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Progress and perspectives (GCW Tropical Workshop. July 2017) Lic. Martí Bonshoms Calvelo [email protected] [email protected] Perú Surface: 1 285 216 km2 Located in the southern tropical region of the planet. 1300 km2 of glaciers (ANA, 2014). 70% of world tropical glaciers According to Tyndall Center, is the third vulnerablest country to climate change in the World. Peru have an extremely climatic variety: 27 of 32 existing climates in the world (Thornthwaite). White: northern and central ranges Green: southern ranges. Huallanca Huayhuash Blanca Huagoruncho Huaytapallana Raura Vilcabamba Urubamba La Viuda Vilcanota Central Carabaya Chonta Ampato Apolobamba Huanzo La Raya Chila Blanca Huallanca White: northern and central ranges Huayhuash Huagoruncho Raura La Viuda Huaytapallana Central Chonta Cordillera Huaytapallana Complete Weather station ( 4684 m.) Termohigrometer (not ventilated) Atmospheric pressure Snow height Wind direction & velocity Precipitation (Real time data / GOES) Weather station Hydrological station HUAYTAPALLANA (SENAMHI) White: northern and middle mountains Central Cordillera Central 2 Complete Weather station ( 5005 m & 5080 m) Termohigrometer (ventilated) Atmospheric pressure Snow height Wind direction & velocity Precipitation Radiative balance (Real time data / GOES) • Weather station on Chuecon Glacier • Weather station out of glacier • Hidrologycal sensor CHUECON FIJA (ANA) CHUECON GLACIAR (ANA) Blanca White: northern and middle mountains Cordillera Blanca 2 Complete Weather station ( 4797 m & 5000 m) Termohigrometer (ventilated) Atmospheric pressure Snow height Wind direction & velocity Precipitation Radiative balance (No Real time data) • Weather station on the Artesonraju glacier • weather station out of glacier • Hidrologycal station ARTESONRAJU (U. INNSBRUCK / ANA) Green: southern ranges Urubamba Vilcabamba VilcanotaVilcanota Carabaya Apolobamba La Raya Chila Ampato Huanzo Cordillera Vilcanota 2 Complete Weather station ( 5180 m & 5650 m) Termohigrometer (ventilated) Atmospheric pressure Snow height Wind direction & velocity Precipitation Radiative balance (Real time data / GOES) • Weather station over the Quisoquipina glacier • Weather station out over Quelccaya glacier • Hidrologycal measurements QUISOQUIPINA (SENAMHI) Team transporting the station to the Installation of the meteorological emplacement station Climate Station Installed at 5180 meters Control of steaks in conjunction with Operative station support from the UGRH QUISOQUIPINA (SENAMHI) 2 1 "Handbook of Environmental Engineering, Volume 15, Modern Water Resources Engineering" 3 Nevado Quisoquipina Cusco, frente a 5000 metros Falled station, November 2016 Recovery and replacement of station in December 2016 Operational station, December 2016 Quelccaya (CRYONET) Cordillera Ampato Complete Weather station ( 5780 m) Termohigrometer (ventilated) Atmospheric pressure Snow height Wind direction & velocity Precipitation Radiative balance (Real time data / GOES) • Weather station over the glacier COROPUNA (SENAMHI) COROPUNA (SENAMHI) Falled station, December 2016 COROPUNA (SENAMHI) Opertional station, December 2016 INSTRUMENTS Net Radiometer CNR4 energy balance: incoming short/long-wave Far Infrared (FIR) vs surface-reflected short/long-wave outgoing radiation. Rugged acoustic distance sensor. Snow height Pluviometer with CS705 Snow adapter, hourly precipitation Ventilated Termohigrometer Apogee TS-100. Temperature and humidity HOBO Termometer datalogger, Used for temperature underground YOUNG Anemometer. Wind direction & velocity Infrared Radiometer Apogee SI-111. Ice surface temperature CRYOPERU 2.0 PROJECT Multidisciplinary and multi-institutional efforts to monitoring and study glaciers in Perú. Reserch project in course: «Analysis of recent and past ELA to evaluate the impact of climate change and the glacier evolution in the Pacific basin of the Peruvian Andes along next decades» Cosmogenic dating Installation of 3 meteorological stations Climate reconstruction and projections