DOCSLIB.ORG

Alchohol Abuse and Tavern Reform in Late Colonial Mexico Michael C

Total Page：16

File Type：pdf, Size：1020Kb

Download full-text PDF Read full-text
Alchohol Abuse and Tavern Reform in Late Colonial Mexico Michael C University of South Carolina Scholar Commons Faculty Publications History, Department of 11-1-1980 Alchohol Abuse and Tavern Reform in Late Colonial Mexico Michael C. Scardaville University of South Carolina - Columbia, [email protected] Follow this and additional works at: https://scholarcommons.sc.edu/hist_facpub Part of the History Commons Publication Info Published in Hispanic American Historical Review, Volume 60, Issue 4, 1980, pages 643-671. http://www.hahr.pitt.edu/ © 1980 by Duke University Press This Article is brought to you by the History, Department of at Scholar Commons. It has been accepted for inclusion in Faculty Publications by an authorized administrator of Scholar Commons. For more information, please contact [email protected]. Hispanic AmericanHistorical Review 60(4), 1980, 643-671 Copyright? 1980 by Duke UniversityPress AlcoholAbuse and Tavern Reformin Late Colonial Mexico City MICHAEL C. SCARDAVILLE* STUDIES on drinkingcustoms and practicesin a number of eighteenthand early nineteenth-centuryAmerican and European cities all underlinethe importanceof al- coholicbeverages and tavernsin the lives of the poor. The workson the lower classes of London, Paris, and New Yorkalso documentthe social ills resultingfrom alcohol abuse, most notably,poverty, crime, family dissolution,and disease.' The studyof alcohol use and abuse in colonial Mexico, however,has been severelyhampered by the controversyen- genderedby proponentsof the Black and WhiteLegends. The simplistic Black Legend view of exploitedand demoralizedinebriated native peo- ples was based on standard,often published accounts of moralizing Span- ish officialsand clergywho essentiallypresented traditionalHispanic attitudestowards the Indians and theiruse of intoxicants. Almosta decade ago, one historianwrote that "alcoholismremains one of the importantrelatively unstudied topics in Spanish colonialhis- tory,"and called fora moratoriumon unsubstantiatedgeneralizations and forserious archival research.2 William B. Taylorhas recentlypublished the firstmajor studyon alcohol use in New Spain, althoughit concen- tratesprimarily on the drinkinghabits and patternsin the countryside.3 *The authoris Historianof the HistoricSt. AugustinePreservation Board, a museum dedicated to the studyof Spanish colonial Florida. 1. DorothyM. George, London Life in the XVIIIth Century(New York, 1926); J.J. Tobias, Crime and IndustrialSociety in the 19th Century(New York, 1967); Louis Che- valier,Laboring Classes and Dangerous Classes in Paris duringthe First Half of theNine- teenthCentury, trans. by FrankJellinek (New York, 1973); JeffreyKaplow, The Names of Kings: The Parisian Laboring Poor in the EighteenthCentury (New York, 1972); Douglas Greenberg,Crime and Law Enforcementin the Colony of New York,1691-1776 (Ithaca, 1974); RaymondMohl, Povertyin New York,1783-1825 (New York, 1971). 2. Lewis Hanke, "A Modest Proposal fora Moratoriumon Grand Generalizations: Some Thoughtson the Black Legend," HAHR, 51 (Feb. 1971), 112, 114. For the White Legend position,see Benjamin Keen's two articles,"The Black Legend Revisited: As- sumptionsand Realities," HAHR, 49 (Nov. 1969), 703-719 and "The White Legend Re- visited:A Replyto ProfessorHanke's 'Modest Proposal',"HAHR, 51 (May 1971), 336-355. 3. WilliamB. Taylor,Drinking, Homicide and Rebellionin Colonial MexicanVillages (Stanford,1979). 