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Comparitive Mortality Levels Among Selected Species of Captive Animals
Demographic Research a free, expedited, online journal of peer-reviewed research and commentary in the population sciences published by the Max Planck Institute for Demographic Research Konrad-Zuse Str. 1, D-18057 Rostock ¢ GERMANY www.demographic-research.org DEMOGRAPHIC RESEARCH VOLUME 15, ARTICLE 14, PAGES 413-434 PUBLISHED 17 NOVEMBER 2006 http://www.demographic-research.org/Volumes/Vol15/14/ DOI: 10.4054/DemRes.2006.15.14 Research Article Comparative mortality levels among selected species of captive animals Iliana V. Kohler Samuel H. Preston Laurie Bingaman Lackey °c 2006 Kohler et al. This open-access work is published under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution NonCommercial License 2.0 Germany, which permits use, reproduction & distribution in any medium for non-commercial purposes, provided the original author(s) and source are given credit. See http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/2.0/de/ Table of Contents 1 Introduction 414 2 Description of data and analytic scheme 414 3 Results 419 3.1 Life tables for groups of species 419 3.2 Mortality variation by species, sex, and birth type 421 3.3 Life table parameters for individual species 426 4 Discussion 430 Demographic Research – Volume 15, Article 14 research article Comparative mortality levels among selected species of captive animals Iliana V. Kohler 1 Samuel H. Preston 2 Laurie Bingaman Lackey 3 Abstract We present life tables by single year of age and sex for groups of animals and for 42 individual mostly mammalian species. Data are derived from the International Species Information System. The survivorship of most of these species has never been mapped systematically. -
Impacts of Roads and Hunting on Central African Rainforest Mammals
Impacts of Roads and Hunting on Central African Rainforest Mammals WILLIAM F. LAURANCE,∗ BARBARA M. CROES,† LANDRY TCHIGNOUMBA,† SALLY A. LAHM,†‡ ALFONSO ALONSO,† MICHELLE E. LEE,† PATRICK CAMPBELL,† AND CLAUDE ONDZEANO† ∗Smithsonian Tropical Research Institute, Apartado 2072, Balboa, Republic of Panam´a, email [email protected] †Monitoring and Assessment of Biodiversity Program, National Zoological Park, Smithsonian Institution, P.O. Box 37012, Washington, D.C. 20560–0705, U.S.A. ‡Institut de Recherche en Ecologie Tropicale, B.P. 180, Makokou, Gabon Abstract: Road expansion and associated increases in hunting pressure are a rapidly growing threat to African tropical wildlife. In the rainforests of southern Gabon, we compared abundances of larger (>1kg) mammal species at varying distances from forest roads and between hunted and unhunted treatments (com- paring a 130-km2 oil concession that was almost entirely protected from hunting with nearby areas outside the concession that had moderate hunting pressure). At each of 12 study sites that were evenly divided between hunted and unhunted areas, we established standardized 1-km transects at five distances (50, 300, 600, 900, and 1200 m) from an unpaved road, and then repeatedly surveyed mammals during the 2004 dry and wet seasons. Hunting had the greatest impact on duikers (Cephalophus spp.), forest buffalo (Syncerus caffer nanus), and red river hogs (Potamochoerus porcus), which declined in abundance outside the oil concession, and lesser effects on lowland gorillas (Gorilla gorilla gorilla) and carnivores. Roads depressed abundances of duikers, si- tatungas (Tragelaphus spekei gratus), and forest elephants (Loxondonta africana cyclotis), with avoidance of roads being stronger outside than inside the concession. -
Download the Spring 2019 Edition