with Regional Climate Model REMO and glacier reconstruction with PISM (Parallel Ice Sheet Model) www.cryoperu.pe https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=8r0jmeXYV48 CRYOPERU 2.0 PROJECT CORDILLERA BLANCA CORDILLERA AMPATO ARTESONRAJU COROPUNA CORDILLERA CENTRAL CHUECON Weather stations CRYOPERU in 2016 CRYOPERU 2.0 PROJECT COLABORATING INSTITUTIONS Peruvian National Geological Service (INGEMMET) National Meteorological & Hidrological Service (SENAMHI) Water National Autorithie (ANA) National Protected Areas Service (SERNANP) Universidad S. Antonio Abad of Cusco (UNSAC) UNESCO-Lima International Universidad Complutense de Madrid (UCM) Universidad de Alcalá de Henares (UAH) Alfred Wegner Institute (AWI) www.cryoperu.pe https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=8r0jmeXYV48 GLACIARES + PROJECT, Beyond the risk to the opportunities Improve comunities adaptation to glaciar retreat and risks in Cusco, Ancash and Lima. Executed by CARE-PERU (ONG), Swiss cooperation (COSUDE), Meteodat, Zurich University, Centro de Investigación del Medio Alpino (CREALP) and Politecnic Federal School of Lausana (EPFL). QUISOQUIPINA DATA Relation precipitation - albedo - Short-wave net radiation - temperature COROPUNA DATA Relation precipitation - albedo - Short-wave net radiation - temperature Scientific Publications Perry, L.B., A. Seimon, M. Andrade-Flores, J.L. Endries, S.E. Yuter, F. Velarde, S. Arias, M. Bonshoms, E.J. Burton, R. WinkelmannANTARTIDA, C.M. Cooper, G. Mamani, M. Rado, N. Montoya, N. Quispe. 2017. Characteristics of precipitating storms in glacierized tropical Andean cordilleras of Peru and Bolivia. Annals of the American Association of Geographers, 107: 309–322. Suarez,W., Macedo, N., Montoya, N. Arias, S., Schauwecker, S., Huggel, C., Rohrer, M., & Condom, T. (2015). Net energy balance (2012-2014) and temporal evolution of the Quisoquipina snow peak in Cusco Region (1990-2010). Revista Peruana Geo- Atmosferica (RPGA), 4, 82 – 92. Condom, T;Escobar, M; Purkey, D;Pouget, J; Suarez, w; Ramos, C; Apaestegui, J; Zapata, M; Gomez, J and Vergara, W. (2012) . Modelling the hydrologic role of glaciers within a Water Evaluation and Planning System (WEAP)ANTARTIDA: a case study in the Rio Santa watershed (Peru). Hydrol. Earth Syst. 8, 869–916 pp. Chevallier,P; Pouyaud, B; Suarez, W and Condom,T. (2010) . Climate change threats to environment in the tropical Andes: glaciers and water resources. Environ Change, 9pp. Suarez, W; Condom, T and Apastegui, J. (2010). Determinación del cambio climático sobre la hidrología de las cuencas Rímac y Mantaro (Perú). Cambio climático en la cuenca del rio Mantaro-Instituto Geofísico del Perú. 68-78pp. Suarez, W; Chevallier, P; Pouyaud, B, Lopez, P. (2008) “Hydrological and hydraulic balance of Parón lake (white cordillera, Perú)”. Hydrological sciences journal , 266-277 pp. Rabatel, A., B. Francou, A. Soruco, J. Gomez, B. C_aceres, J.L. Ceballos, R. Basantes, M. Vuille, J.E. Sicart, C. Huggel, M. Scheel, Y. Lejeune, Y. Arnaud, M. Collet, T. Condom, G. Consoli, V. Favier, V. Jomelli, R. Galarraga, P. Ginot, L. Maisincho, J. Mendoza, M. M_en_egoz, E. Ramirez, P. Ribstein, W. Suarez, M. Villacis and P. Wagnon, (2013). Current state of glaciers in the tropical Andes: a multi-century perspective on glacier evolution and climate change, The Cryosphere, 7, 81-102. ANTARTIDA European Geosciences Union (EGU)Posters session ANTARTIDA Perspectives and challenges ANTARTIDA - Analyze the direct relation between the discharge of glacier origin with the rivers in the high, middle and low parts of the basins. - Evaluate the retreat of the glaciers and their impact within different scenarios of climate change. Using REMO and PISM model simulations. - Generate reliable information to decision-makers tied to cryosphere. - Improve current weather stations (Implement transmission systems, change sensors). - Define protocols for installation, collection of data and maintenance of stations. - Increase the number of scientific publications and work teams www.senamhi.gob.pe www.cryoperu.pe .
