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Celery Mosaic Virus Occurring in Poland

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Celery Mosaic Virus Occurring in Poland Warsaw University of Life Sciences, Warsaw, Poland CELERY MOSAIC VIRUS OCCURRING IN POLAND E. Paduch-Cichal and K. Sala-Rejczak Key words: celery cultivars, CeMV, ELISA Observation of 28 Polish celery cultivars was conducted in September 2008. Sixteen celery cultivars: ‘Albin’, ‘Brilant’, ‘Denar’, ‘Diamant’, ‘Feniks’, ‘Ilona’, ‘Luna’, ‘Makar’, ‘Mentor’, ‘Monarch’, ‘Neon’, ‘President’, ‘Prinz Rex’, ‘Talar’, ‘Tango’ and ‘Zagłoba’ did not show any symptoms. Leaf chlorosis was observed of celery cultivars ‘Dukat’, ‘Eden’, ‘Maxim’, ‘Snow White’, ‘Helios’ and ‘Zefir’. Severe leaf deformation and leaf chlorosis were noted on leaves of cultivar ‘Cisko’. Celery cultivars ‘Gol’ and ‘Jabłkowy’ developed leaf deformation, chlorosis, chlorotic spots and rings, necrosis and amarantic leaf sides (Phot. 1). Severe leaf chlorosis, yellow areas along and between the veins of young and mature leaves, leaf up-curl- ing and necrosis were apparent in CeMV infected cv. ‘Edward’ and ‘Verden Pascal’ (Phot. 2). No traces of pathogenic bacteria or fungi were found on symptomatic plants. The symptoms could not be attributed to phytoplasma infection. On the other hand, they resembled some of the symptoms of the disease caused by Celery mosaic virus (Shepard and Grogan 1971, Pemberton and Frost 1974, Walkey and Ward 1984, Bos et al. 1989). Celery mosaic virus (CeMV)is a member of the family Potyviridae, the genus Potyvirus (Family Potyviridae 2005). This virus is restricted in host range to the Apiaceae. It causes a serious disease of celery (Apium graveolens var. rapaceum)worldwide. CeMV is transmitted by aphids in a non- persistent manner. Disease symptoms include formation of mosaic patterns on leaves, vein clearing, mottling brown spotting, leaflet twisting or cupping, and stunting. Occasionally, the disease causes serious losses (Shepard and Grogan 1971, Pemberton and Frost 1974, 1986, Bos et al. 1989). The classical double antibody sandwich DAS-ELISA test according to Clark and Adams (1977)was used to detect CeMV. In this experiment the commercial kit (Loewe Biochemica GmbH, Germany)was used. Samples were prepared by grind - ing 0.25 g portion of plant materials with extracting buffer at 1/20 (w/v)dilution. The leaf samples for testing were collected from 28 celery cultivars. The individual samples were tested from celery plant of each investigated cultivar. The virus was presented in the plants when A405 reading obtained the range 1.4–1.9 and was absent when it did not exceed 0.145. Based on analysis of mean A405 values CeMV was detected in cultivars with symptoms and in symptomless (Table 1). Phytopathologia 57: 45–48 © The Polish Phytopathological Society, Poznań 2010 ISSN 2081-1756 46 Short communications Phot. 1. Chlorotic spots and rings on celery leaves cv. ‘Gol’ (photo by E. Paduch-Cichal) Phot. 2. Chlorosis and necrosis on celery leaves cv. ‘Edward’ (photo by E. Paduch-Cichal) Short communications 47 Celery mosaic virus is an important Table 1 celery pathogen. It is known in sev- Detection of CeMV in celery cultivars: eral countries: The Netherlands number of individual plants infected versus (Hollings 1964, Bos et al. 1989), Bel- number of individual plants tested gium, England, France, Germany, USA (Shepard and Grogan 1971), Cultivar Results of ELISA test Egypt (Oliveira and Kitajima 1981) ‘Dukat’ 21/21 