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Some plants deter deer feeding by their , while others by their taste. Remember, that even some of the more "resistant" plants may still get nibbled as deer determine whether they are palatable not. Feeding choices will also change with the seasons. During the warmer months, deer prefer to eat tender, leafy plants and leave most evergreens alone. This feeding pattern is completely opposite in the winter when evergreens become the primary source. The plants on the following lists are ones that the deer are most likely to ignore by varying degrees.

A = Little to no feeding damage in most landscapes B = Slight feeding damage or visual impact can occur C = Occasional feeding damage with more noticeable impact * = Select varieties

TREES SHRUBS SHRUBS (con'td) Amelanchier (C) Abelia (A) Kerria (C) Baldcypress (C) Althea (C) Lilac, French Hybrids (B) Beech* (B) Amelanchier (C) Lilac, Late (C) Birch (A) Aronia, Red (B) Mockorange (C) Cherry, Kwanzan (B) Azalea, Deciduous (C) (C) Dawn Redwood (C) Barberry (B) Privet (C) Dogwood* (C) Bayberry (A) Smoketree (C) Heptacodium* (B) Beautyberry (C) Spicebush (C) Lilac* (C) Bluebeard (B) Spirea* (C) Ginkgo (B) Broom, Scotch (B) Sumac, Gro-Low (B) Honeylocust (B) Bush B( ) Sweetshrub (C) Horsechestnut (C) Buttonbush (B) Sweetspire (C) * (C) Clethra (C) Viburnum* (C) , Paper Bark (C) (C) Vitex (B) Maple, Red (C) Daphne (B) Weigela (C) Maple, Sugar (C) Deutzia (C) (C) Oak, Red & Pin (C) Diervilla (B) Pawpaw (B) Dogwood* (C) Pear (C) Elder (C) Sassafras (B) Forsythia (B) Tuliptree (C) Fothergilla (C) Willow* (C) Honeysuckle (B) Wisteria (B) Hypericum (B) EVERGREENS & SUN PERENNIALS (cont'd) BROADLEAFS Foxglove (A) Arborvitae, Green Giant (C) Gaillardia (C) Arborvitae, Gruen Kugel (C) Geranium (C) Arborvitae, Whipcord (C) Grass, Perennial (A) Boxwood (A) Iris (B) Cryptomeria (C) Joe Pye (B) Cypress, Siberian (B) Lady's Mantle (B) Fir, Concolor (C) Lamb's Ear (A) Holly, Inkberry (B) Lavender (A) Juniper* (C) Liatris (B) Pieris (A) Lobelia (B) Pine, Mugo (B) Lupine (B) Pine, White (C) Lychnis (A) Milkweed (B) Peony (A) SUN PERENNIALS Pincushion (B) Agastache (A) Poker (B) Allium (A) (A) (B) Rhubarb (A) Anemone (B) Rudbeckia (B) Artemisia (B) Russian Sage (A) Aster (B) Salvia (A) Bachelor Button (B) Snow in Summer (B) Baptisia (A) Spurge (A) Balm (B) Stoke's Aster (B) Candytuft (B) Sunflower (C) Catmint (A) Tansy (A) Columbine (B) Veronica (B) Coneflower (B) Viola (B) Coreopsis (B) Yarrow (B) Delphinium (B) Yucca (A) Dianthus (B)

A = Little to no feeding damage in most landscapes B = Slight feeding damage or visual impact can occur C = Occasional feeding damage with more noticeable impact * = Select varieties SHADE PERENNIALS PERENNIAL VINES Astilbe (B) Akebia (B) Barrenwort (A) Dutchman's Pipe (B) Bergenia (A) Honeysuckle (C) Bleeding Heart (A) Ivy, Boston (C) Brunnera (A) Ivy, Virginia Creeper (C) Porcelain Berry Vine (C) Cimicifuga (A) Silver Lace Vine (B) Coral Bells (B) Trumpet Vine (C) Corydalis (A) Wisteria (B) Fern (A) Foam Flower (B) ANNUALS Helleborus (A) Ageratum (A) Jacob's Ladder (B) Alyssum (A) Ligularia (A) Angelonia (A) Pulmonaria (A) Begonia, Wax (C)� Spiderwort (B) Cleome (B) Toad Lilly (B) Coleus (B) Cosmos (B) Dusty Miller (B) GROUND COVER Geranium (C) Ajuga (B) Marigold (A) Bearberry (A) Snapdragon (A) Bunchberry (B) Torenia (A) Hens and Chicks (A) Zinnia (B) Lamium (A) Lily of the Valley (A) HERBS Liriope (B) (A) Moss (A) Dill (B) Myrtle (C) Mint (A) Pachysandra (A) Oregano (B) Plumbago (B) Parsley (B) Rosemary (A) Sedum (A) Snow on the Mountain (A) BULBS Sweet Woodruff (A) (B) Thyme (A) Daffodil (A) Gladiolus (B) Hyacinth (B) PROTECT YOUR PLANTS Here are a few options to protect deer susceptible plants from feeding:

• Exclusion by netting or fencing - Perimeter fencing must be at least 6 to 8 feet tall - Keep netting at least a foot away from perimeter of the plant when wrapping individually

• Deer repellent products - Available in liquid, granular or stake forms

- Follow product instructions, keeping in mind that product may need to be applied more frequently with overhead irrigation or after rain - Heavy feeding areas may require more frequent application of products or use of a combination of multiple deterrent methods

• Plant deer resistant varieties in front of or around susceptible plants to act as a buffer

ANTLER RUBS rubs can occur between September and December on younger (<4" trunk diameter) or on shrubs with sturdy branching as small as 3/4" diameter. Damage most often includes scraped bark and broken branches, however, young trees may be completely snapped off by this rubbing action. Sturdy trunk guards or fencing barriers are the only way to protect your vulnerable plants during this time of if male deer are present.

This care sheet and more information is available on our website at bordines.com 3/19