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Cordillera Blanca Progress and perspectives (GCW Tropical Workshop. July 2017) Lic. Martí Bonshoms Calvelo [email protected] [email protected] Perú Surface: 1 285 216 km2 Located in the southern tropical region of the planet. 1300 km2 of glaciers (ANA, 2014). 70% of world tropical glaciers According to Tyndall Center, is the third vulnerablest country to climate change in the World. Peru have an extremely climatic variety: 27 of 32 existing climates in the world (Thornthwaite). White: northern and central ranges Green: southern ranges. Huallanca Huayhuash Blanca Huagoruncho Huaytapallana Raura Vilcabamba Urubamba La Viuda Vilcanota Central Carabaya Chonta Ampato Apolobamba Huanzo La Raya Chila Blanca Huallanca White: northern and central ranges Huayhuash Huagoruncho Raura La Viuda Huaytapallana Central Chonta Cordillera Huaytapallana Complete Weather station ( 4684 m.) Termohigrometer (not ventilated) Atmospheric pressure Snow height Wind direction & velocity Precipitation (Real time data / GOES) Weather station Hydrological station HUAYTAPALLANA (SENAMHI) White: northern and middle mountains Central Cordillera Central 2 Complete Weather station ( 5005 m & 5080 m) Termohigrometer (ventilated) Atmospheric pressure Snow height Wind direction & velocity Precipitation Radiative balance (Real time data / GOES) • Weather station on Chuecon Glacier • Weather station out of glacier • Hidrologycal sensor CHUECON FIJA (ANA) CHUECON GLACIAR (ANA) Blanca White: northern and middle mountains Cordillera Blanca 2 Complete Weather station ( 4797 m & 5000 m) Termohigrometer (ventilated) Atmospheric pressure Snow height Wind direction & velocity Precipitation Radiative balance (No Real time data) • Weather station on the Artesonraju glacier • weather station out of glacier • Hidrologycal station ARTESONRAJU (U. INNSBRUCK / ANA) Green: southern ranges Urubamba Vilcabamba VilcanotaVilcanota Carabaya Apolobamba La Raya Chila Ampato Huanzo Cordillera Vilcanota 2 Complete Weather station ( 5180 m & 5650 m) Termohigrometer (ventilated) Atmospheric pressure Snow height Wind direction & velocity Precipitation Radiative balance (Real time data / GOES) • Weather station over the Quisoquipina glacier • Weather station out over Quelccaya glacier • Hidrologycal measurements QUISOQUIPINA (SENAMHI) Team transporting the station to the Installation of the meteorological emplacement station Climate Station Installed at 5180 meters Control of steaks in conjunction with Operative station support from the UGRH QUISOQUIPINA (SENAMHI) 2 1 "Handbook of Environmental Engineering, Volume 15, Modern Water Resources Engineering" 3 Nevado Quisoquipina Cusco, frente a 5000 metros Falled station, November 2016 Recovery and replacement of station in December 2016 Operational station, December 2016 Quelccaya (CRYONET) Cordillera Ampato Complete Weather station ( 5780 m) Termohigrometer (ventilated) Atmospheric pressure Snow height Wind direction & velocity Precipitation Radiative balance (Real time data / GOES) • Weather station over the glacier COROPUNA (SENAMHI) COROPUNA (SENAMHI) Falled station, December 2016 COROPUNA (SENAMHI) Opertional station, December 2016 INSTRUMENTS Net Radiometer CNR4 energy balance: incoming short/long-wave Far Infrared (FIR) vs surface-reflected short/long-wave outgoing radiation. Rugged acoustic distance sensor. Snow height Pluviometer with CS705 Snow adapter, hourly precipitation Ventilated Termohigrometer Apogee TS-100. Temperature and humidity HOBO Termometer datalogger, Used for temperature underground YOUNG Anemometer. Wind direction & velocity Infrared Radiometer Apogee SI-111. Ice surface temperature CRYOPERU 2.0 PROJECT Multidisciplinary and multi-institutional efforts to monitoring and study glaciers in Perú. Reserch project in course: «Analysis of recent and past ELA to evaluate the impact of climate change and the glacier evolution in the Pacific basin of the Peruvian Andes along next decades» Cosmogenic dating Installation of 3 meteorological stations Climate reconstruction and projections with Regional Climate