Cordillera Blanca UN PAISAJE EXPLICADO JAN SEVINK
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Time and Mode of Exhumation of the Cordillera Blanca Batholith
Time and mode of exhumation of the Cordillera Blanca batholith (Peruvian Andes) Audrey Margirier, Laurence Audin, Xavier Robert, Frédéric Herman, Jérôme Ganne, Stephane Schwartz To cite this version: Audrey Margirier, Laurence Audin, Xavier Robert, Frédéric Herman, Jérôme Ganne, et al.. Time and mode of exhumation of the Cordillera Blanca batholith (Peruvian Andes). Journal of Geophysical Research : Solid Earth, American Geophysical Union, 2016, 121 (8), pp.6235-6249. 10.1002/2016JB013055. insu-01677067 HAL Id: insu-01677067 https://hal-insu.archives-ouvertes.fr/insu-01677067 Submitted on 7 Jan 2018 HAL is a multi-disciplinary open access L’archive ouverte pluridisciplinaire HAL, est archive for the deposit and dissemination of sci- destinée au dépôt et à la diffusion de documents entific research documents, whether they are pub- scientifiques de niveau recherche, publiés ou non, lished or not. The documents may come from émanant des établissements d’enseignement et de teaching and research institutions in France or recherche français ou étrangers, des laboratoires abroad, or from public or private research centers. publics ou privés. PUBLICATIONS Journal of Geophysical Research: Solid Earth RESEARCH ARTICLE Time and mode of exhumation of the Cordillera 10.1002/2016JB013055 Blanca batholith (Peruvian Andes) Key Points: Audrey Margirier1, Laurence Audin1, Xavier Robert1, Frédéric Herman2, Jérôme Ganne3, • First thermobarometry data in the 1 Cordillera Blanca batholith indicates and Stéphane Schwartz its emplacement in the upper crust 1 -
Holocene Glacier Fluctuations
Quaternary Science Reviews 111 (2015) 9e34 Contents lists available at ScienceDirect Quaternary Science Reviews journal homepage: www.elsevier.com/locate/quascirev Invited review Holocene glacier fluctuations * Olga N. Solomina a, b, , Raymond S. Bradley c, Dominic A. Hodgson d, Susan Ivy-Ochs e, f, Vincent Jomelli g, Andrew N. Mackintosh h, Atle Nesje i, j, Lewis A. Owen k, Heinz Wanner l, Gregory C. Wiles m, Nicolas E. Young n a Institute of Geography RAS, Staromonetny-29, 119017, Staromonetny, Moscow, Russia b Tomsk State University, Tomsk, Russia c Department of Geosciences, University of Massachusetts, Amherst, MA 012003, USA d British Antarctic Survey, High Cross, Madingley Road, Cambridge CB3 0ET, UK e Institute of Particle Physics, ETH Zurich, 8093 Zurich, Switzerland f Institute of Geography, University of Zurich, 8057 Zurich, Switzerland g Universite Paris 1 Pantheon-Sorbonne, CNRS Laboratoire de Geographie Physique, 92195 Meudon, France h Antarctic Research Centre, Victoria University Wellington, New Zealand i Department of Earth Science, University of Bergen, N-5020 Bergen, Norway j Uni Research Klima, Bjerknes Centre for Climate Research, N-5020 Bergen Norway k Department of Geology, University of Cincinnati, Cincinnati, OH 45225, USA l Institute of Geography and Oeschger Centre for Climate Change Research, University of Bern, Switzerland m Department of Geology, The College of Wooster, Wooster, OH 44691, USA n Lamont-Doherty Earth Observatory, Columbia University, Palisades, NY, USA article info abstract Article history: A global overview of glacier advances and retreats (grouped by regions and by millennia) for the Received 15 July 2014 Holocene is compiled from previous studies. The reconstructions of glacier fluctuations are based on Received in revised form 1) mapping and dating moraines defined by 14C, TCN, OSL, lichenometry and tree rings (discontinuous 22 November 2014 records/time series), and 2) sediments from proglacial lakes and speleothems (continuous records/ Accepted 27 November 2014 time series). -
A Review of the Current State and Recent Changes of the Andean Cryosphere