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  • Source Model for Sabancaya Volcano Constrained by Dinsar and GNSS Surface Deformation Observation

    Source Model for Sabancaya Volcano Constrained by Dinsar and GNSS Surface Deformation Observation

    remote sensing Article Source Model for Sabancaya Volcano Constrained by DInSAR and GNSS Surface Deformation Observation Gregorio Boixart 1, Luis F. Cruz 2,3 , Rafael Miranda Cruz 2, Pablo A. Euillades 4, Leonardo D. Euillades 4 and Maurizio Battaglia 5,6,* 1 Instituto de Estudios Andinos, Universidad de Buenos Aires-CONICET, Buenos Aires 1428, Argentina; [email protected] 2 Escuela Profesional de Ingeniería Geofísica, Universidad Nacional de San Agustín de Arequipa, Arequipa 04001, Peru; [email protected] (L.F.C.); [email protected] (R.M.C.) 3 Observatorio Vulcanológico del INGEMMET, Instituto Geológico Minero y Metalúrgico, Arequipa 04001, Peru 4 Facultad de Ingeniería, Instituto CEDIAC & CONICET, Universidad Nacional de Cuyo, Mendoza M5502JMA, Argentina; [email protected] (P.A.E.); [email protected] (L.D.E.) 5 US Geological Survey, Volcano Disaster Assistance Program, NASA Ames Research Center, Moffett Field, CA 94035, USA 6 Department of Earth Sciences, Sapienza-University of Rome, 00185 Rome, Italy * Correspondence: [email protected] Received: 23 April 2020; Accepted: 3 June 2020; Published: 8 June 2020 Abstract: Sabancaya is the most active volcano of the Ampato-Sabancaya Volcanic Complex (ASVC) in southern Perú and has been erupting since 2016. The analysis of ascending and descending Sentinel-1 orbits (DInSAR) and Global Navigation Satellite System (GNSS) datasets from 2014 to 2019 imaged a radially symmetric inflating area, uplifting at a rate of 35 to 50 mm/yr and centered 5 km north of Sabancaya. The DInSAR and GNSS data were modeled independently. We inverted the DInSAR data to infer the location, depth, and volume change of the deformation source.
  • Regional Synthesis of Last Glacial Maximum Snowlines in the Tropical Andes, South America

    Regional Synthesis of Last Glacial Maximum Snowlines in the Tropical Andes, South America

    ARTICLE IN PRESS Quaternary International 138–139 (2005) 145–167 Regional synthesis of last glacial maximum snowlines in the tropical Andes, South America Jacqueline A. Smitha,Ã, Geoffrey O. Seltzera,y, Donald T. Rodbellb, Andrew G. Kleinc aDepartment of Earth Sciences, 204 Heroy Geology Lab, Syracuse University, Syracuse, NY 13244-1070, USA bDepartment of Geology, Union College, Schenectady, NY 12308, USA cDepartment of Geography, Texas A&M University, College Station, TX 77843, USA Available online 18 April 2005 Abstract The modern glaciers of the tropical Andes are a small remnant of the ice that occupied the mountain chain during past glacial periods. Estimates of local Last Glacial Maximum (LGM) snowline depression range from low (e.g., 200–300 m in the Junin region, Peru), through intermediate (600 m at Laguna Kollpa Kkota in Bolivia), to high (e.g., 1100–1350 m in the Cordillera Oriental, Peru). Although a considerable body of work on paleosnowlines exists for the tropical Andes, absolute dating is lacking for most sites. Moraines that have been reliably dated to 21 cal kyr BP have been identified at few locations in the tropical Andes. More commonly, but still rarely, moraines can be bracketed between about 10 14C kyr (11.5 cal kyr BP) and 30 14C kyr BP. Typically, only minimum-limiting ages for glacial retreat are available. Cosmogenic dating of erratics on moraines may be able to provide absolute dating with sufficient accuracy to identify deposits of the local LGM. Ongoing work using cosmogenic 10Be and 26Al in Peru and Bolivia suggests that the local LGM may have occurred prior to 21 cal kyr BP.