644 HAHR I NOVEMBER I MICHAEL C. SCARDAVILLE The purpose of this article,however, is to examine the less inhibited urban traditionsof alcohol use in late colonial Mexico by studyingthe pervasiveuse of intoxicantsamong the poor of Mexico City,both Indian and non-Indianalike, in the late eighteenthand early nineteenthcen- turies. The nature of the ubiquitous legal and illegal tavernsand the abortiveprogram to reformthe drinkingplaces will also be analyzedto illustratethe importancethe poor attachedto intoxicantsand the ambi- valent attitudethe administrativeand economic elites held towardthe use of alcohol among Mexico City'spoor.4 Intoxicationposed an unendingproblem for royal and viceregalgov- ernmentsin colonial Mexico. Withina decade afterCortes defeatedthe Aztecs, the Spanishcrown promulgated legislation regulating the use of alcoholicbeverages among the conquered Indians.5Despite a streamof prohibitionsagainst public intoxicationover the three succeedingcen- turies,the lower classes of the colonyreadily and excessivelyimbibed a myriadof legal and illegal intoxicatingbeverages. By the late colonial period, the last halfcentury before the outbreakof the independence wars in 1810, the colonial authoritiescontended that galloping intoxica- tionrates among the poor threatenedthe abilityof the stateto effectively governSpain's richestcolony and its populous administrativeand finan- cial center,Mexico City. Withthe poor comprisingover eighty-fiveper- cent of the city's112,926 inhabitantsin 1790, littlewonder the viceroys fearedthat the errantbehavior caused by alcoholabuse underminedlaw and order in the largestand most rapidlygrowing urban centerin late eighteenthand earlynineteenth-century New Spain.6 Archivaland published sources all indicatethat alcoholic beverages (especiallypulque, aguardiente,and tepache) and taverns(pulquerias, casas de pulque, tepacherias,and vinaterias)assumed a centralrole in 4. This articleis based on materialsconsulted in the followingarchives of Mexico City: ArchivoGeneral de la Naci6n (hereaftercited as AGN), Archivodel AntiguoAyuntarniento (AAA), ArchivoJudicial del Tribunal(AJT), Archivo General del Juzgado(AGJ), and the BibliotecaNacional de Mexico (BN). 5. Cedula, Aug. 24, 1529, AGN, Historia,vol. 573, exp. 2, fols.6-6v. 6. Accordingto the 1790 census of Mexico City,the poor, definedin thisarticle as a collectionof unemployed vagrants, low skilledand factoryworkers, and artisans,comprised 88.1 percent of the population. "Estado general de la poblaci6n de Mexico, capital de Nueva Espafia. afio de 1790," AGN, Impresos Oficiales,vol. 51, exp. 48. It is my contentionthat despite a wide range of incomes between highlyskilled artisanssuch as silversmithsand unskilledlaborers such as watercarriers, the poor formeda distinctsub- culturein whichmany members shared similar attitudes and patternsof conduct which la gente culta, or upper classes, regardedas alien and deviant.Testimony in criminalcases and police arrestrecords illustrates the similarityin values and behavioramong the lower classes of Mexico City in the late colonialperiod. ALCOHOL ABUSE AND TAVERN REFORM 645 the lives ofthe urbanpoor.7 A Spanishvisitor to MexicoCity in the 1790s was impressednot only with its opulence, but also with the excessive numbersof drunkshe saw throughoutall sectionsof the metropolis.8 Contemporariescommented that drinking crimes represented the most commonlycommitted offenses in Mexico Cityin the late colonialperiod. Data takenfrom a series ofpolice and courtrecords called librosde reos underlinethe prevalenceof intoxicants.9Drink related offenses,which included public intoxication,tavern violations, and illegal sale of intoxi- cants, accountedfor more than forty-fivepercent of all arrestsin 1798, the year forwhich the data is most complete: twenty-fourpercent for taverninfractions, twenty-one percent fordrunkenness, and less than one percentfor the unlawfulsale of alcoholicbeverages. 