feart-08-00099 June 20, 2020 Time: 19:44 # 1 REVIEW published: 23 June 2020 doi: 10.3389/feart.2020.00099 A Review of the Current State and Recent Changes of the Andean Cryosphere M. H. Masiokas1*, A. Rabatel2, A. Rivera3,4, L. Ruiz1, P. Pitte1, J. L. Ceballos5, G. Barcaza6, A. Soruco7, F. Bown8, E. Berthier9, I. Dussaillant9 and S. MacDonell10 1 Instituto Argentino de Nivología, Glaciología y Ciencias Ambientales (IANIGLA), CCT CONICET Mendoza, Mendoza, Argentina, 2 Univ. Grenoble Alpes, CNRS, IRD, Grenoble-INP, Institut des Géosciences de l’Environnement, Grenoble, France, 3 Departamento de Geografía, Universidad de Chile, Santiago, Chile, 4 Instituto de Conservación, Biodiversidad y Territorio, Universidad Austral de Chile, Valdivia, Chile, 5 Instituto de Hidrología, Meteorología y Estudios Ambientales (IDEAM), Bogotá, Colombia, 6 Instituto de Geografía, Pontificia Universidad Católica de Chile, Santiago, Chile, 7 Facultad de Ciencias Geológicas, Universidad Mayor de San Andrés, La Paz, Bolivia, 8 Tambo Austral Geoscience Consultants, Valdivia, Chile, 9 LEGOS, Université de Toulouse, CNES, CNRS, IRD, UPS, Toulouse, France, 10 Centro de Estudios Avanzados en Zonas Áridas (CEAZA), La Serena, Chile The Andes Cordillera contains the most diverse cryosphere on Earth, including extensive areas covered by seasonal snow, numerous tropical and extratropical glaciers, and many mountain permafrost landforms. Here, we review some recent advances in the study of the main components of the cryosphere in the Andes, and discuss the Edited by: changes observed in the seasonal snow and permanent ice masses of this region Bryan G. Mark, The Ohio State University, over the past decades. The open access and increasing availability of remote sensing United States products has produced a substantial improvement in our understanding of the current Reviewed by: state and recent changes of the Andean cryosphere, allowing an unprecedented detail Tom Holt, Aberystwyth University, in their identification and monitoring at local and regional scales. -
Glacier Fluctuations During the Past 2000 Years
Quaternary Science Reviews 149 (2016) 61e90 Contents lists available at ScienceDirect Quaternary Science Reviews journal homepage: www.elsevier.com/locate/quascirev Invited review Glacier fluctuations during the past 2000 years * Olga N. Solomina a, , Raymond S. Bradley b, Vincent Jomelli c, Aslaug Geirsdottir d, Darrell S. Kaufman e, Johannes Koch f, Nicholas P. McKay e, Mariano Masiokas g, Gifford Miller h, Atle Nesje i, j, Kurt Nicolussi k, Lewis A. Owen l, Aaron E. Putnam m, n, Heinz Wanner o, Gregory Wiles p, Bao Yang q a Institute of Geography RAS, Staromonetny-29, 119017 Staromonetny, Moscow, Russia b Department of Geosciences, University of Massachusetts, Amherst, MA 01003, USA c Universite Paris 1 Pantheon-Sorbonne, CNRS Laboratoire de Geographie Physique, 92195 Meudon, France d Department of Earth Sciences, University of Iceland, Askja, Sturlugata 7, 101 Reykjavík, Iceland e School of Earth Sciences and Environmental Sustainability, Northern Arizona University, Flagstaff, AZ 86011, USA f Department of Geography, Brandon University, Brandon, MB R7A 6A9, Canada g Instituto Argentino de Nivología, Glaciología y Ciencias Ambientales (IANIGLA), CCT CONICET Mendoza, CC 330 Mendoza, Argentina h INSTAAR and Geological Sciences, University of Colorado Boulder, USA i Department of Earth Science, University of Bergen, Allegaten 41, N-5007 Bergen, Norway j Uni Research Climate AS at Bjerknes Centre for Climate Research, Bergen, Norway k Institute of Geography, University of Innsbruck, Innrain 52, 6020 Innsbruck, Austria l Department of Geology, -
Regional Synthesis of Last Glacial Maximum Snowlines in the Tropical Andes, South America
ARTICLE IN PRESS Quaternary International 138–139 (2005) 145–167 Regional synthesis of last glacial maximum snowlines in the tropical Andes, South America Jacqueline A. Smitha,Ã, Geoffrey O. Seltzera,y, Donald T. Rodbellb, Andrew G. Kleinc aDepartment of Earth Sciences, 204 Heroy Geology Lab, Syracuse University, Syracuse, NY 13244-1070, USA bDepartment of Geology, Union College, Schenectady, NY 12308, USA cDepartment of Geography, Texas A&M University, College Station, TX 77843, USA Available online 18 April 2005 Abstract The modern glaciers of the tropical Andes are a small remnant of the ice that occupied the mountain chain during past glacial periods. Estimates of local Last Glacial Maximum (LGM) snowline depression range from low (e.g., 200–300 m in the Junin region, Peru), through intermediate (600 m at Laguna Kollpa Kkota in Bolivia), to high (e.g., 1100–1350 m in the Cordillera Oriental, Peru). Although a considerable body of work on paleosnowlines exists for the tropical Andes, absolute dating is lacking for most sites. Moraines that have been reliably dated to 21 cal kyr BP have been identified at few locations in the tropical Andes. More commonly, but still rarely, moraines can be bracketed between about 10 14C kyr (11.5 cal kyr BP) and 30 14C kyr BP. Typically, only minimum-limiting ages for glacial retreat are available. Cosmogenic dating of erratics on moraines may be able to provide absolute dating with sufficient accuracy to identify deposits of the local LGM. Ongoing work using cosmogenic 10Be and 26Al in Peru and Bolivia suggests that the local LGM may have occurred prior to 21 cal kyr BP. -