The Paw Print • SPRING 2019 PawThe Print SPRING1 2019 Open Your Eyes to the Wild The Paw Print • SPRING 2019 Pam Fulk The Director’s Desk Executive Director It’s hard to believe that we are celebrating 45 like we have different and years of saving and protecting wild cats. We deeper relationships with are extremely fortunate to meet this milestone. some people more than Many nonprofits who lose a founder or who go others, the same is true through a transformation the scope of ours do for me with the animals not survive the process. here at Carolina Tiger Rescue. My first love here was Elwood Jaguar. While he was naturally Several of our sister sanctuaries also began stand-offish and regal, the herb rosemary turned differently, particularly regarding their him into a pussycat. When he died, I was sad, philosophy toward the cats. The transition to a not just because he was gone but because he was true federally-defined wild cat sanctuary meant a beautiful jaguar and his genes would not live not taking animals out into the community, not on in the wild. going in with animals or touching them, and no longer breeding among other things. These There are so many more stories I could tell. So were hard changes for all of us and took time. many lessons the cats teach us. This year we I still miss binturongs (while not cats, they celebrate the memories of the past 45 years were originally part of our mission.) Now, every and as we move forward, we’re committed to member of the new Big Cat Sanctuary Alliance building a nationally-recognized education subscribes to these values, as well as educating program. -
PDF File Containing Table of Lengths and Thicknesses of Turtle Shells And
Source Species Common name length (cm) thickness (cm) L t TURTLES AMNH 1 Sternotherus odoratus common musk turtle 2.30 0.089 AMNH 2 Clemmys muhlenbergi bug turtle 3.80 0.069 AMNH 3 Chersina angulata Angulate tortoise 3.90 0.050 AMNH 4 Testudo carbonera 6.97 0.130 AMNH 5 Sternotherus oderatus 6.99 0.160 AMNH 6 Sternotherus oderatus 7.00 0.165 AMNH 7 Sternotherus oderatus 7.00 0.165 AMNH 8 Homopus areolatus Common padloper 7.95 0.100 AMNH 9 Homopus signatus Speckled tortoise 7.98 0.231 AMNH 10 Kinosternon subrabum steinochneri Florida mud turtle 8.90 0.178 AMNH 11 Sternotherus oderatus Common musk turtle 8.98 0.290 AMNH 12 Chelydra serpentina Snapping turtle 8.98 0.076 AMNH 13 Sternotherus oderatus 9.00 0.168 AMNH 14 Hardella thurgi Crowned River Turtle 9.04 0.263 AMNH 15 Clemmys muhlenbergii Bog turtle 9.09 0.231 AMNH 16 Kinosternon subrubrum The Eastern Mud Turtle 9.10 0.253 AMNH 17 Kinixys crosa hinged-back tortoise 9.34 0.160 AMNH 18 Peamobates oculifers 10.17 0.140 AMNH 19 Peammobates oculifera 10.27 0.140 AMNH 20 Kinixys spekii Speke's hinged tortoise 10.30 0.201 AMNH 21 Terrapene ornata ornate box turtle 10.30 0.406 AMNH 22 Terrapene ornata North American box turtle 10.76 0.257 AMNH 23 Geochelone radiata radiated tortoise (Madagascar) 10.80 0.155 AMNH 24 Malaclemys terrapin diamondback terrapin 11.40 0.295 AMNH 25 Malaclemys terrapin Diamondback terrapin 11.58 0.264 AMNH 26 Terrapene carolina eastern box turtle 11.80 0.259 AMNH 27 Chrysemys picta Painted turtle 12.21 0.267 AMNH 28 Chrysemys picta painted turtle 12.70 0.168 AMNH 29 -
Animals of Africa
Silver 49 Bronze 26 Gold 59 Copper 17 Animals of Africa _______________________________________________Diamond 80 PYGMY ANTELOPES Klipspringer Common oribi Haggard oribi Gold 59 Bronze 26 Silver 49 Copper 17 Bronze 26 Silver 49 Gold 61 Copper 17 Diamond 80 Diamond 80 Steenbok 1 234 5 _______________________________________________ _______________________________________________ Cape grysbok BIG CATS LECHWE, KOB, PUKU Sharpe grysbok African lion 1 2 2 2 Common lechwe Livingstone suni African leopard***** Kafue Flats lechwe East African suni African cheetah***** _______________________________________________ Red lechwe Royal antelope SMALL CATS & AFRICAN CIVET Black lechwe Bates pygmy antelope Serval Nile lechwe 1 1 2 2 4 _______________________________________________ Caracal 2 White-eared kob DIK-DIKS African wild cat Uganda kob Salt dik-dik African golden cat CentralAfrican kob Harar dik-dik 1 2 2 African civet _______________________________________________ Western kob (Buffon) Guenther dik-dik HYENAS Puku Kirk dik-dik Spotted hyena 1 1 1 _______________________________________________ Damara dik-dik REEDBUCKS & RHEBOK Brown hyena Phillips dik-dik Common reedbuck _______________________________________________ _______________________________________________African striped hyena Eastern bohor reedbuck BUSH DUIKERS THICK-SKINNED GAME Abyssinian bohor reedbuck Southern bush duiker _______________________________________________African elephant 1 1 1 Sudan bohor reedbuck Angolan bush duiker (closed) 1 122 2 Black rhinoceros** *** Nigerian -
