DOCSLIB.ORG

Criminal Victimization I .Of New York State Residents

Total Page：16

File Type：pdf, Size：1020Kb

Download full-text PDF Read full-text
Criminal Victimization I .Of New York State Residents If you have issues viewing or accessing this file, please contact us at NCJRS.gov. u.s. Department of Justice Bureau of Justice Statistics = "'it Criminal Victimization I .of New York State Residents Percent distribution of crimes, 1977 . Bureau of Justice Statistics Reports The Police and Public Opinion: An Analysis Trends In Expenditure and Employment Data of Vlctinlization and Attitude Data Irom lor the Criminal Justice System, 1971-77 Single copies are available at no charge Irom the 13 American Cities, NCJ-42018 (annual), NCJ-57463 National Criminal Justice Relerence Service, Box An Introduction to the National Crime Expenditure and Employment Data lor the 6000, Rockville, Md. 20850. Multiple copies are lor Survey, NCJ-43732 Criminal Justice System (annual) sale by the':Superlntendent 01 Documents, U.S. Compensating Victims 01 Violent Crime: 1978 Summary Report, NCJ-66483 Governmel1t Printing Office, Washington, D.C. Potential Costs and Coverage of a National 1978 final report, NCJ-664B2 20402. Program, NCJ-433B7 1977 final report, NCJ-53206 Crime Against Persons In Urban, Suburban, and Rural Areas; A Comparative Analysis of National Crime Survey: Victimlzatfon Rates, NCJ-53551 Dictionary of Criminal Justice Data Terminology: Criminal IlIctlmlzation In the United States Rape Victimization In 26 American Cities, Terms and Definitions Proposed for Interstate (annual): NCJ-5587B and National Dala Collection and Exchange, Summary Findings of 1977-78 Changes in Criminal Victimization In Urban Schools, NCJ-36747 Crime and of Trends Since 1973, NCJ- NCJ-56396 6136E1 Criminal Justice Agencies In the U.S.: A Description of Trends from 1973 to 1977. National Prisoner Statistics: Summary Report of the Natlond Criminal NCJc59898 Capital Punishment (annualj: Justice Agency List, NCJ-65560 1978 (final report). NCJ-664BO 197B, NCJ-59897 Criminal Justice Agencies In Region 1977, NCJ-53725 1979 advance report, NCJ- 67705 1: Conn., Maine, Mass., N.H., R I., VI., 1976, NCJ-49543 Prisoners In Stale and Federallnslitutions on NCJ-17930 1975, NCJ-44593 December 31: 2: N,J .. N.Y .. NCJ-17931 1974, NCJ-39467 1978, NCJ-64671 3: Del., D.C., Md., Pa., Va., W.Va., NCJ-17932 1973, NCJ-34732 1979 advance report, NCJ-66522 4: Ala., Ga., Fla., Ky., Miss" N.C., S.C" Tenn" The Cost of Negligence: Losses from Census 01 State Correctional Facilities, 1974 NCJ-17933 Preventable Household Burglaries, advance report, NCJ-25642 5: III., Ind .. Mirh., Minn., Ohio, Wis" NGJ- NCJ-53527 Profile 01 State Prison Inmates: Socio­ 17934 . InUmate Vlctlmll: A Study 6f Violence AmCing demographic Findings from the 1974 Survey 6: Ark., La., N.Mex., Okla., Tex., NCJ-17935 Friends and Relatives, NCJ-62319 of Inmates of State Correctional Facilities, 7: Iowa, Kans., Mo ,Nebr.. NCJ-17936 Crime and Seascmallty, NCJ-64B1B NCJ-5B257 8: Colo., Mont., N,Dak" S.Dak" Utah, Wyo,. Criminal Victimization of New York State Census 01 Prisoners In State Correctional NCJ-17937 Residents, 1974-77, NCJ-664Bl Facilities, 1973, NCJ-34729 9: Ariz., Calil., Hawaii, Nev., NCJ-15151 Criminal Vlctlmlzatlon Surveys In 13 Census of .Jalls and Survey 01 Jail Inmates, 10: Alaska, Idaho, Oreg., Wflsh .. NCJ-1793B American cities (summary report, 1 vol.), 1978, preliminary report, NCJ-55172 NCJ-18471 Profile 01 Inmates 01 Local Jails: Soclo­ Boston, NCJ-34B1B demographic Findings from the 197B Survey Buffalo, NCJ-34B20 of Inmates of Loca.! Jails, NCJ-65412 Utilization of Criminal Justice Statistics Cli1Iclnnatl, NCJ-34819 The N~tion's Jails: A report on the census Project: Houston, NCJ-34821 of jails from the 1972 Survey of Inmates of Sourcebook of Criminal Justice Statistics Miami, NCJ-34B22 Local Jails, NCJ-19067 