10 In thatyear the citypolice forcesapprehended over 2,300 persons,or approximately three percent of the drinking-agepopulation, for public intoxication.11 During the day and especiallyevenings, the streetsof the capital and even the stepsof the cathedralwere so clutteredwith unconscious drunks 7. Pulque is a fermenteddrink made fromthe juice of the magueyor agave plant. The intoxicantwas sold in eitherthe legal pulquerias (pulque taverns)or illegal casas de pulque (pulque houses). Tepache, an alcoholicbeverage made fromsour pulque mixedwith brownsugar and a varietyof citrusfruits, was sold in the unsanctionedtepache bars or tepacherias.Aguardiente de cana (cane alcohol) is a distilledliquor made fromsugarcane. Althoughvinaterias had been establishedin the sixteenthcentury as wine tavernsfor the Spanish inhabitantsof the city, they had become primarilyaguardiente taverns by the eighteenthcentury. Pulque in itsvarious pure and adulteratedforms was the principaldrink in the lives of the urbanpoor at the end of the colonialperiod, witheach person over fifteenyears of age consumingapproximately 187 gallonsannually. Consumption of aguardientewas con- siderablyless, althoughits higheralcohol contentcompensated for this difference to some extent.Between 1797 and 1804, per capita consumptionof the intoxicantin Mexico City rangedbetween 2.5 and 4 gallons annually.For an extended discussionof consumption rates, see Michael Charles Scardaville,"Crime and the Urban Poor: Mexico City in the Late Colonial Period" (Ph.D. Diss., Universityof Florida, 1977), pp. 211-212. 8. Diario de Madrid, Jan.25, 1791 as quoted in Gazetas de MWxico,Aug. 2, 1791, p. 366. 9. The librosde reos are summaryinventories of 6,064 arrestsand informaland formal judicial hearingsconducted in the nine lower tribunalsof late colonial Mexico City. The ten extantbooks cover the years 1794, 1795, 1796, 1798, 1800, and 1807, and represent criminaldata recorded in the courts of the major judicial officials(corregidor and two alcaldes ordinaries)and in the police districtsof the minorward police (alcaldes de barrio). The librosare locatedin the ArchivoJudicial del Tribunaland ArchivoGeneral del Juzgado, two majorcivil and penal archivesin Mexico City.
Load more

Recommended publications
  • An Examination of Setting in Six Selected Short Novels of Katherine Anne Porter
    Central Washington University ScholarWorks@CWU All Master's Theses Master's Theses 1967 An Examination of Setting in Six Selected Short Novels of Katherine Anne Porter Laurel N. Piippo Central Washington University Follow this and additional works at: https://digitalcommons.cwu.edu/etd Part of the Liberal Studies Commons, and the Scholarship of Teaching and Learning Commons Recommended Citation Piippo, Laurel N., "An Examination of Setting in Six Selected Short Novels of Katherine Anne Porter" (1967). All Master's Theses. 749. https://digitalcommons.cwu.edu/etd/749 This Thesis is brought to you for free and open access by the Master's Theses at ScholarWorks@CWU. It has been accepted for inclusion in All Master's Theses by an authorized administrator of ScholarWorks@CWU. For more information, please contact [email protected]. AN EXAMINATION OF SETTING IN SIX SELECTED SHORT NOVELS OF KATHERINE ANNE PORTER A Thesis Presented to the Graduate Faculty Central Washington State College In Partial Fulfillment of the Requirements of the Degree Master of Education by Laurel N. Piippo December, 1967 ' 1" r · 1•21111111 ••• ti NOU.CJTIO::J Tt':8J.-JS atz £0Jd ~·tu,g CT'I APPROVED FOR THE GRADUATE FACULTY ________________________________ H. L. Anshutz, COMMITTEE CHAIRMAN _________________________________ Keith Rinehart _________________________________ John E. Davis ACKNOWLEDGMENT The writer wishes to express appreciation and gratitude to Dr. H. H. Anshutz, without whose help and encouragement my completion of the require­ ments for a Master's Degree would not be possible. TABLE OF CONTENTS CHAPTER PAGE I. REVIEW OF LITERATURE AND METHOD OF RESEARCH • • l Review of Critical Literature • • • • • • • • l Method of Research • • • • • • • • • • • • • • 3 II.