Mallard Creek
MALLARD DID YOU KNOW? Every Mecklenburg County creek except two starts in Mecklenburg. Mecklenburg County has 3,000 miles of creeks and streams. CREEK Two-thirds of Mecklenburg County is in the Catawba River watershed, and the creeks flow into Lake Norman, Mountain Island Lake, Lake Wylie or other parts of the Catawba River. The eastern third of Mecklenburg County is in the Yadkin-Pee Dee watershed. Those creeks eventually flow into the Pee Dee River. A “perennial” stream typically has water flowing in it year-round. Most of the water comes from smaller streams that flow in, or from groundwater, with some additional water from rain or other precipitation. Until the creeks became polluted, people swam in them, fished in them and got water from them. Mecklenburg County has 126 named creeks. This includes creeks whose name is “tributary of.” When the term “impaired,” is used for water, it means the body of water does not meet the standards that environmental laws set for it. What lives in a healthy creek? Aquatic life, which can include fish, small invertebrates such as snails and crawfish, insect larvae, tadpoles, plankton and algae. The cleaner the water, the more life in the creek. The most widespread problems for streams across the U.S. are nitrogen and phosphorus (called “nutrients”), sediments The Mallard Creek Mallard Creek’s tributaries, Around 1920, before there was a strong in the streambed, and activities that disturb the stream’s watershed is the flows through the campus system of public schools in Mecklenburg banks such as construction, farming or removing vegetation. -
Natural Mortality and Size Structure of Introduced Blue Catfish in Virginia Tidal Rivers
Introduced Blue Catfish Mortality and Size Structure . Hilling et al. Natural Mortality and Size Structure of Introduced Blue Catfish in Virginia Tidal Rivers Corbin D. Hilling, Department of Fish and Wildlife Conservation, Virginia Polytechnic Institute and State University, Blacksburg, VA 24061 Aaron J. Bunch, Virginia Department of Game and Inland Fisheries, Charles City, VA 23030 Robert S. Greenlee, Virginia Department of Game and Inland Fisheries, Charles City, VA 23030 Donald J. Orth, Department of Fish and Wildlife Conservation, Virginia Polytechnic Institute and State University, Blacksburg, VA 24061 Yan Jiao, Department of Fish and Wildlife Conservation, Virginia Polytechnic Institute and State University, Blacksburg, VA 24061 Abstract: In the 1970s and 1980s, blue catfish Ictalurus( furcatus) were introduced to the tidal rivers of Virginia. Current abundances and uncertainty about population characteristics of blue catfish generated concern for other economically important and imperiled species. We estimated natural mor- tality and size structure of blue catfish for four tidal river systems (i.e., James, Mattaponi, Pamunkey and Rappahannock). Using common empirical estimators with pooled data from the period 2002–2016, we calculated five estimates of natural mortality. Proportional size distributions were used to examine changes in size structure over time. Maximum observed age of 25 years indicated mature populations. Estimated mean instantaneous natural mortality (M) from five empirical estimators ranged from 0.13–0.19 in the four rivers. Temporal trends in size structure differed among rivers, likely due to differences in stocking timing and riverine productivity. Proportions of memorable and trophy size blue catfish appear to have recently declined in three of four rivers, but size-structure indices demonstrated continued viability of the James River trophy fishery. -
A Scoping Review of Viral Diseases in African Ungulates