1979 (annual). NCJ-59679 Milwaukee, NCJ-34B23 Survey allnmates of local Jails, 1972, Public Opinion Regarding Crime, Criminat Minneapolis, NCJ-34B24 advance report, NCJ-13313 Justice, and Related Topics, NCJ-17419 New Orleans, NCJ-34B25 New Directions in Processing of Juvenile Oakland, NCJ-34B26 Uniform Parole Reports: Offenders: The Denver Model. NCJ-17 420 Pittsburgh, NCJ-34B27 Parole In the United States (annual): Who Gets Detained? An Empirical Analysis San Diego, NCJ-34B2B 1978, NCJ-58722 of the Pre-Adjudicatory Detention of San Francisco, NCJ-34629 1976and 1977, NCJ-49702 Juveniles in Denver. NC,J-17417 Washington, D.C., NCJ-34830 Characterls!lcs 01 the Parole Juvenile Dispositions: Social and Legal Public Altitudes About Crime (13 vols.): Population, 197B, NCJ-66479 Factors Related to the Processing of Denver Boston, NCJ-46235 A National Survey 01 Parole-Related Delinquency Cases, NCJ-17418 Buffalo, NCJ-46236 Legislation Enacted During the 1979 Olfender-Based Transaction Statislics: New Cincinnati, NCJ-46237 Legislative Session, NCJ-6421B Directions in Data Collection and Reporting, Houston, NCJ-46238 NCJ-296.16 Miami, NCJ-46239 Children In Custody: Juvenile Detention and Sentencing of California Felony Offenders, Mllwauke.. , NCJ-46240 Correctional Facility Census NCJ-29646 Minneap'illls, NCJ-46241 1977 advance report: The Judicial processing of Assault and New Orleans, NCJ-46242 Census of Public Juvenile Facilities, Burglary Offenders in Selected California Oakland, NCJ-46243 NCJ-60967 Counties, NC,t-29644 Pittsburgh, NCJ-46244 Cens.us of Private Juvenile Facilities, Pre-Adjudicatory Detention in Three Juvenile San Diego, NCJ-46245 NCJ·60968 Courts, NCJ-34730 San Francisco, NCJ-46246 1975 (final report), NCJ-5B139 Delinquency Disposilions: An Empirical Washington, D.C., NCJ-46247 1974, NCJ-57946 Analysis of Processing Decisions in Three Criminal Vlcllmlzatlon Surveys In Chlcagtl, 1973, NCJ-44777 Juvenile Courts. NCJ-34734 Detro!!, Los Angeles, New York, and 1971, NCJ-13403 The Patterns and Distribution of Assaull Philadelphia: A Comparison of 1972 and Incident Characteristics Among Social 1974 Findings, NCJ-36360 Myths and Realities About Crime: A Areas, NCJ-40025 Criminal Victimization Surveys In the Nontechnical Presentation of Selected Patterns of Robbery Characteristics and Their Nation's Five Largest Cilles: National Information from the National Prisoner Occurrence Among Social Areas, NCJ-40026 Crime Panel Surveys in Chicago, Detroit, Statistics Program and the National Crime Crime-Specific Analysis: Los Angeles, New York, and Philadelphia, Survey, NCJ-46249 The Characteristics of Burglary Incidents, 1972, NCJ-16909 NCJ-42093 Criminal Victimization Surveys In Eight State and Local Probation and Parole Systems, An Empirical Examinaticr] of Burglary American Cilles: A Comparison of 1971/72 NCJ-41335 Offender Characteristics. NCJ-43131 and 1974175 Findings-National Crime State and Lotal Prosecution and Civil Attorney An Empirical Examination of Burglary Surveys in Atlanta, Baltimore, Cleveland, Systems, NCJ-41334 Offenders and Offense Characteristics, Dallas, Denver, Newark, Portland, and St. National Survey 01 Court Organization: NCJ-42476 Louis, NCJ-36361 1977 Supplemer,t to State Judicial Systems, Sources of National Criminal Justice Crimes and Victims: A Report on the Day ton/ NCJ-40022 Statistics: An Annotated Bibliography. San Jose Pilot Survey of Victimization, 1975 Supplement to State Judicial Systems, NCJ-45006 NCJ-013314 NCJ-29433 Federal Criminal SentenCing: Perspectives Indicators 01 Crime and Criminal Justice: 1971 (futl report), NCJ-11427 01 Analysis and a Design for Research, Quantitative Studies, NCJ-62349 NCJ-33683 State Court Model Statistical Dictionary, Varlations!n Federal Criminal Sentences: Applications of the National Crime NCJ-62320 A Statistical Assessment at the National Survey Victimization