Model REMO and glacier reconstruction with PISM (Parallel Ice Sheet Model) www.cryoperu.pe https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=8r0jmeXYV48 CRYOPERU 2.0 PROJECT CORDILLERA BLANCA CORDILLERA AMPATO ARTESONRAJU COROPUNA CORDILLERA CENTRAL CHUECON Weather stations CRYOPERU in 2016 CRYOPERU 2.0 PROJECT COLABORATING INSTITUTIONS Peruvian National Geological Service (INGEMMET) National Meteorological & Hidrological Service (SENAMHI) Water National Autorithie (ANA) National Protected Areas Service (SERNANP) Universidad S. Antonio Abad of Cusco (UNSAC) UNESCO-Lima International Universidad Complutense de Madrid (UCM) Universidad de Alcalá de Henares (UAH) Alfred Wegner Institute (AWI) www.cryoperu.pe https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=8r0jmeXYV48 GLACIARES + PROJECT, Beyond the risk to the opportunities Improve comunities adaptation to glaciar retreat and risks in Cusco, Ancash and Lima. Executed by CARE-PERU (ONG), Swiss cooperation (COSUDE), Meteodat, Zurich University, Centro de Investigación del Medio Alpino (CREALP) and Politecnic Federal School of Lausana (EPFL). QUISOQUIPINA DATA Relation precipitation - albedo - Short-wave net radiation - temperature COROPUNA DATA Relation precipitation - albedo - Short-wave net radiation - temperature Scientific Publications Perry, L.B., A. Seimon, M. Andrade-Flores, J.L. Endries, S.E. Yuter, F. Velarde, S. Arias, M. Bonshoms, E.J. Burton, R. WinkelmannANTARTIDA, C.M. Cooper, G. Mamani, M. Rado, N. Montoya, N. Quispe. 2017. Characteristics of precipitating storms in glacierized tropical Andean cordilleras of Peru and Bolivia. Annals of the American Association of Geographers, 107: 309–322. Suarez,W., Macedo, N., Montoya, N. Arias, S., Schauwecker, S., Huggel, C., Rohrer, M., & Condom, T. (2015). Net energy balance (2012-2014) and temporal evolution of the Quisoquipina snow peak in Cusco Region (1990-2010). Revista Peruana Geo- Atmosferica (RPGA), 4, 82 – 92. Condom, T;Escobar, M; Purkey, D;Pouget, J; Suarez, w; Ramos, C; Apaestegui, J; Zapata, M; Gomez, J and Vergara, W. (2012) . Modelling the hydrologic role of glaciers within a Water Evaluation and Planning System (WEAP)ANTARTIDA: a case study in the Rio Santa watershed (Peru). Hydrol. Earth Syst. 8, 869–916 pp. Chevallier,P; Pouyaud, B; Suarez, W and Condom,T. (2010) . Climate change threats to environment in the tropical Andes: glaciers and water resources. Environ Change, 9pp. Suarez, W; Condom, T and Apastegui, J. (2010). Determinación del cambio climático sobre la hidrología de las cuencas Rímac y Mantaro (Perú). Cambio climático en la cuenca del rio Mantaro-Instituto Geofísico del Perú. 68-78pp. Suarez, W; Chevallier, P; Pouyaud, B, Lopez, P. (2008) “Hydrological and hydraulic balance of Parón lake (white cordillera, Perú)”. Hydrological sciences journal , 266-277 pp. Rabatel, A., B. Francou, A. Soruco, J. Gomez, B. C_aceres, J.L. Ceballos, R. Basantes, M. Vuille, J.E. Sicart, C. Huggel, M. Scheel, Y. Lejeune, Y. Arnaud, M. Collet, T. Condom, G. Consoli, V. Favier, V. Jomelli, R. Galarraga, P. Ginot, L. Maisincho, J. Mendoza, M. M_en_egoz, E. Ramirez, P. Ribstein, W. Suarez, M. Villacis and P. Wagnon, (2013). Current state of glaciers in the tropical Andes: a multi-century perspective on glacier evolution and climate change, The Cryosphere, 7, 81-102. ANTARTIDA European Geosciences Union (EGU)Posters session ANTARTIDA Perspectives and challenges ANTARTIDA - Analyze the direct relation between the discharge of glacier origin with the rivers in the high, middle and low parts of the basins. - Evaluate the retreat of the glaciers and their impact within different scenarios of climate change. Using REMO and PISM model simulations. - Generate reliable information to decision-makers tied to cryosphere. - Improve current weather stations (Implement transmission systems, change sensors). - Define protocols for installation, collection of data and maintenance of stations. - Increase the number of scientific publications and work teams www.senamhi.gob.pe www.cryoperu.pe .
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