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24. STREPTOPUS Michaux, Fl. Bor.-Amer. 1: 200. 1803. 扭柄花属 Niu Bing Hua Shu Chen Xinqi (陈心启 Chen Sing-Chi); Minoru N

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24. STREPTOPUS Michaux, Fl. Bor.-Amer. 1: 200. 1803. 扭柄花属 Niu Bing Hua Shu Chen Xinqi (陈心启 Chen Sing-Chi); Minoru N Flora of China 24: 153–154. 2000. 24. STREPTOPUS Michaux, Fl. Bor.-Amer. 1: 200. 1803. 扭柄花属 niu bing hua shu Chen Xinqi (陈心启 Chen Sing-chi); Minoru N. Tamura Herbs perennial, with a creeping rhizome. Stem erect, simple or distally branched. Leaves alternate, sessile, ovate to lanceolate, thin, many veined, base sometimes amplexicaul. Flowers usually 1 or 2 on an axillary, slender peduncle partly adnate to stem, rarely 2–4 flowers in a terminal inflorescence. Flowers campanulate or subrotate. Tepals 6, free, outer ones usually slightly wider than inner. Stamens 6, inserted at or near base of tepals; filaments usually flat at base; anthers basifixed. Ovary 3-loculed; ovules (2 or 3 or)6–8 per locule. Style columnar or very short. Fruit a berry, globose, several to many seeded. About ten species: temperate regions of the N hemisphere; five species (two endemic) in China. 1a. Flowers (2 or)3 or 4 in a terminal inflorescence; tepals cuspidate-caudate at apex ........................................................... 1. S. ovalis 1b. Flowers 1 or 2, on an axillary, slender peduncle partly adnate to stem; tepals acuminate at apex. 2a. Leaves ciliate-denticulate at margin. 3a. Style very short or indistinct; stigma subentire; peduncle curved but not geniculate ...................................... 2. S. koreanus 3b. Style distinct, columnar, 3–4 mm; stigma deeply 3-lobed; peduncle geniculate near middle ........................ 3. S. obtusatus 2b. Leaves entire at margin. 4a. Tepals 8–10 × 3–4 mm; anthers longer than filaments ...................................................................................... 4. S. simplex 4b. Tepals 6.5–8 × 1–2 mm; anthers shorter than filaments ............................................................................... 5. S. parviflorus 1. Streptopus ovalis (Ohwi) F. T. Wang & Y. C. Tang in F. T. smooth. Style indistinct; stigma subentire. Berry 6–9 mm in Wang & Tang, Fl. Reipubl. Popularis Sin. 15: 49. 1978. diam. Seeds many, oblong, slightly curved. Fl. May, fr. Jul–Aug. 卵叶扭柄花 luan ye niu bing hua Forests; 800–2000 m. Heilongjiang, Jilin, Liaoning [Korea]. 3. Streptopus obtusatus Fassett, Rhodora 37: 102. 1935. Disporum ovale Ohwi, Bot. Mag. (Tokyo) 45: 385. 1931; Prosartes ovalis (Ohwi) M. N. Tamura. 扭柄花 niu bing hua Rhizome elongate, slender, ca. 2 mm thick. Stem some- Streptopus geniculatus F. T. Wang & Tang. times branched distally, ± flexuous, 20–45 cm, pubescent. Rhizome elongate, slender, 1–2 mm thick, with numerous Leaves oblong, ovate-lanceolate, or ovate-elliptic, 4–11 × 2–4 hairy roots. Stem simple or branched distally, 15–35 cm, gla- cm, thinly papery, base cordate, margin ciliate-denticulate, apex brous. Leaves ovate-lanceolate or oblong-lanceolate, 5–8 × 2.5– long acuminate. Flowers (2 or)3 or 4 in a terminal, umbel-like 4 cm, base cordate, margin ciliate-denticulate, apex mucronate. inflorescence, suberect; pedicel 1.5–3 cm, pubescent. Tepals Peduncle axillary, 2–2.5 cm, jointed and geniculate near middle, white, spotted with purple, ovate-lanceolate, 