and Attitude Data: State Court Caseload Statistics: Level, NCJ-33684 Public Opinion About crime: The Attitudes The State of the Art, NCJ,,46934 Federal Sentencing Patterns: A Study of of Victims and Nonvictims In SEllected Ann ual Report, 1975, NCJ-51885 Geographical Variations, NCJ-33685 Cities, NCJ-41336 . Annual Report, 1976, NCJ-56599 Predicting Sentences In Federal Courts: The Local Victim Suroleys: A Review of the A Cross-City Comparison 01 Felony Case Feasibility 01 a Nalional Sentencing Policy. Issues, NCJ-39973 Processing, NCJ-55171 NCJ-33686 U.S. Department of Justlce Bureau of Justice Statistics Criminal Victimization (1~f New York State Residents 1974-77 A National Crime Survey Report NCJ-66481, SD-NCS-S-1, June 1980 • !. For sale by the Superintendent of Documents, U.S. Government Printing Oftlce, Washington, D.C. 20402 U.S. DEPARTMENT OF JUSTICE Bureau of Justice Statistics Benjamin H. Renshaw, III Acting Director Acknowledgements. This report was written by J. Frederick Shenk, Crime Statistics Analysis Staff, Bureau of the Census, under the supervision of Adolfo L. Paez; statistical assistance was provided by Siretta L. Kelly. tn the Bureau or' Justice Statistics, general supervision was supplied by Charles R. Kindermann, assisted by Patsy A. Klaus. Collection and processing of National Crime Survey data is conducted by the Bureau of the Census; at present, the program is under the general supervision of Evan H. Davey, Demographic Surveys Division, assisted by Robert N. Tinari and Robert L. Goodson. The report was reviewed for technical matters in the Statistical Methods Division, under the supervision of Margar~t E. Schooley Hill, assisted by Thomas F. Moore and Lawrence W. Altmayer. I Although appropriate for producing State-level estimates of crime, the sample was not suitable, because of its size and design, for generating comparable information for smaller jurisdictions within New York State, such as counties or cities. However, victimization
Load more

Recommended publications
  • Transaction-Tax Evasion in the Housing Market José G
    Transaction-tax Evasion in the Housing Market José G. Montalvo Amedeo Piolatto Josep Raya This version: January 2020 (March 2019) Barcelona GSE Working Paper Series Working Paper nº 1080 Transaction-tax evasion in the housing market Revised Version January 2020 Jos´eG. Montalvo 1 Amedeo Piolatto2 Josep Raya3 U. Pompeu Fabra-ICREA, Autonomous U. Barcelona, U. Pompeu Fabra, Research Professor BGSE BGSE, IEB, MOVE ESCSE (Tecnocampus) Acknowledgements: We gratefully acknowledges the financial sup- port of the Spanish Ministry of Economy and Competitiveness (Mont- alvo: ECO2017-82696P, Piolatto: PGC2018-094348; Raya: ECO2016- 78816R), the Government of Catalonia (Montalvo: ICREA-Academia and SGR2017-616; Piolatto: 2017SGR711), the Programa Ram´ony Cajal (Piolatto: RYC-2016-19371), the Severo Ochoa Programme for Centres of Excellence in R&D of the Spanish Ministry of Economy and Competitiveness (Montalvo and Piolatto: SEV-2015-0563) and the Barcelona GSE. 1Universitat Pompeu Fabra, Ramon Trias Fargas 25-27, 08005 Barcelona. Tel.: +34 935 422 509. E-mail: [email protected] 2[Corresponding Author] Autonomous U. Barcelona (UAB), Bellaterra Campus, 08193, Barcelona. Tel.: Phone: +34 935 868 493 E-mail: [email protected] 3Universitat Pompeu Fabra, Ramon Trias Fargas 25-27, 08005 Barcelona. Tel.: +34 931 696 501. E-mail: [email protected] Abstract We model the behaviour of a mortgagor considering to evade the real estate transfer tax. We build an observable measure of over-appraisal that is in- versely related with tax evasion and conclude that the tax authority could focus auditing efforts on low-appraisal transactions. We include `behavi- oural' components (shame and stigma) allowing to introduce buyers' and societal characteristics that explain individual and idiosyncratic variations.
