Annex 1 Strengthening of Social Forestry (SSF) in Indonesia Summary
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Annex 1 Strengthening of Social Forestry (SSF) in Indonesia Summary Public Disclosure Authorized This report was prepared by Arief Yuwono as Short-term Consultant (STC) supporting the Directorate General of Social Forestry and Environmental Partnership (DG-SFEP) and project preparation team, as strategic guidance to enhance the effectiveness of SSF Project. The report was developed using the consultant’s extensive experience and expertise in the social forestry program or sector (SFP), supplemented by focus group discussions, interviews with resource persons from related ministries/agencies and representative from NGO’s, universities, practitioners on the ground in the later months of 2018. The report reviews planned and on-going activities relevant to Social Forestry, including those supported or implemented by various DGs/Ministries, development partners and supporting DG-SFEP in the development of a strategy, to draw on lessons learned, to best bring synergy Public Disclosure Authorized among such programs for advancing the Government’s Social Forestry Agenda. A key area of focus is the policies and institutional mechanism(s) to promote coordination among units within MOEF, with other ministries working closely related programs (e.g. agrarian reform, village development, development of small medium enterprises, Climate Village Program, as well as non-government and international partners critical to achieve SF objectives). The report also highlights analytics and related policy advisory materials, products and events that exist or where greater emphasis is needed. SFP involves four associated projects, namely: (1) land preparation for social forestry; (2) business development of social forestry; (3) forest land conflict management; and (4) forest land tenure and customary forest management. Public Disclosure Authorized Key findings and recommendations include that the government has a strong regulatory mandate to ensure Social Forestry’s successful implementation, for the state to ensure that natural resources management brings prosperity for the people. However at this stage, the goals, indicators and targets of the government’s SFP are ‘forestry specific’ and not phrased as a national, collective, programmatic priority. As RPJMN guides funding and resources allocation for any government priorities, placing SFP as strictly a forestry program currently prevents resources to be allocated to Ministries and Agencies who may have relevant work or engagement which are potentially critical to the success of SFP. Placing SFP strictly as a forestry program is also counter intuitive –as objectives of SFP is aligned with Sustainable Development Goals and Indonesia’s international commitments (outlined in the report’s Annex 2 section). Recognizing that SFP has multiple dimensions requires strong sector-based policies – as SFP is Public Disclosure Authorized an instrument to promote rural development, better land equity, and sustainable community access to forest resources. In essence, SFP as a policy is still treated strictly as ‘forestry’ policy despite the far-reaching goals that it is trying to achieve. The current design of SFP has not recognized the importance that communities, and/or village institutions have in SFP’s success. As SFP interventions are based in rural communities, it is important for SFP to also attain synergy with village-level programs from these ministries. To support the implementation of land reform and SFP, MOEF has stipulated a number of regulations, including aimed at providing guidance to SFP implementation and to resolve conflicts within or at the boundaries of forest estate. Other, complementary sectoral policies focus on rural economic development, such as the Ministry of Village, Development of Disadvantaged Areas, and Transmigration’s Village Development Program to empower villages’ human resources and their socio-cultural assets promotes community economic empowerment, and the Ministry of Cooperatives and Small Medium Enterprises’ strengthening of local economic institutions, to increase the capacity of micro- businesses in running and developing their businesses in a sustainable manner. Other Ministries’ policies, programs, and interventions which relate to rural development, land equity, and sustainable natural resources management, critical to SFP’s success are outlined in the report, including Ministry of Home Affairs, the National Disaster Risk Management Agency (BNPB), Ministry of National Development Planning (Bappenas), and Ministry of Finance (MOF). Analysis in this report suggests numerous issues to be addressed, at the policy and institutional level in terms of coordination, resourcing and leadership. The current