    [Show full text]
  • This Electronic Thesis Or Dissertation Has Been Downloaded from the King’S Research Portal At
    This electronic thesis or dissertation has been downloaded from the King’s Research Portal at https://kclpure.kcl.ac.uk/portal/ The charro cantor : a mediation between rural and urban culture Luna de Morris, Talia Magdalena The copyright of this thesis rests with the author and no quotation from it or information derived from it may be published without proper acknowledgement. END USER LICENCE AGREEMENT Unless another licence is stated on the immediately following page this work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution-NonCommercial-NoDerivatives 4.0 International licence. https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-nd/4.0/ You are free to copy, distribute and transmit the work Under the following conditions: Attribution: You must attribute the work in the manner specified by the author (but not in any way that suggests that they endorse you or your use of the work). Non Commercial: You may not use this work for commercial purposes. No Derivative Works - You may not alter, transform, or build upon this work. Any of these conditions can be waived if you receive permission from the author. Your fair dealings and other rights are in no way affected by the above. Take down policy If you believe that this document breaches copyright please contact [email protected] providing details, and we will remove access to the work immediately and investigate your claim. Download date: 09. Oct. 2021 ACADEMIC REG1STRAFJ ROOM 261 OFLONDON 'AALETSTREET LONDONWC1 E71 THE CHARRO CANTOR: A MEDIATION BETWEEN RURAL AND URBAN CULTURE Thesissubmitted for the degreeof Ph.D. in SpanishAmerican Studiesby Talia MagdalenaLuna de Morris King's College London University of London 2004 THESIS CONTAINS CD/DVD ABSTRACT This study is a cultural history of the charro cantor who appeared with the development of the mass media in Mexico: the "talkies" and the radio in the 1930s.
    [Show full text]
  • Illustrated Catalogue of Mexican Art Goods And
    LIBRARY OF CONGRESS 11111111111111111111111111111111111111111111111111111111111111111 00009482131 ILLUSTRATED CATALOGUE -OF­ MEXICAN ~ ART ~ GOODS -AND­ CURIOSITIES. JltLSO, *INDI1={N· GOODS* FOR SALE BY THE w. G. WALZ, PROPRIETOR. EL PASO, TEXAS, U. S. A. COPYRIGHT, 1888 BY W. G. WALZ.\1- ___ l'ress of EDWARD STERN & CO. J25-127 North Seventh Street, Philadelphia, Pa., U. S. A. INTRODUCTORY. The Mexican Art and Curiosity Store was established in Paso del Norte, Mexico (opposite the city of EI Paso, Tex.), in 1884. From the beginning the patronage accorded the enter­ prise by the public was very liberal, and it was not long until a removal was necessitated to EI Paso, Tex., in order to secure facilities for doing the increasing business. This removal also enabled the proprietor to pay the duties on the goods in bulk, thus obviating the annoyance previously experienced by cus­ tomer.s in passing small Jots through the custom-house. The cut on the second page of cover shows the elegant quarters now occupied, where visitors can see the largest stock in the world of the curi~us and beautiful goods described in the following catalogue. The numerous requests received from pe'rsons in all parts of the country for price lists have induced the proprietor to establish a Retail Mail Order Department, and this catalogue has been prepared for the accommodation ofsuch as desire to order by mail. To the thousands of tourists and others who have visited the Mexican Art and Curiosity Store in person the proprietor needs no introduction, but for the information of those to whom he is a stranger he respectfully refer& to the First National Bank of EI Paso, or to any of the Commercial Reo­ ports.
    [Show full text]
  • Gender and Race in the Making of Afro-Brazilian Heritage by Jamie Lee Andreson a Dissertation S
    Mothers in the Family of Saints: Gender and Race in the Making of Afro-Brazilian Heritage by Jamie Lee Andreson A dissertation submitted in partial fulfillment of the requirements for the degree of Doctor of Philosophy (Anthropology and History) in the University of Michigan 2020 Doctoral Committee: Professor Paul Christopher Johnson, Chair Associate Professor Paulina Alberto Associate Professor Victoria Langland Associate Professor Gayle Rubin Jamie Lee Andreson [email protected] ORCID iD: 0000-0003-1305-1256 © Jamie Lee Andreson 2020 Dedication This dissertation is dedicated to all the women of Candomblé, and to each person who facilitated my experiences in the terreiros. ii Acknowledgements Without a doubt, the most important people for the creation of this work are the women of Candomblé who have kept traditions alive in their communities for centuries. To them, I ask permission from my own lugar de fala (the place from which I speak). I am immensely grateful to every person who accepted me into religious spaces and homes, treated me with respect, offered me delicious food, good conversation, new ways of thinking and solidarity. My time at the Bate Folha Temple was particularly impactful as I became involved with the production of the documentary for their centennial celebrations in 2016. At the Bate Folha Temple I thank Dona Olga Conceição Cruz, the oldest living member of the family, Cícero Rodrigues Franco Lima, the current head priest, and my closest friend and colleague at the temple, Carla Nogueira. I am grateful to the Agência Experimental of FACOM (Department of Communications) at UFBA (the Federal University of Bahia), led by Professor Severino Beto, for including me in the documentary process.