Decadal Changes in Glacier Parameters in the Cordillera Blanca, Peru, Derived from Remote Sensing
Journal of Glaciology, Vol. 54, No. 186, 2008 499 Decadal changes in glacier parameters in the Cordillera Blanca, Peru, derived from remote sensing Adina E. RACOVITEANU,1,2,3 Yves ARNAUD,4 Mark W. WILLIAMS,1,2 Julio ORDON˜ EZ5 1Department of Geography, University of Colorado, Boulder, Colorado 80309-0260, USA E-mail: [email protected] 2Institute of Arctic and Alpine Research, University of Colorado, Boulder, Colorado 80309-0450, USA 3National Snow and Ice Data Center/World Data Center for Glaciology, CIRES, University of Colorado, Boulder, Colorado 80309-0449, USA 4IRD, Great Ice, Laboratoire de Glaciologie et Ge´ophysique de l’Environnement du CNRS (associe´a` l’Universite´ Joseph Fourier–Grenoble I), 54 rue Molie`re, BP 96, 38402 Saint-Martin-d’He`res Cedex, France 5Direcion de Hidrologı´a y Recursos Hidricos, Servicio Nacional de Meteorologı´a e Hidrologı´a Jiro´n Cahuide No. 175 – Jesu´s Marı´a, Lima 11, Peru ABSTRACT. We present spatial patterns of glacier fluctuations from the Cordillera Blanca, Peru, (glacier area, terminus elevations, median elevations and hypsography) at decadal timescales derived from 1970 aerial photography, 2003 SPOT5 satellite data, Geographic Information Systems (GIS) and statistical analyses. We derived new glacier outlines from the 2003 SPOT images, and ingested them in the Global Land and Ice Measurements from Space (GLIMS) glacier database. We examined changes in glacier area on the eastern and western side of the Cordillera in relation to topographic and climate variables (temperature and precipitation). Results include (1) an estimated glacierized area of 569.6 Æ 21 km2 in 2003, (2) an overall loss in glacierized area of 22.4% from 1970 to 2003, (3) an average rise in glacier terminus elevations by 113 m and an average rise in the median elevation of glaciers by 66 m, showing a shift of ice to higher elevations, especially on the eastern side of the Cordillera, and (4) an increase in the number of glaciers, which indicates disintegration of ice bodies. -
Glacier Evolution in the South West Slope of Nevado Coropuna
Glacier evolution in the South West slope of Nevado Coropuna (Cordillera Ampato, Perú) Néstor Campos Oset Master Project Master en Tecnologías de la Información Geográfica (TIG) Universidad Complutense de Madrid Director: Prof. David Palacios (UCM) Departamento de Análisis Geográfico Regional y Geografía Física Grupo de Investigación en Geografía Física de Alta Montaña (GFAM) ACKNOWLEDGEMENTS I would like to gratefully and sincerely thank Dr. David Palacios for his help and guidance during the realization of this master thesis. I would also like to thank Dr. José Úbeda for his assistance and support. Thanks to GFAM-GEM for providing materials used for the analysis. And last but not least, a special thanks to my family, for their encouragement during this project and their unwavering support in all that I do. 2 TABLE OF CONTENTS CHAPTER 1 INTRODUCTION...................................................................................... 4 1.1 Geographic settings ................................................................................................ 4 1.2 Geologic settings .................................................................................................... 6 1.3 Climatic setting....................................................................................................... 8 1.4 Glacier hazards ..................................................................................................... 10 1.5 Glacier evolution ................................................................................................. -
Multiproxy Analysis of Climate Variability for the Last Millennium in the Tropical Andes
