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Universidad Nacional De San Agustín Facultad De Ingeniería Geológica Geofísica Y Minas Escuela Profesional De Ingeniería Geológica UNIVERSIDAD NACIONAL DE SAN AGUSTÍN FACULTAD DE INGENIERÍA GEOLÓGICA GEOFÍSICA Y MINAS ESCUELA PROFESIONAL DE INGENIERÍA GEOLÓGICA “ESTUDIO GEOLÓGICO, PETROGRÁFICO Y GEOQUÍMICO DEL COMPLEJO VOLCÁNICO AMPATO - SABANCAYA (Provincia Caylloma, Dpto. Arequipa)” Tesis presentada por: Bach. Rosmery Delgado Ramos Para Optar el Grado Académico de Ingeniero Geólogo AREQUIPA – PERÚ 2012 AGRADECIMIENTOS Quiero manifestar mis más sinceros agradecimientos a todas las personas que fueron parte esencial en mi formación profesional, personal y toda mi vida. Agradezco a mis padres, Victor R. Delgado Delgado y Rosa Luz Ramos Vega, por su constante apoyo y que a pesar de las dificultades y caídas siempre estaban conmigo para cuidarme, ayudarme y sobre todo amarme. A mis hermanos Renzo R. y Angela V. Delgado Ramos que con su optimismo y perseverancia me ayudaron a enfrentar los caminos difíciles de la vida y seguir con mis ideales. Agradezco también a mis asesores al Dr. Marco Rivera y Dr. Pablo Samaniego, que con su paciencia, consejos, regaños, apoyo incondicional y sus grandes enseñanzas, cultivaron en mí la pasión por la investigación y las ganas de alcanzar mis objetivos. Agradezco al Instituto Geológico Minero y Metalúrgico y al convenio de colaboración con el IRD a cargo del Dr. Pablo Samaniego, por la beca que me otorgó durante el período en el cual realice mi tesis. Gracias a mi asesor de tesis el Dr. Fredy García de la Universidad Nacional de San Agustín que por su revisión detallada y gran apoyo benefició en este trabajo. Agradezco al SENAMHI por proporcionarme los datos de clima, fundamentales para el desarrollo de esta tesis. Estudio Geológico, Petrográfico Y Geoquímico Del Complejo Volcánico Ampato-Sabancaya INDICE “ESTUDIO GEOLÓGICO, PETROGRÁFICO Y GEOQUÍMICO DEL COMPLEJO VOLCÁNICO AMPATO-SABANCAYA RESUMEN INDICE ............................................................................................................................ 1 RESUMEN ...................................................................................................................... 4 CAPÍTULO I ................................................................................................................... 6 GENERALIDADES ....................................................................................................... 6 1.1 Objetivos ............................................................................................................ 6 1.2 Antecedentes ........................................................................................................... 6 1.3 Generalidades ....................................................................................................... 11 1.3.1 Ubicación ....................................................................................................... 11 1.3.2 Accesibilidad ................................................................................................. 12 1.3.3 Clima............................................................................................................. 12 1.4 Metodología de Trabajo ....................................................................................... 14 1.4.2 Trabajo de Campo.......................................................................................... 15 1.4.3 Trabajo de Laboratorio .................................................................................. 15 CAPÍTULO II ............................................................................................................... 17 CONTEXTO GEOLÓGICO REGIONAL ................................................................ 17 2.1 Volcanismo Plio-Cuaternario ............................................................................... 17 2.1.1 Zona Volcánica de los Andes del Norte (ZVN) ............................................ 18 2.1.2 Zona Volcánica de los Andes Centrales (ZVC) ............................................ 19 2.1.3 Zona Volcánica de los Andes del Sur (ZVS)................................................. 19 2.1.4 Zona Volcánica de los Andes Austral (ZVA)................................................ 19 2.2 Volcanes del Sur del Perú ..................................................................................... 21 2.3 Contexto Geológico Regional............................................................................... 26 2.3.1 Rocas Sedimentarias del Mesozoico ............................................................. 26 2.3.2 Rocas Volcánicas del Cenozoico ................................................................... 27 2.3.3 Rocas volcánicas del Plio-Cuaternario .......................................................... 27 2.4 Contexto Estructural ............................................................................................. 30 2.5 Sismicidad y DeformaciónReciente .................................................................... 32 CAPÍTULO III ............................................................................................................. 34 GEOMORFOLOGÍA ................................................................................................... 34 3.1 Estructuras Volcánicas.......................................................................................... 40 3.2 Geoformas De Unidades Volcánicas Antiguas..................................................... 40 3.3 Geoformas De Unidades Volcánicas Modernas ................................................... 43 1 Estudio Geológico, Petrográfico Y Geoquímico Del Complejo Volcánico Ampato-Sabancaya 3.4 Geoformas De Origen Glaciar .............................................................................. 44 3.5 Otras Geoformas .................................................................................................. 47 CAPÍTULO IV .............................................................................................................. 50 ESTRATIGRAFÍA DEL COMPLEJO VOLCÁNICO AMPATO-SABANCAYA 50 4.1 Estratigrafía De Las Unidades Volcánicas Del Ampato ....................................... 52 4.1.1 Unidad Ampato Basal .................................................................................... 52 4.1.2 Unidad Ampato Medio .................................................................................. 56 4.1.3 Unidad Ampato Superior ............................................................................... 62 4.2 Estratigrafía De Las Unidades Volcánicas Del Sabancaya .................................. 66 4.2.1 Unidad Sabancaya Basal................................................................................ 67 4.2.2 Unidad Sabancaya Medio .............................................................................. 68 4.2.3 Unidad Sabancaya Superior ........................................................................... 71 CAPÍTULO V ............................................................................................................... 74 PETROGRAFÍA DEL COMPLEJO VOLCÁNICO AMPATO-SABANCAYA ... 74 5.1 Estudio Petrográfico Del Ampato ......................................................................... 75 5.1.1 Ampato Basal................................................................................................. 75 5.1.1.1 Andesitas..................................................................................................... 75 5.1.1.2 Dacitas ........................................................................................................ 79 5.1.2 Ampato Medio ............................................................................................... 80 5.1.2.1 Andesitas..................................................................................................... 80 5.1.2.2 Dacita .......................................................................................................... 81 5.1.3 Ampato Superior ............................................................................................ 82 5.1.3.1 Andesita ...................................................................................................... 82 5.2 Estudio Petrográfico Del Sabancaya .................................................................... 85 5.2.1 Sabancaya Basal ............................................................................................ 85 5.2.1.1 Andesita ...................................................................................................... 85 5.2.1.2 Dacita .......................................................................................................... 86 5.2.2 Sabancaya Medio ........................................................................................... 88 5.2.2.1 Andesita ...................................................................................................... 88 5.2.3 Sabancaya Superior ....................................................................................... 89 5.2.3.1 Andesita ...................................................................................................... 89 5.2.3.2 Dacita .......................................................................................................... 91 CAPÍTULO VI .............................................................................................................. 93 CARACTERIZACIÓN GEOQUÍMICA DEL CVAS .............................................. 93 6.1 Estudio Geoquímico Del Ampato ......................................................................... 94 6.1.1 Diagrama de Clasificación ............................................................................
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