veterinary sciences Review A Scoping Review of Viral Diseases in African Ungulates Hendrik Swanepoel 1,2, Jan Crafford 1 and Melvyn Quan 1,* 1 Vectors and Vector-Borne Diseases Research Programme, Department of Veterinary Tropical Disease, Faculty of Veterinary Science, University of Pretoria, Pretoria 0110, South Africa; [email protected] (H.S.); [email protected] (J.C.) 2 Department of Biomedical Sciences, Institute of Tropical Medicine, 2000 Antwerp, Belgium * Correspondence: [email protected]; Tel.: +27-12-529-8142 Abstract: (1) Background: Viral diseases are important as they can cause significant clinical disease in both wild and domestic animals, as well as in humans. They also make up a large proportion of emerging infectious diseases. (2) Methods: A scoping review of peer-reviewed publications was performed and based on the guidelines set out in the Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta-Analyses (PRISMA) extension for scoping reviews. (3) Results: The final set of publications consisted of 145 publications. Thirty-two viruses were identified in the publications and 50 African ungulates were reported/diagnosed with viral infections. Eighteen countries had viruses diagnosed in wild ungulates reported in the literature. (4) Conclusions: A comprehensive review identified several areas where little information was available and recommendations were made. It is recommended that governments and research institutions offer more funding to investigate and report viral diseases of greater clinical and zoonotic significance. A further recommendation is for appropriate One Health approaches to be adopted for investigating, controlling, managing and preventing diseases. Diseases which may threaten the conservation of certain wildlife species also require focused attention. -
Carolina Thread Trail Master Plan for Catawba County Communities
CAROLINA THREAD TRAIL MASTER PLAN FOR CATAWBA COUNTY COMMUNITIES December 2010 The Vision “The Carolina Thread Trail is a regional trail network that will eventually reach 15 counties and over 2 million people. Simply put, it will link people and places. It will link cities, towns, and attractions. More than a hiking trail, more than a bike path, the Carolina Thread Trail will preserve our natural areas and will be a place for exploration of nature, culture, science and history, for family adventures and celebrations of friendship. It will be for young and old, athlete and average. This is a landmark project. A legacy that will give so much, to so many, for so long.” -from the Carolina Thread Trail Table of Contents Acknowledgements .........................................................................................................................................01 Executive Summary ........................................................................................................................................03 Chapter 1: Introduction Carolina Thread Trail ...................................................................................................................................... 06 Chapter 2: Greenway Benefits Health Benefits ............................................................................................................................................... 09 Improved Environmental Quality .................................................................................................................... -
Aquatic Nuisance Species Management Plan
NORTH CAROLINA ria ut N e Mystery er Prim es S Wat ros in na e Ch il Aquatic ish F on Nuisance Li rn Sna Species Nor the kehead Marbled Cray fish Hydrill a h Spo fis tted Jelly MANAGEMENT PLAN NORTH CAROLINA AQUATIC NUISANCE SPECIES MANAGEMENT PLAN Prepared by the NC Aquatic Nuisance Species Management Plan Committee October 1, 2015 Approved by: Steve Troxler, Commissioner North Carolina Department of Agriculture and Consumer Services Donald R. van der Vaart, Secretary North Carolina Department of Environmental Quality Gordon Myers, Executive Director North Carolina Wildlife Resources Commission TABLE OF CONTENTS Acknowledgements Executive Summary I. Introduction .....................................................................................................................................................................................................................1 The difference between Aquatic Invasive Species (AIS) and Aquatic Nuisance Species (ANS) ................................................................5 Plan Purpose, Scope and Development ............................................................................................................................................................................. 5 Aquatic Invasive Species Vectors and Impacts ............................................................................................................................................................... 6 Interactions with Other Plan ................................................................................................................................................................................................ -