Multiproxy analysis of climate variability for the last millennium in the tropical Andes V. Jomelli 1,2, J. Argollo', D. Brunstein', V. Favier", G. Hoffmann", M.P. Ledru", lE. Sicarr 1. CNRS Laboratoire de Geographie Physique de Meudon UMR8591 France. 2. IRD UR GREAT ICE MSE Montpellier, France 3. IGEMA, University Mayor San Andres, La Paz, Bolivia 4. CEAZA, Benavente 980, La Serena, Chile 5. CEA Laboratoire des Sciences du Climat et de I'Environnement, Gif sur Yvettes, France Vincent, some ofthis paper is in British English and some in American, which changes the spelling modelling/modeling etc etc and you should have the same spelling throughout Abstract Reconstructing climate over the last millennium is one major target of climate research. The extent of climate variability over recent centuries sets the scale on which ongoing climate changes can be measured. The quality of reconstructions of millennial temperatures in the northern hemisphere has greatly improved over the last decade (IPCC, 2007). Nevertheless there is still a lack of precisely dated, high-quality climate reconstructions in the tropics, a lack which is particularly disturbing since this region is a major climate engine for the global water cycle. In recent years, a significant effort has been made to improve our knowledge on climatic variability in the tropical Andes by developing new proxy records, new transfer functions and better time resolution of available proxy records. Hence the aim of this paper is to review the different proxies with multi-decadal to annual resolution available in the tropical Andes (Bolivia, Peru, Ecuador) such as glacial moraines, pollens, isotopic variations in ice core records, and tree rings. -
Anthropogenic Climate Change and Glacier Lake Outburst Flood Risk
https://doi.org/10.5194/nhess-2020-44 Preprint. Discussion started: 26 February 2020 c Author(s) 2020. CC BY 4.0 License. Anthropogenic climate change and glacier lake outburst flood risk: local and global drivers and responsibilities for the case of Lake Palcacocha, Peru Christian Huggel1, Mark Carey2, Adam Emmer3, Holger Frey1, Noah Walker-Crawford4, Ivo Wallimann- 5 Helmer5 1Department of Geography, University of Zurich, Winterthurerstrasse 190, CH-8057 Zurich, Switzerland 2Robert D. Clark Honors College and Environmental Studies Program, University of Oregon, USA 3The Czech Academy of Science, Global Change Research Institute, 603 00 Brno, Czech Republic 4Department of Social Anthropology, Manchester University, UK 10 5Environmental Humanities; Department of Geosciences, University of Fribourg, Switzerland Correspondence to: Christian Huggel ([email protected] ) Abstract. Evidence of observed negative impacts on natural and human systems from anthropogenic climate change is increasing. However, human systems in particular are dynamic and influenced by multiple drivers, and hence identifying an anthropogenic climate signal is challenging. 15 Here we analyze the case of lake Palcacocha in the Andes of Peru which offers a representative model for other glacier lakes and related risks around the world because it features a dynamic evolution of flood risk driven by physical and socio-economic factors and processes. Furthermore, it is the object of a prominent climate litigation case where a local Peruvian citizen sued a large German energy producer over risk of flooding from lake Palcacocha. Adopting a conceptual model of cascading impacts and multiple drivers of risk we first study climatic and other geophysical 20 drivers of flood risk. -
Vegetation of Andean Wetlands (Bofedales) in Huascarán National Park, Peru
Vegetation of Andean wetlands (bofedales) in Huascarán National Park, Peru M.H. Polk1, K.R. Young1, A. Cano2 and B. León1,2 1Department of Geography & the Environment, The University of Texas at Austin, USA 2Museo de Historia Natural, Universidad Nacional Mayor de San Marcos, Lima, Perú _______________________________________________________________________________________ SUMMARY Hybrid terrestrial-aquatic ecosystems in the Andes, commonly known as bofedales, consist of both peatlands and wet meadows and line valley floors at elevations > 3800 m. Compared with similar ecosystems at lower altitudes and higher latitudes, the ecosystem processes and spatial patterns of bofedales are only just beginning to be understood. The research presented here provides the first exploratory and descriptive analysis of the biodiversity and place-to-place variation of vegetation in bofedales in three valleys