    [Show full text]
  • Recovering from Childhood Abuse
    Recovering from Childhood Abuse Sarah Kelly and Jonathan Bird This book is written by survivors for all survivors who experienced any form of abuse or neglect in childhood and for those who provide support. 2014 Copyright © NAPAC 2014 1 Dedication To all the brave survivors and their supporters who have helped us learn what works in recovering from childhood abuse. In memory of those people who could not find the support they needed to survive as adults and tragically took their own lives. All happy families are alike; each unhappy family is unhappy in its own way. Leo Tolstoy, Anna Karenina People are not disturbed by things, but by the view they take of them. Epictetus, first century AD Thanks to BIG Lottery and all our other generous funders and donors who have made NAPAC’s work and this book possible. Grateful thanks also go to Peter Saunders, Helen Munt, Julie Brock, Kathryn Livingston and Melanie Goodwin of First Person Plural, and Tracey Storey of Irwin Mitchell, who have all contributed to the writing of this book. Proof reading and layout were kindly donated by James Badenoch QC, Ann Watkins and Katie John, and our thanks go to them for their time and efforts. Copyright © NAPAC 2014 2 Contents Page About the authors 4 Foreword – Tim Lambert 5 Introduction 6 Chapter 1: What is abuse? 9 Chapter 2: Maladaptive coping strategies 25 Chapter 3: Mental health 32 Chapter 4: Dissociative spectrum – Katherine and Melanie of FPP 41 Chapter 5: Impacts 49 Chapter 6: Therapy and appropriate coping mechanisms 56 Chapter 7: Transfer of responsibility 67 Chapter 8: How to disclose and how to hear disclosure 80 Chapter 9: The legal process – Tracey Storey, solicitor, Irwin Mitchell 86 Conclusions 96 Bibliography 98 Useful contacts 99 Copyright © NAPAC 2014 3 About the authors Sarah Kelly is a survivor of childhood emotional and sexual abuse.