    [Show full text]
  • Nycfoodinspectionsimple Based on DOHMH New York City Restaurant Inspection Results
    NYCFoodInspectionSimple Based on DOHMH New York City Restaurant Inspection Results DBA BORO STREET ZIPCODE ZUCCHERO E POMODORI Manhattan 2 AVENUE 10021 BAGEL MILL Manhattan 1 AVENUE 10128 MERRYLAND BUFFET Bronx ELM PLACE 10458 NI-NA-AB RESTAURANT Queens PARSONS BOULEVARD KFC Queens QUEENS BLVD 11373 QUAD CINEMA, QUAD Manhattan WEST 13 STREET 10011 BAR JADE GARDEN Bronx WESTCHESTER AVENUE 10461 EL VALLE RESTAURANT Bronx WESTCHESTER AVENUE 10459 EL VALLE RESTAURANT Bronx WESTCHESTER AVENUE 10459 CHIRPING CHICKEN Bronx BUHRE AVENUE 10461 UNION HOTPOT, SHI Brooklyn 50 STREET 11220 SHANG SAINTS AND SINNERS Queens ROOSEVELT AVE 11377 SAINTS AND SINNERS Queens ROOSEVELT AVE 11377 HAPPY GARDEN Brooklyn 3 AVENUE 11209 MUGHLAI INDIAN CUISINE Manhattan 2 AVENUE 10128 PAQUITO'S Manhattan 1 AVENUE 10003 CAS' WEST INDIAN & Brooklyn KINGSTON AVENUE 11213 AMERICAN RESTAURANT BURGER INC Manhattan WEST 14 STREET 10014 Page 1 of 556 09/28/2021 NYCFoodInspectionSimple Based on DOHMH New York City Restaurant Inspection Results CUISINE DESCRIPTION INSPECTION DATE Italian 10/31/2019 Bagels/Pretzels 02/28/2020 Chinese 04/22/2019 Latin American 04/09/2018 American 09/09/2019 American 07/27/2018 Chinese 08/02/2021 Latin American 06/14/2017 Latin American 06/14/2017 Chicken 04/11/2018 Chinese 07/25/2019 American 05/06/2019 American 05/06/2019 Chinese 05/02/2018 Indian 10/11/2017 Mexican 04/04/2017 Caribbean 11/16/2017 American 08/27/2018 Page 2 of 556 09/28/2021 NYCFoodInspectionSimple Based on DOHMH New York City Restaurant Inspection Results LA CABANA Manhattan
    [Show full text]
  • Foodinspectionbasic Based on Food Inspections
    FoodInspectionBasic Based on Food Inspections DBA Name IPSENTO FLAT GRILL 7- ELEVEN CHICAGO BY NIGHT THE NEW GRACE RESTAURANT FURIOUS SPOON EN PASSANT Beaubien Elementary School UNCOMMON GROUND THE DRAKE HOTEL LIME LEAF Kozminski THIRD RAIL TAVERN MAX'S TAKE OUT SAIGON PHO GOGI NARA SUBWAY Subway ROYALTY ARYA BHAVAN Page 1 of 478 09/27/2021 FoodInspectionBasic Based on Food Inspections AKA Name Risk IPSENTO Risk 2 (Medium) FLAT GRILL Risk 1 (High) 7- ELEVEN Risk 2 (Medium) CHICAGO BY NIGHT Risk 1 (High) THE NEW GRACE RESTAURANT Risk 1 (High) FURIOUS SPOON Risk 1 (High) EN PASSANT Risk 1 (High) Beaubien Elementary School Risk 1 (High) UNCOMMON GROUND Risk 1 (High) THE