inside Peru’s Huascarán National Park. Through vegetation surveys, we recorded 112 plant species in 29 families. Over a short geographical distance, a valley-to-valley comparison showed high dissimilarity in terms of species composition. Based on dominant life form and species composition, vegetation in bofedales can be grouped into five assemblages. Our preliminary analysis suggests that several abiotic factors could influence the floristic composition of bofedales: elevation, bulk density, percent organic matter, and cation exchange capacity. The findings of high valley-to-valley variation in species, soil and elevation influences may be useful to land managers of high mountain landscapes that are undergoing transformation related to glacier recession. While our findings advance research on tropical Andean bofedales, they also highlight the need for additional comprehensive investigations to fill gaps in knowledge about the tropical mountains of Latin America. -
Climate Change and Tropical Andean Glaciers: Past, Present and Future
Earth-Science Reviews 89 (2008) 79–96 Contents lists available at ScienceDirect Earth-Science Reviews journal homepage: www.elsevier.com/locate/earscirev Climate change and tropical Andean glaciers: Past, present and future Mathias Vuille a,b,⁎, Bernard Francou c, Patrick Wagnon c, Irmgard Juen d, Georg Kaser d, Bryan G. Mark e, Raymond S. Bradley b a Department of Earth and Atmospheric Science, University at Albany, State University of New York, Albany, USA b Climate System Research Center, Department of Geosciences, University of Massachusetts, Amherst, USA c IRD-Great Ice, Laboratoire de Glaciologie et de Géophysique, BP 96 38402 Saint Martin d'Hères Cedex, France d Tropical Glaciology Group, Institute of Geography, University of Innsbruck, Austria e Department of Geography and Byrd Polar Research Center, Ohio State University, Columbus, USA ARTICLE INFO ABSTRACT Article history: Observations on glacier extent from Ecuador, Peru and Bolivia give a detailed and unequivocal account of Received 30 May 2007 rapid shrinkage of tropical Andean glaciers since the Little Ice Age (LIA). This retreat however, was not Accepted 8 April 2008 continuous but interrupted by several periods of stagnant or even advancing glaciers, most recently around Available online 24 April 2008 the end of the 20th century. New data from mass balance networks established on over a dozen glaciers allows comparison of the glacier behavior in the inner and outer tropics. It appears that glacier variations are Keywords: Andes quite coherent throughout the region, despite different sensitivities to climatic forcing such as temperature, glaciers precipitation, humidity, etc. In parallel with the glacier retreat, climate in the tropical Andes has changed climate change significantly over the past 50–60 years. -
Cordillera Blanca
Progress and perspectives (GCW Tropical Workshop. July 2017) Lic. Martí Bonshoms Calvelo [email protected] [email protected] Perú Surface: 1 285 216 km2 Located in the southern tropical region of the planet. 1300 km2 of glaciers (ANA, 2014). 70% of world tropical glaciers According to Tyndall Center, is the third vulnerablest country to climate change in the World. Peru have an extremely climatic variety: 27 of 32 existing climates in the world (Thornthwaite). White: northern and central ranges Green: southern ranges. Huallanca Huayhuash Blanca Huagoruncho Huaytapallana Raura Vilcabamba Urubamba La Viuda Vilcanota Central Carabaya Chonta Ampato Apolobamba Huanzo La Raya Chila Blanca Huallanca White: northern and central ranges Huayhuash Huagoruncho Raura La Viuda Huaytapallana Central Chonta Cordillera Huaytapallana Complete Weather station ( 4684 m.) Termohigrometer (not ventilated) Atmospheric pressure Snow height Wind direction & velocity Precipitation (Real time data / GOES) Weather station Hydrological station HUAYTAPALLANA (SENAMHI) White: northern and middle mountains Central Cordillera Central 2 Complete Weather station ( 5005 m & 5080 m) Termohigrometer (ventilated) Atmospheric pressure Snow height Wind direction & velocity Precipitation Radiative balance (Real time data / GOES) • Weather station on Chuecon Glacier • Weather station out of glacier • Hidrologycal sensor CHUECON FIJA (ANA) CHUECON GLACIAR (ANA) Blanca White: northern and middle mountains Cordillera Blanca 2 Complete Weather station ( 4797 m & 5000