    [Show full text]
  • “Is Deterrence Approach Effective in Combating Tax Evasion? a Meta-Analysis”
    “Is deterrence approach effective in combating tax evasion? A meta-analysis” Muh Dularif https://orcid.org/0000-0002-4905-2595 AUTHORS Sutrisno T. Nurkholis Erwin Saraswati Muh Dularif, Sutrisno T., Nurkholis and Erwin Saraswati (2019). Is deterrence ARTICLE INFO approach effective in combating tax evasion? A meta-analysis. Problems and Perspectives in Management, 17(2), 93-113. doi:10.21511/ppm.17(2).2019.07 DOI http://dx.doi.org/10.21511/ppm.17(2).2019.07 RELEASED ON Thursday, 25 April 2019 RECEIVED ON Sunday, 20 January 2019 ACCEPTED ON Wednesday, 06 March 2019 LICENSE This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International License JOURNAL "Problems and Perspectives in Management" ISSN PRINT 1727-7051 ISSN ONLINE 1810-5467 PUBLISHER LLC “Consulting Publishing Company “Business Perspectives” FOUNDER LLC “Consulting Publishing Company “Business Perspectives” NUMBER OF REFERENCES NUMBER OF FIGURES NUMBER OF TABLES 89 2 10 © The author(s) 2021. This publication is an open access article. businessperspectives.org Problems and Perspectives in Management, Volume 17, Issue 2, 2019 Muh Dularif (Indonesia), Sutrisno T. (Indonesia), Nurkholis (Indonesia), Erwin Saraswati (Indonesia) Is deterrence approach BUSINESS PERSPECTIVES effective in combating tax evasion? A meta-analysis Abstract LLC “СPС “Business Perspectives” The purpose of this paper is to present the results of a meta-analysis of the relationship Hryhorii Skovoroda lane, 10, Sumy, between determinant factors and tax evasion based on deterrence approach. Using 40022, Ukraine the meta-analysis method, each statistical result of empirical studies is converted into www.businessperspectives.org r-pearson as standardized effect size, and then synthesized into a mean effect size in order to increase power and to resolve uncertainty.
    [Show full text]
  • The Career Benefits of Writing Without Bullshit Josh Bernoff
    The Career Benefits of Writing Without Bullshit Josh Bernoff ChangeThis | 145.05 Clarity. Boldness. We say that we value these qualities in communication at work. So why is nearly everything we read so full of bullshit? Our inboxes, browsers, and smartphone screens are filled with jargon-laden, meandering drivel. Why can’t people get to the point and say what they mean? This is a pervasive problem that erodes all of our productivity, and I can prove it. I surveyed 547 businesspeople just like you—people who write at least two hours per day for work, outside of email. Here’s what they told me. First off, they average 46 hours per week spent reading and writing for work. Consuming and creating text has become a full-time job. Taken together, the email, Web pages, reports, and social media posts we all create and consume have taken over our time at work. ChangeThis | 145.05 Second, people are frustrated as hell with what they read. More than 80% say that poorly written material wastes a lot of their time. They rate the average effectiveness of what they read as a pathetic 5.4 on a ten-point scale. Most of them agree that what they read is too long, poorly organized, unclear, and filled with jargon. After 35 years of reading and writing for work, I decided to face this problem head-on: to determine what causes bullshit, and how we can all learn to write without it. The problem is real. And the solution is within reach. It’s just a question of committing yourself to writing without bullshit.
    [Show full text]
  • Tax Crimes Handbook
    TAX CRIMES HANDBOOK Office of Chief Counsel Criminal Tax Division 2009 PREFACE The goal in developing this handbook was to provide a resource for Criminal Tax Attorneys to use in the course of advising their client on criminal tax matters, and in evaluating recommendations for prosecution. This handbook is not intended to create or confer any rights, privileges, or benefits on any person. It is not intended to have the force of law, or of a statement of Internal Revenue Service policy. See, United States v. Caceres, 440 U.S. 741 (1979). _________/s/______________ EDWARD F. CRONIN Division Counsel/Associate Chief Counsel (Criminal Tax) Internal Revenue Service This Page is Blank – NO BORDER CHAPTER 1 TITLE 26 TAX VIOLATIONS SECTION 1 TAX EVASION - I.R.C. § 7201 1-1.01 Statutory Language 2 1-1.02 Generally 2 1-1.03 Evasion of Assessment 4 [1] Elements of the Offense 4 [2] The Attempt 4 [3] Additional Tax Due and Owing 6 [4] Willfulness 9 [5] Venue 13 [6] Statute of Limitations 14 1-1.04 Evasion of Payment 15 [1] Elements of the Offense 15 [2] The Attempt 15 [3] Additional Tax Due and Owing 17 [4] Willfulness 17 [5] Venue 18 [6] Statute of Limitations 18 1-1.05 Collateral Estoppel 18 1-1.06 Lesser Included Offenses 19 1-1.07 Table of Cases 20 i CHAPTER 1 TITLE 26 TAX VIOLATIONS SECTION 2 WILLFUL FAILURE TO COLLECT OR PAY OVER TAX I.R.C. § 7202 1-2.01 Statutory Language 30 1-2.02 Generally 30 1-2.03 Elements of the Offense 30 [1] Duty to Collect and/or to Truthfully Account for and Pay Over 31 [2] Failure to Collect or Truthfully Account for and Pay Over 31 [3] Willfulness 31 1-2.04 Motor Fuel Excise Tax Prosecutions 33 1-2.05 Venue 33 1-2.06 Statute of Limitations 33 1-2.07 Table of Cases 35 ii CHAPTER 1 TITLE 26 TAX VIOLATIONS SECTION 3 FAILURE TO FILE, SUPPLY INFORMATION OR PAY TAX - I.R.C.