8–9 × 2–3 mm, with a swollen gland at joint, 1-flowered. Flowers nodding. apex cuspidate-caudate. Filaments ca. 3 mm; anthers elliptic. Tepals yellowish, sometimes spotted with purple adaxially, ob- Ovary globose, winged along angles. Style 3.5–4 mm, much long-lanceolate to lanceolate, 8–9 × 1–2 mm. Stamens 3.5–4.5 longer than ovary; stigma distinctly 3-lobed. Berry 2- or 3- mm; filaments short, broad; anthers 3–4 mm. Ovary smooth. seeded. Seeds suborbicular, furrowed. Fl. May, fr. Aug. Style 3–4 mm; stigma deeply 3-lobed. Berry 6–8 mm in diam. Forests. SW Liaoning [Korea]. Seeds elliptic. Fl. Jul, fr. Aug–Sep. Tamura (in Kubitzki, Fam. Gen. Vasc. Pl. 3: 171. 1998) included • Coniferous forests; 2000–3600 m. Gansu, W Hubei, Shaanxi, this species in the American genus Prosartes D. Don. Further studies Sichuan, Yunnan. are needed in order to ascertain whether this species should be included 4. Streptopus simplex D. Don, Prodr. Fl. Nepal. 48. 1825. in Prosartes or Streptopus. 腋花扭柄花 2. Streptopus koreanus (Komarov) Ohwi, Bot. Mag. (Tokyo) ye hua niu bing hua 45: 189. 1931. Rhizome 1.5–2 mm thick. Stem simple or branched dis- 丝梗扭柄花 si geng niu bing hua tally, 20–50 cm, glabrous. Leaves grayish glaucous abaxially, lanceolate to ovate-lanceolate, 2.5–8 × 1.5–3 cm, base rounded Streptopus ajanensis Tiling var. koreanus Komarov, Trudy or cordate, margin entire, apex acuminate. Peduncle axillary, Imp. S.-Peterburgsk. Bot. Sada 20: 476. 1901. 2.5–4.5 cm, neither jointed nor geniculate, glabrous, 1-flowered. Rhizome elongate, slender, ca. 1 mm thick. Stem simple or Flowers nodding. Tepals pink or white, spotted with purple, ovate-oblong, 8–10 × 3–4 mm. Stamens 3–3.5 mm; filaments branched distally, 15–40 cm, sparsely hispidulous. Leaves ovate- lanceolate to ovate-elliptic, 3–10 × 1–3 cm, thinly papery, base flat, basally widened, 1–1.5 mm; anthers ca. 2 mm. Style rounded, margin ciliate-denticulate, apex mucronate. Flowers slender, 5–6 mm; stigma 3-lobed, lobes revolute, ca. 1 mm. 1 or 2 on an axillary peduncle; peduncle wirelike, ca. 1.5 cm, Berry 5–6 mm in diam. Fl. Jun, fr. Aug–Sep. 2n = 16, 32*. not geniculate, elongate in fruit. Tepals yellowish green, nar- Forests, bamboo thickets, hillsides along streams, alpine grass- rowly ovate, 2–3 × ca. 1 mm, minutely tuberculate adaxially, lands; 1700–4000 m. S Xizang, Yunnan [Bhutan, Myanmar, Nepal, base connate, apex acuminate. Filaments very short, flat; an- Sikkim]. thers obcordate, minutely tuberculate basally. Ovary globose, Flora of China 24: 153–154. 2000. 5. Streptopus parviflorus Franchet, Nouv. Arch. Mus. Hist. Nat., sér. 2, 10: 89. 1887. 小花扭柄花 xiao hua niu bing hua Streptopus mairei H. Léveillé. Rhizome short, thickened. Stem usually branched distally, 20–50 cm, glabrous. Leaves lanceolate to ovate-lanceolate, 4–8 × 1.5–4 cm, thinly papery, base cordate, margin entire, apex acuminate. Peduncle 2.5–4 cm, glabrous, neither jointed nor geniculate, 1- or 2-flowered. Flowers nodding. Tepals white, lanceolate, 6.5–8 × 1–2 mm. Stamens 3–3.5 mm; filaments 1.8– 2.2 mm; anthers ca. 1 mm. Style ca. 2.5 mm, slightly longer than ovary; stigma 3-lobed. Berry 5–8 mm in diam., many seeded. Seeds oblong, curved. Fl. Jun, fr. Aug–Sep. • Forests, thickets, alpine grasslands; 2000–3500 m. SW Sichuan, NW Yunnan. Flora of China 24: 153–154. 2000. .
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