DRAKE HOTEL Risk 1 (High) LIME LEAF Risk 1 (High) Kozminski Risk 1 (High) THIRD RAIL TAVERN Risk 1 (High) MAX'S TAKE OUT Risk 1 (High) SAIGON PHO Risk 1 (High) GOGI NARA Risk 1 (High) SUBWAY Risk 1 (High) Subway Risk 1 (High) ROYALTY Risk 1 (High) ARYA BHAVAN Risk 1 (High) Page 2 of 478 09/27/2021 FoodInspectionBasic Based on Food Inspections ROSATI'S GRANT PARK MIMI'S TACOS THE ORIGINA GINO'S EAST CHICAGO BUTTERDOUGH KIMBALL MINI MART PRET A MANAGER FLASH FOOD MART SUMMER COQ D OR M & M FOOD DAYGLOW SUBWAY SUBWAY #44541 TRATTORIA ULTIMO MISS SAIGON GRAZE TACO MAYA BIAN BLACK DOG GELATO DUNKIN DONUTS NANDO'S PERI-PERI BROTHER'S SUBMARINE INC Page 3 of 478 09/27/2021 FoodInspectionBasic Based on Food Inspections ROSATI'S Risk 1 (High) MIMI'S TACOS Risk 1 (High) GINO'S EAST Risk 1 (High) BUTTERDOUGH Risk 1 (High) KIMBALL MINI MART Risk 3 (Low) PRET A MANGER Risk 1 (High) FLASH
    [Show full text]
  • Two Thousand Miles Through the Heart of Mexico
    Accession Shelf No. l(p(o^ Cl yi; UlCCiAJCi Cornell University Library F 1215.M12 Two thousand miles through the heart of 3 1924 006 437 960 a Cornell University y Library The original of tliis book is in tine Cornell University Library. There are no known copyright restrictions in the United States on the use of the text. http://www.archive.org/details/cu31924006437960 ..^.'f From HAUPtu's Magazine. Garden Scene. X TWO THOUSAND MILES THROUGH THE HEART OF MEXICO. REV. J. HESDIUCKSOX MCCARTY, D.D.,. AoTHOR OF "The Black Horsb and Carrvall/* ** Inside the Gates," etc. NEW YOKE: PHILLIPS & BUlfT. CINCINNATI: j^ CSA NS TON <e IS TO W 1886. Copyright, iS86, by PHILLIPS * HUNT. JJew York. ., TO THE MEMORV OF MY MOTHER. Ths.Authok. INTRODUCTOEY. ^7^ BOUT two years ago the author was enabled to ^^^ make somewhat of an extended tour through the lotus land of Mexico, which is almost as old as time and as quaint as Egypt itself. Mexico is a marvelous conglomerate of the ancient a;nd the modern—the pathetic and the ludicrous. To gaze upon a country and mingle with a people of whom he had read much in various books had long been a cherished desire of his heart. And to be able to gratify that desire constituted an epoch in his life. When but a mere lad he had read the glowing accounts ofthe famous battles of Palo Alto andResacadelaPalma, the storming of Monterey, and the victory of Buena Vista, where the brave Taylor and his gallant troops won renown.