    [Show full text]
  • Psyc 337 Learning
    PSYC 337 LEARNING Session 6 – Instrumental and Operant Conditioning – Part Two Lecturer: Dr. Inusah Abdul-Nasiru Contact Information: [email protected] College of Education School of Continuing and Distance Education 2014/2015 – 2016/2017 godsonug.wordpress.com/blog Session Overview • This session continues with Instrumental and Operant Conditioning • The focus in this session will be the mechanism by which behaviour is learned through reinforcement and punishment, and how to apply this to learning situations • It will also look at comparison between reinforcement and punishment as strategies for effective use in shaping behavior completely Slide 2 Session Objectives • At the end of the session, students will be able to – Understand the various schedules of reinforcement – Explain Aversive Conditioning – Demonstrate skills in applications of Operant Conditioning in Everyday Situation Slide 3 Session Outline • The key topics to be covered in the session are as follows: – Topic One: Schedules of Reinforcement – Topic Two: Aversive Conditioning – Topic Three: Applications of Operant Conditioning in Everyday Situation Slide 4 Reading List • Relevant text/chapters and reading materials are available on Sakai Slide 5 Topic One SCHEDULES OF REINFORCEMENT Slide 6 What is a Schedule of Reinforcement? • A schedule of reinforcement tells when and after what number of responses of desired behaviour to give reinforcement • The procedure of giving reinforcement can be on a regular basis or an intermittent schedule • Therefore, there are two main
    [Show full text]
  • Logic and the Common Law Trial
    University of Kentucky UKnowledge Law Faculty Scholarly Articles Law Faculty Publications Summer 1994 Logic and the Common Law Trial Richard H. Underwood University of Kentucky College of Law, [email protected] Follow this and additional works at: https://uknowledge.uky.edu/law_facpub Part of the Legal Profession Commons, and the Litigation Commons Right click to open a feedback form in a new tab to let us know how this document benefits ou.y Recommended Citation Richard H. Underwood, Logic and the Common Law Trial, 18 Am. J. Trial Advoc. 151 (1994). This Article is brought to you for free and open access by the Law Faculty Publications at UKnowledge. It has been accepted for inclusion in Law Faculty Scholarly Articles by an authorized administrator of UKnowledge. For more information, please contact [email protected]. Logic and the Common Law Trial Notes/Citation Information American Journal of Trial Advocacy, Vol. 18, No. 1 (Summer 1994), pp. 151-199 This article is available at UKnowledge: https://uknowledge.uky.edu/law_facpub/261 Logic and the Common Law Trial Richard H. Underwoodt The only certain ground for discovering truth is the faculty of discriminat- ing false from true.... Otherwise, I can assure you, you will be led by the nose by anyone who chooses to do it, and you will run after anything they hold out to you, as cattle do after a green bough.' I. Introduction Throughout history, right up to the present day, there have been persistent, if somewhat contradictory, attempts by members of the legal guild to attribute to the practice of law some of the characteristics of religion and science.' Fortunately, references to the trial lawyer as "the priest in the [T]emple of [J]ustice" 3 have pretty much disappeared from the literature.