Chapter One: Introduction
Nocturnal Adventures Curriculum Manual 2013 Updated by Kimberly Mosgrove 3/28/2013 1 TABLE OF CONTENTS CHAPTER 1: INTRODUCTION……………………………………….……….…………………… pp. 3-4 CHAPTER 2: THE NUTS AND BOLTS………………………………………….……………….pp. 5-10 CHAPTER 3: POLICIES…………………………………………………………………………………….p. 11 CHAPTER 4: EMERGENCY PROCEDURES……………..……………………….………….pp. 12-13 CHAPTER 5: GENERAL PROGRAM INFORMATION………………………….………..pp.14-17 CHAPTER 6: OVERNIGHT TOURS I - Animal Adaptations………………………….pp. 18-50 CHAPTER 7: OVERNIGHT TOURS II - Sleep with the Manatees………..………pp. 51-81 CHAPTER 8: OVERNIGHT TOURS III - Wolf Woods…………….………….….….pp. 82-127 CHAPTER 9: MORNING TOURS…………………………………………………………….pp.128-130 Updated by Kimberly Mosgrove 3/28/2013 2 CHAPTER ONE: INTRODUCTION What is the Nocturnal Adventures program? The Cincinnati Zoo and Botanical Garden’s Education Department offers a unique look at our zoo—the zoo at night. We offer three sequential overnight programs designed to build upon students’ understanding of the natural world. Within these programs, we strive to combine learning with curiosity, passion with dedication, and advocacy with perspective. By sharing our knowledge of, and excitement about, environmental education, we hope to create quality experiences that foster a sense of wonder, share knowledge, and advocate active involvement with wildlife and wild places. Overnight experiences offer a deeper and more profound look at what a zoo really is. The children involved have time to process what they experience, while encountering firsthand the wonderful relationships people can have with wild animals and wild places. The program offers three special adventures: Animal Adaptations, Wolf Woods, and Sleep with the Manatees, including several specialty programs. Activities range from a guided tour of zoo buildings and grounds (including a peek behind-the-scenes), to educational games, animal demonstrations, late night hikes, and presentations of bio-facts. -
Inokashira Park
Itsukaichi avenyu Zoo & Botanical garden Kichijoji JR Chuo line 01 Inokashira avenyu Inokashira Park Zoo Inokashira Park Tall parking Kichijoji Inokashira Park Keio-Inokashira line Inokashira Park Zoo avenue Administrator ■ Tokyo Zoological Park Society ●Location 1-chome Gotenyama, Musashino-shi / 4-chome Inokashira, Mitaka-shi ●Contact Information tel:0422-46-1100 Inokashira Park Zoo (1-17-6 Gotenyama, Musashino-shi, 180-0005) ●Transport 10-minute walk from Kichijoji (JR Chuo line, Keio Inokashira line), Parking lot (inside Inokashira Park, toll) ●Closed Mondays (the following day if the Monday is a national holiday), New Year’s holidays (December 29 - January 1) ●Open 9:30 a.m. - 4:00 p.m. (5:00 p.m. close) ●Admission Adults ¥ 400, junior high school student ¥ 150, 65 years old and over ¥ 200 *children under elementary school or junior high school students living/ attending school in Tokyo are free of charge ●Free days Park Opening Memorial Day (May 17), Greenery Day (May 4), Tokyo Citizens’ Day (October 1) Nestled in gorgeous greenery of Inokashira Park that deeply reminisc- es the Musashino area, the park is divided into two areas; zoo (Main park) on the west side and Aquatic life park (a separate part of the park) surrounded by the Inokashira pond. Focus of animals found in Japan, there are about 170 species of native creatures bred and exhibited in the park. There are also facilities such as sculpture garden, Doshinkyo, and Sportsland (mini amusement park), adding more ways to enjoy the park. Animals living in Japan Inokashira Park Zoo’s best feature is that it places much efforts in breeding and exhibiting animals from Japan.