    [Show full text]
  • Tina Modotti and "Idols Behind Altars"
    University of Louisville ThinkIR: The University of Louisville's Institutional Repository Electronic Theses and Dissertations 5-2003 Tina Modotti and "Idols Behind Altars". Andrea Jeanne Deetsch 1976- University of Louisville Follow this and additional works at: https://ir.library.louisville.edu/etd Recommended Citation Deetsch, Andrea Jeanne 1976-, "Tina Modotti and "Idols Behind Altars"." (2003). Electronic Theses and Dissertations. Paper 327. https://doi.org/10.18297/etd/327 This Master's Thesis is brought to you for free and open access by ThinkIR: The University of Louisville's Institutional Repository. It has been accepted for inclusion in Electronic Theses and Dissertations by an authorized administrator of ThinkIR: The University of Louisville's Institutional Repository. This title appears here courtesy of the author, who has retained all other copyrights. For more information, please contact [email protected]. TINA MODOTTI AND IDOLS BEHIND ALTARS By Andrea Jeanne Deetsch B.A. Hanover College, 1998 A Thesis Submitted to the faculty of the Fine Arts Department of the University of L)uisville in Partial Fulfillment of the Requirements for the Degree of Master of Arts Department of Fine Arts University of Louisville Louisville, Kentucky May 2003 1 TINA MODOTTI AND IDOLS BEHIND ALTARS By Andrea Jeanne Deetsch B.A., Hanover College, 1998 A Thesis Approved on Apri115,2003 By the following Thesis Committee: Thesis Director 11 DEDICATION This thesis is dedicated to my parents, Velma and Don Saylor, Who have given me invaluable educational opportunities and supported my every endeavor; To my sister Bridgette Saylor, for all her support and shared interests in art and art history; To Steven Worful, Humanities Teacher, who introduced me to Art History; To Dr.
    [Show full text]
  • Pre-Departure Guide Mexico Fall 2019
    Mexico Fall 2019 Page 1 Pre-Departure Guide Mexico Fall 2019 Return to Contents Mexico Fall 2019 Page 2 TABLE OF CONTENTS Welcome from Director F. Communication 1. Mailing Address I. ACADEMIC INFORMATION 2. Phone Numbers and Cell Phones A. Faculty and Staff in Mexico 3. Computers, Email and Internet B. Who to Contact Access C. Books 4. Library Resources D. Courses, Registration and Evaluation G. Travel Within Mexico E. Related Components of the Academic Program 1. Weekend Travel 1. Living/Learning Environment 2. Fall Break 2. Social Change Lab Group 3. Optional Travel after Program 3. Speaking Spanish Ends 4. Homestay 4. Visits from Family and Friend F. Semester Calendars and Schedules 5. Hotel Information H. Extracurricular Activities in Cuerna- II. GENERAL INFORMATION vaca A. Required Travel Documents 1. Exercise Options and Sports 1. Passport Requirements 2. Nightlife 2. Visa Requirements and Tourist Cards 3. Religious Life B. Safety and Security I. Money Matters C. Health Issues 1. Common Health Concerns J. What To Bring 2. HIV/AIDS 1. General Recommendations 3. Zika Virus 2. Suggested Packing Checklist 4. Health Care Providers 5. Alcohol and Drug Abuse III. MAP OF MEXICO AND U.S. STATE DE- 6. Immunizations PARTMENT COUNTRY INFORMATION 7. Diarrhea, Cholera, Typhoid and Dys- entery Prevention VI. ADVICE FROM FORMER STUDENTS 8. Health Insurance A. For Students of Color D. Arrival and Departure Information B. For White Students E. Locale and Facilities C. For Persons Identifying as Recover- 1. Cuernavaca 2. Currency Exchange ing Alcoholics or Addicts 3. Time D. For Students with Mental Health Is- 4.
    [Show full text]
  • Royal Tobacco Monopoly in Bourbon Mexico, 1764-1810
    THE ROYAL TOBACCO MONOPOLY IN BOURBON MEXICO, 1764-1810 BY DAVID LORNE McWATTERS A DISSERTATION PRESENTED TO THE GRADUATE COUNCIL OF THE UNIVERSITY OF FLORIDA IN PARTIAL FULFILLMENT OF THE REQUIREMENTS FOR THE DEGREE OF DOCTOR OF PHILOSOPHY UT'^IVERSITY OF FLORIDA 1979 Copyright 1979 by David Lorne McWatters Dedicated to my parents •^^^Mi.- ^>-<m~< ^.^•mt I ACKNOIJLEDGMENTS I am Indebted to many people for the successful completion of the dissertation. First and foremost, I must credit my parents with instilling a healthy respect for the importance of education and for always encourag- ing me to continue. They have enriched my life in ways too numerous to explain. Dr. Lyle N. McAlister guided me through the Ph.D. program and offered helpful advice on the writing and researching of the dissertation. I am particularly indebted to him for his warning to avoid the study of policy rather than reality, the oldest of the sins of Latin American his- torians. I owe a special thanks to Dr. Christen I. Archer, my M.A. super- visor at the University of Calgary. Dr. Archer introduced me to colonial history and suggested I explore the topic of the dissertation. I also wish to thank the members of my committee, Dr. William Woodruff. Dr. John Sommerville, Dr. Eldon Turner and Dr. George Winius, From Dr. Woodruff in particular I gained perspective on the broad movement of histo- rical change and increased respect for cultural relativity. Dr. David Denslow and Dr. E. Ashby Hammond agreed to read the dissertation. Their help is greatly appreciated. Marjorie Summers did an excellent job of drawing the maps.