    [Show full text]
  • EQUAL PROTECTION: the JURISPRUDENCE of DENIAL and Evasiont
    American University Law Review Volume 40 | Issue 4 Article 1 1991 Equal Protection: The urJ isprudence of Denial and Evasion Donald Lively Stephen Plass Follow this and additional works at: http://digitalcommons.wcl.american.edu/aulr Part of the Law Commons Recommended Citation Lively, Donald and Stephen Plass. "Equal Protection: The urJ isprudence of Denial and Evasion." American University Law Review 40, no.4 (1991): 1307-1355. This Article is brought to you for free and open access by the Washington College of Law Journals & Law Reviews at Digital Commons @ American University Washington College of Law. It has been accepted for inclusion in American University Law Review by an authorized administrator of Digital Commons @ American University Washington College of Law. For more information, please contact [email protected]. Equal Protection: The urJ isprudence of Denial and Evasion Keywords Equal rights, Race discrimination This article is available in American University Law Review: http://digitalcommons.wcl.american.edu/aulr/vol40/iss4/1 ARTICLES EQUAL PROTECTION: THE JURISPRUDENCE OF DENIAL AND EVASIONt DONALD E. LIVELY* STEPHEN PLASS** TABLE OF CoNTENTs Introduction ................................................ 1308 I. The Jurisprudential Culture of Denial and Evasion: Conditioning Factors and Consequences ............... 1315 A. Dominant Morals and Values ...................... 1315 B. Legal Education: The Indoctrination of Denial .... 1316 C. The Result: Evasion .............................. 1322 II. Reinvesting in Discredited Constitutional Stock ........ 1324 A. Overview: A Jurisprudential Portfolio of Denial and Evasion ........................................... 1324 B. Desegregation: The Imagery of Constitutional Achievement ...................................... 1326 C. Constitutional Retraction and Counter-Insurgency . 1330 D. The Modem Litany of Denial and Evasion: Motive- Based Inquiry ..................................... 1333 E. Beyond Denial and Evasion: Affirmative Action and the Manipulation of Reality .......................
    [Show full text]
  • Fallacies of Relevance1
    1 Phil 2302 Logic Dr. Naugle Fallacies of Relevance1 "Good reasons must, of force, give place to better." —Shakespeare "There is a mighty big difference between good, sound reasons, and reasons that sound good." —Burton Hillis "It would be a very good thing if every trick could receive some short and obviously appropriate name, so that when a man used this or that particular trick, he could at once be reproved for it." —Arthur Schopenhauer Introduction: There are many ways to bring irrelevant matters into an argument and the study below will examine many of them. These fallacies (pathological arguments!) demonstrate the lengths to which people will go to win an argument, even if they cannot prove their point! Fallacies of relevance share a common characteristic in that the arguments in which they occur have premises that are logically irrelevant to the conclusion. Yet, the premises seem to be relevant psychologically, so that the conclusion seems to follow from the premises. The actual connection between premises and conclusion is emotional, not logical. To identify a fallacy of relevance, you must be able to distinguish between genuine evidence and various unrelated forms of appeal. FALLACIES THAT ATTACK I. Appeal to Force (Argumentum ad Baculum ="argument toward the club or stick") "Who overcomes by force has overcome but half his foe." Milton. "I can stand brute force, but brute reason is quite unbearable. There is something unfair about its use. It is like hitting below the intellect." Oscar Wilde 1 NB: This material is taken from several logic texts authored by N.
    [Show full text]
  • Teenage Victims: a National Crime Survey Report
    DOCUMENT RESUME ED 295 062 CG 020 802 AUTHOR Whitaker, Catherine J. TITLE 'il,enage Victims: A National Crime Survey Report. INSTITUTION Department of Justice, Washington, D.C. Bureau of Justice Statistics. REPORT NO NCJ-103138 PUB DATE Nov 86 NOTE 21p. PUB TYPE Reports - Research/Technical (143) EDRS FRICF MF01/PC01 Plus Postage. DESCRIPTORS *Adolescents; *Age Differences; *Crime; Criminals; Racial Differences; Sex Differences; Trend Analysis; *Victims of Crime IDENTIFIERS *National Crime Survey ABSTRACT The information in this report on teenage victims of crime is based on data obtained from the National Crime Survey for the years 1982 through 1984. The introduction summarizes crimes against teenagers, highlighting numbers, rates of victimization, and dtifferences in crimes against teenagers and adults. These topics are discussed in detail: (1) victimization rates; (2) trends in types of crimes committed against teenagers; (3) crime characteristics, including the use of weapons in crimes, self-Trotective measures, injuries and medical care, and number of victims and offenders; (4) offender characteristics, including the relationship to victim, sex of offenders, race of offenders, and age of offenders; (5) rates of reporting crimes to the police; and (6) methodology of the National Crime Survey including definitions of terms and reliability of comparisons. Results are discussed which showed that teenagers had higher annual violent and theft crime victimization rates than did adults; older teenagers had higher violent crime victimization rates than did younger teenagers; male teenagers had higher violent and theft crime victimization rates than did female teenagers; and black teenagers had higher violent crime victimization rates than did teenagers of other racial groups.
