeshed i.n tht::!m and ccm 't get ou·t; he doesn't understand anything that she v-;a.nts (his Neptune on her Venus). His career seems to revolve around day-to-day existence and he may feel 1J3

restrict.ed by this mmi.daneness (Lilith in Scorpio in the tenth) and could take out his frustrations sexually. She's a driver and want.s to be out in the public eye (sun in Leo in the ten'ch house). She thwarts his need to be in the public eye (her sun venus midheaven square his midheaven inconjunct uranus).

11. 'l'he friendship 1 hopes 1 dreams, wishes 5 circum s't:ances beyond control, shared ideals of t.he couple. She loves her friends, he uses friends for his own pleasure,

~l'hey both find it. hard to give to others of themselves

(Saturn square sun). He probably stamps his feet when things aren't going his way. She dominates the friendship t.he:y form; he just. gets rejected again. He is very tempera mental. Friends drain hiru. She's a doer. Higher con~ sciousness is her forte. He feels ~,.;omen should be seen

(used) and not heard, should have stayed a bachelor! (mom!. in Sagittarius inconjunct sun square Saturn) . He feels so thwarted by her at every ·turn (her Saturn on his moon).

She feels the same way but she can manipulate him. He has a hard time making relationships stick when emotional ele ment.s ente:-c int.o it (sun inconj unct moon.)

12. The sorrows, limitations, hidden strengths, repressed thoughts of the relationship. One couJ.d play the martyr here (Scorpio on the twelfth house) could be him

«he never gets anything he wants''! A curious bond here that holds them together (sun square Saturn) transcendentally L.,,' ; B·•

(r'1ars square Uranus) . Much incornpat~ibili ty here (moon inconjunct Jupiter) . The husband feels very limited and sorrowful and sorry for himself (moon square Jupiter square

Saturn), She would love to have a partner to talk to and discuss ideas with--maybe next time (Mercury inconjunct moon/Saturn; Mercury square Uranus. They may go their separate ':vays for the basic partnership philosophy is not understood (Pluto .is the the twelfth house and the eighth ruler) . 115 (

Couple Number

2036

Figure EL. Astrological Natal Chart of the Husband 116

Couple Number

2036

Figure E2. Astrological ~atal Chart of the Wife 117

Couple Number

2036

Figure E3. Astrological Composite Chart of Both Husband and Wife 118

Husband

\~ife

'Figure E/r. Astrological Comj)RriHm Chart of Husband and Wife APPENDIX F

St~tistical Tre~tment

Table Fl. Code numbers for couples

Table F2. Rank order of couples

Table P3. Determination of correlation coefficient

Table F4. Theoretical sampling distribution for matching couples

Table F5. Matching of clinical and astrologi cal evaluations

llS' 120

Table Fl

Code Numbers for Couples ------·-======Couple Test Astrology Number Number Number

1 1398 1025

1139 1396

3 486 1594

4 2034 1661

5 1677 715

6 914 1908

7 431 1268

8 1312 2036

9 1793 2228

10 1721 2302 121 1."

Table F·2·.

Rank Ot·der of Couples

Test Astrology ~----

Couple Raw Code Code Matches with Difference in Number Sc.ox·e Number Number Couple Number Rank Orders 1 ___1 ____ 8 -·-17;11126;- ,, l 3 -+--9-

2 16 1793 I 1661 3 1 1

3 17 2034 1025 5 2 4.

4 20 431 715 7 3 9

5 27 1398 1908 6 1 1

iJ 41 914 2228 2 -4 16

7 1677 2302 1 -6 36

8 63 1312 2036 8 0 0

9 83 1139 159!~ 10 1 1

10 90 486 1396 9 -1 1

~-·--·· I~D 2 78 I 122

Table F3

Determination of Correlation Coefficient

Ti1e comparison of rank orders of the ext.ent of compatibili·ty predicted for couples by astrological means and ra.,-v test scores from the HAI was conducted using Spearman 1 s rank order correlation coefficient (rho) . This may be calculated by the following formula:

rho~l- 6ED 2 N (N 2 -l)

The val~e of rho in this study was found to be .53.

'I'he significance of this statistic was test.ed using Stu- dent's t-distribution, as there were only ten pairs of scores. 'l'he value of t may be calculated by the follmvir~.g formula:

'rhe value of t was found to be approxima·tely l. 76.

The critical value of t for N-2 degrees of freedom and a significance level of .05 was 2.31. Thus, the null hypothe- si.s was not rejected and the correlation coefficient cannot be considered significant. Table E'4 ·

Theoretical Sampling Distribution for Matching Couples

Given a set of ten items with a fixed order, ten

other items, each of which uniquely ma·tches one of the

initial it.ems, may be arranged in lO ways, or 3,628,800.

In or:de:r to compute the probability of a given number of

matches, it is necessary to obtain the number of ways that

the given number of matches may be achieved, and divide

this figure by the numb~r of total possible arranqements.

The numbel.~ of ways a given number of matches may be

achieved is given by the formula N = (CnlO) (10-n-1), whe:ce

N is the nr1.mber of wo.ys that n mat::::hes may be achieved.

The first factor is the number of co.mbin.e1tions of te:.1 items

taken n at a time, and the second fac·t:or compensates for the number of possible arrangements of unmatched itemso

The caluculations for achieving, 5, 6, 7, 8, 9, and

10 matches result in the fol}_owing probabilities:

Number of Hatches

5 ,,00167 6 .00035 7 .000066 8 .000012 9 .000003 10 .0000002

Probabili-ty distxibution o:E number of mat:ches of ten

j_~i:elns ?< 124-

- 'l'able F'5

Matching of Clinical and Astrological Evaluations ====---::...-_-_ - ======·---·-----·--·======:

Test (RT) Astrology (R) ---"-----·------+·--- Test: Code Astrology Astrology Test. Code Number Code Number Code Number Number

1398 1025. 1025 1398

1139 ~---~ .--·1594 1396---- -·-- 486 """'-----~-··-----<;...,, ><.. 486 __.... --1396 1594--- ..__1139

2034 1661 1661 2034

1677 715 715 1677

914 1908 1908 914

431 1268 1268 ...... /1721 1312 2036 2036 X 1312 1793 2228 2228~ ...... 431 / --....__ 1721 2302 2302 -----1793

8 out of 10 5 out of 10

l1ll couples correctly matches except t.hose connected by

lines; lines indicate correct matching.