coordination mechanism should be evaluated and a concerted effort will be needed for all relevant stakeholders to formulate a deliberate collective plan and organize cross-institutional implementation. Bureaucracy within MOEF and other agencies which may impede SFP’s implementation is presented, with approaches to improving alignment between national and sub-national policies. Gaps and needs highlighted include allocation of appropriate funding and capacity building resources relative to targets and complexity of the program. Understanding community level perceptions, priorities and resources, for example in relation to other village- level programs, is also important for SFP success. Placing community at the centre (social before forestry) is especially critical, and this assessment report provides recommendations related to: local initiatives; natural assets; market access; sustainability; and scaling-up and replication. Annex 2 Selected SSF Project Areas – Key Features 1. South Lampung regency, Lampung Province a. Global biodiversity - The majority of South Lampung Regency has flat to wavy (slopes) reliefs. Generally, the value community has used the land for the cultivation of food crops and plantations. - It has the highest mountain, namely Mount Rajabasa (1,280 masl), the largest island, Sebesi Island (4,643 ha) and the longest river, Way Kandis (50 km). - In this regency, there are protected forests spread in 3 registers, namely, Register 3 in Way Pisang (505.5 ha) and Mount Rajabasa (5,200 ha), Register 6 in Way Buatan (950 ha) and Register 17 in Batu Serampok (7,230 ha). - There is nature conservation in South Lampung regency, which is Marine Conservation of Anak Krakatau Island, covering an area of 13,735.10 ha. - The regency has an essential role as the National Park buffer zone - This region is home to numerous species listed on the IUCN and Indonesian biodiversity. Some of these animals include Sumatran wild cat (Felis bengalincis), Sumatran leopard (Neofelis nebulosa), and Sumatran gibbon (Agile gibbon). In terms of vegetation, this forest also hosts three endangered species, i.e. Sumatran merbau wood (Instia spp) and crystalline resin (Shorea spp). - The conservation area also acts as a sanctuary for several bird species that usually live in the Krakatau Nature Conservation, as well as a rest area for several types of migratory birds from the northern to the southern hemispheres b. Local government - Social Forestry has had a long history in South Lampung regency since 2000. As a result, commitment the local government has consistently supported the initiative, with a great expectation that the Social Forestry Program will provide a better income and protection as well as improve the forest and natural resources within. - The local capacity can be considered strong and plentiful with the support of the Social Forestry Program. c. The existence of - The Working Group of Social Forestry Acceleration or Pokja PS of Lampung Province was Pokja PS established through Lampung Governor Decree (No. G/128/III.18/HK/2016 dated (Working Group of December 28, 2016). Social Forestry - Pokja PS has indicated its support for Social Forestry Program activities. Acceleration) d. The existence of - There are two (2) Forest Management Units or KPHs in South Lampung region, which Local Partners facilitates the implementation of the Social Forestry Program and the activities within, namely KPH Rajabasa-Batu Sarampok-Way Pisang and KPH Gedong Wani - The KPHs have had an authorized Long-Term Forest Management Plan e. Land Types and - Lowland production forest type and highland conservation forest Social Forestry - Status of the proposed location of community forest (HKm), village forest and Schemes community planted forest (HTR) for SSF reaching 16,456 hectares which have received a Social Forestry Decree (SK PS) f. Opportunities for - Currently, there are numbers of small and medium enterprises operating in the region, existing and including coffee processing, poultry, maize cultivation, sengon wood, teak wood, and potential micro and tourism - South Lampung can be reached through land, sea, and air. The access by land and sea small enterprise can be reached through Bakauheni Port, while the air transportation is accessible development through Radin Inten II Airport in the city of Bandar Lampung. KPH Gedong Wani is only 40 km away from the capital city of Lampung province and less than 5 km from Tanjung Bintang toll gate, - South Lampung offers numerous tourism places, such as Anak Krakatau Island, Pasir Putih Beach, Tabek Indah, and Way Belerang. - Micro and small enterprises have already been developed in agriculture, livestock, and trades. There are farmers' groups that have joined the Association of Farmer Groups or Gapoktan in every village. One of the small businesses in