    [Show full text]
  • Avoidance, Evasion, and Taxpayer Morality
    View metadata, citation and similar papers at core.ac.uk brought to you by CORE provided by Washington University St. Louis: Open Scholarship Washington University Journal of Law & Policy Volume 44 Conceptualizing a New Institutional Framework for International Taxation 2014 Avoidance, Evasion, and Taxpayer Morality Allison Christians McGill University Follow this and additional works at: https://openscholarship.wustl.edu/law_journal_law_policy Part of the Tax Law Commons Recommended Citation Allison Christians, Avoidance, Evasion, and Taxpayer Morality, 44 WASH. U. J. L. & POL’Y 039 (2014), https://openscholarship.wustl.edu/law_journal_law_policy/vol44/iss1/8 This Article is brought to you for free and open access by the Law School at Washington University Open Scholarship. It has been accepted for inclusion in Washington University Journal of Law & Policy by an authorized administrator of Washington University Open Scholarship. For more information, please contact [email protected]. Avoidance, Evasion, and Taxpayer Morality Allison Christians INTRODUCTION On April 1, 2013, the Washington University School of Law hosted a colloquium on the topic of “Conceptualizing a New Institutional Framework for International Taxation,” inviting participants to consider the pressures on the current institutional tax governance structure and the prospects for reform. In my opening remarks, I sought to outline the pressures being brought upon national tax systems through media coverage of the observed tax behaviors of various multinationals and wealthy individuals, which have provoked social protest and sustained campaigns for tax justice by activist individuals and global nongovernmental organizations (NGOs).1 I suggested that both the media and the activists were, in effect, combining tax evasion and tax avoidance into a single tax compliance framework with which to build a single message about the integral role of morality in taxpayer behavior.
    [Show full text]
  • Self-Punishment As Guilt Evasion: Theoretical Issues1
    Self-Punishment as Guilt Evasion: Theoretical Issues1 Donald L. Carveth Whereas Freud commonly associates guilt with the self-directed aggression of the punitive superego and invariably equates unconscious guilt with the unconscious need for punishment expressed in patterns of self-torment and self-sabotage, Klein views guilt as what Winnicott called “the capacity for concern,” the depressive anxiety that our hate may damage or destroy the good object and self. Without calling into question Freud’s equation of unconscious guilt with the unconscious need for punishment, writers in the Kleinian tradition have addressed the ways in which self-torment, rather than being a manifestation of guilt, serves as a defence against it. As a guilt-substitute, the unconscious need for punishment should not be conflated with the guilt it evades. As depressive anxiety or concern for the object, guilt is a manifestation of attachment and love (Eros) and moti- vates the desire to make reparation. In contrast, the unconscious need for punishment involves the persecutory anxiety and shame characterizing the paranoid-schizoid position and is a manifestation of narcissism and hate (Thanatos). The discontent Freud links with civilization is not a manifestation of guilt but of the self-torment resulting from its evasion. The enlarged capacity to experience and bear guilt (i.e., to love and thereby have conscience) that is a mark of civilization reflects the healing, not the deepening, of our cultural malaise. 1. Presented to the Toronto Psychoanalytic Society, September 13, 2006, this paper is a much revised and expanded version of a paper entitled “The Unconscious Need for Punishment: Expression or Evasion of the Sense of Guilt?” first pre- sented at an International Symposium on Freud’s Civilization and Its Discontents (McMaster University, Hamilton, Ontario, September 1999) and subsequently published in Psychoanalytic Studies, 3(1), 9–21.
    [Show full text]