and South Australia (Alberts et al. ‘Eden’ 21/21 1989). Celery yellow mosaic virus ‘Maxim’ 21/21 (CeYMV, family Potyviridae, tentative ‘Snow White’ 21/21 species in the genus Potyvirus (Fam- ‘Cisko’ 20/20 ily Potyviridae 2005), was found on ‘Helios’ 19/19 celery plants in Egypt (Amal Abo ‘Zefir’ 19/19 El-Ela et al. 2005). ‘Gol’ 12/12 In the experiment reported, ‘Jabłkowy’ 17/17 CeMV was not found in any plant of ‘Edward’ 21/21 the 14 celery cultivars tested. All plants of the other 13 cultivars tested ‘Verden Pascal’ 17/17 reacted positively with the CeMV ‘Makar’ 17/17 specific antiserum in DAS-ELISA ‘Mentor’ 19/19 test. Two celery cultivars: ‘Makar’ ‘Albin’ 0/18 and ‘Mentor’ were CeMV infected, ‘Brilant’ 0/21 although no symptoms were noted ‘Denar’ 0/20 on any plant of these cultivars. Other ‘Diamant’ 0/14 cultivars developed leaf deformation, ‘Feniks’ 0/20 chlorosis, necrosis, amarantic leaf ‘Ilona’ 0/21 sides, yellow areas leaf up-curling or ‘Luna’ 0/17 necrosis. Reaction was similar to ’Monarch’ 0/21 those described by Shepard and Gro- gan (1971), Pemberton and Frost ‘Neon’ 0/16 (1974), Walkey and Ward (1984) ‘President’ 0/21 and Bos et al. (1989). ‘Prinz Rex’ 0/17 As far as we know, this is the first ‘Talar’ 0/21 report of CeMV in celery in Poland. ‘Tango’ 0/16 The investigation on the occur- ‘Zagłoba’ 0/21 rence of CeMV in celery cultivars will be continued. We intend to confirm our results by bioassays and RT-PCR technique. We would like to try to detect CeYMV using all available methods (bioassay, ELISA test and RT-PCR technique). 48 Short communications Literature Alberts E., Francki R.I.B., Dietzgen R.G., 1989: An epidemic of celery mosaic virus in South Australian celery. Aust. J. Agric. Res. 40: 1027–1036. Amal Abo El-Ela A., Amer M.A., Abo El-Abbas F., 2005: Celery Yellow Mosaic Potyvirus affecting Umbelliferae plants in Egypt. Egypt. J. Virol. 2, 1: 269–282. Bos L., Mandersloot H.J., Vader F., Steenbergen B., 1989: An epidemic of celery mosaic potyvirus in celeriac (Apium graveolens var. rapaceum) in The Netherlands. Neth. J. Plant Pathol. 95: 225–240. Clark M.F., Adams A.N., 1977: Characteristics of the microplate method of enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay for the detection of plant viruses. J. Gen. Virol. 34: 475–483. Family Potyviridae. 2005. In: Virus taxonomy. Classification and nomenclature of viruses. Eighth Report of the International Committee on the Taxonomy of Viruses. Eds. C.M. Fauquet, M.A. Mayo, J. Maniloff, U. Desselberger, L.A. Ball. Elsevier, San Diego: 819–829. Hollings M., 1964: Some properties of five viruses of celery (Apium graveolens L.)in Britain. J. Hortic. Sci. 39: 130–141. Oliveira M.L., Kitajima E.W., 1981: Biological properties of celery yellow mosaic virus. Fitopatol. Bras. 6: 35–46. Pemberton A.W., Frost R.R., 1974: Celery mosaic virus in England. Plant Pathol. 23: 20–24. Pemberton A.W., Frost R.R., 1986: Virus diseases of celery in England. Ann. Appl. Biol. 108: 319–331. Shepard J.F., Grogan R.G., 1971: Celery mosaic virus. CMI/AAB Descr. Plant Viruses 50. Walkey D.G.A., Ward C.M., 1984: The reaction of celery (Apium graveolens L.)to infection by celery mo - saic virus. J. Agric. Sci. 103: 415–419. Authors’ address: Dr. hab. Elżbieta Paduch-Cichal, Dr. Kinga Sala-Rejczak, Department of Plant Pathology, Warsaw University of Life Sciences, ul. Nowoursynowska 159, 02-776 Warszawa, Poland, e-mail: [email protected] Accepted for publication: 2.09.2010.
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