    [Show full text]
  • Underthevolcano-Lowry.Pdf
    MALCOLM LOWRY UNDER THE VOLCANO With an Introduction by STEPHEN SPENDER copyright 1947 To Margerie, my wife Wonders are many, and none is more wonderful than man; the power that crosses the white sea, driven by the stormy south-wind, making a path under surges that threaten to engulf him; and Earth, the eldest of the gods, the immortal, unwearied, doth he wear, turning the soil with the offspring of horses, as the ploughs go to and fro from year to year. And the light-hearted race of birds, and the tribes of savage beasts, and the sea-brood of the deep, he snares in the meshes of his woven toils, he leads captive, man excellent in wit. And he masters by his arts the beast whose lair is in the wilds, who roams the hills; he tames the horse of shaggy mane, he puts the yoke upon its neck, he tames the tireless mountain bull. And speech, and wind-swift thought, and all the moods that mould a state, hath he taught himself; and how to flee the arrows of the frost, when it is hard lodging under the clear sky, and the arrows of the rushing rain; yea, he hath resource for all; without resource he meets nothing that must come; only against Death shall he call for aid in vain; but from baffling maladies he hath devised escapes. Sophocles—Antigone Now I blessed the condition of the dog and load, yea, gladly would I have been in the condition of the dog or horse, for I knew they had no soul to perish under the everlasting weight of Hell or Sin, as mine was like to do.
    [Show full text]
  • Pre-Departure Guide Mexico Summer 2019
    Mexico Summer 2019 Page 1 Pre-Departure Guide Mexico Summer 2019 Return to Top Mexico Summer 2019 Page 2 TABLE OF CONTENTS I. Academic Information E. Locale and Facilities A. Faculty and Staff in Mexico 1. Cuernavaca 2. Currency Exchange B. Who to Contact 3. Time C. Book List 4. Weather Conditions D. Registration and Course Information 5. Housing: Facilities and House Rules 1. Registration Information and Dead- G. Communication lines 1. Mailing Address 2. Guidelines and Recommendation for 2. Phones and Phone Numbers Course Registration 3. Computers, Email. Internet Access 3. Information regarding Registration 4. Library Resources for Spanish Courses 5. During Homestay 4. Class Schedule and Contact Hours H. Travel Information E. Related Components 1. Arrival in Cuernavaca 1. Orientation 2. Entry Requirement 2. Excursions 3. Travel within Mexico 3. Concurrent Programs 4. Visits from Family and Friends 4. Living/Learning Environment I. Extracurricular Activities in Cuernavaca 5. Homestays 1. Exercise Options, Sports and Hobbies F. Tentative Calendars and Schedule Infor- 2. Recommended Activities/Locations mation 3. Religious Life J. Money Matters II. General Information K. What To Bring A. Safety and Security 1. General Recommendations 1. Registration with U.S. Embassy 2. Suggested Packing Check List 2. Travel Alerts in Mexico 3. Security Measures at Augsburg Study Map of Mexico and U.S. State Department Center Country Information 5. Travel Advice D. Health Information Advice from Former Students 1. Pre-Departure Resources A. For Students of Color 2. Insurance B. For White Students 3. Common Health Concerns C. For Persons Identifying as Recovering 4. HIV/AIDS Alcoholics or Addicts 5.
    [Show full text]