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Integrated Analysis of Transcriptomics and Metabolomics in Blunt Snout Bream (Megalobrama Amblycephala)

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Integrated Analysis of Transcriptomics and Metabolomics in Blunt Snout Bream (Megalobrama Amblycephala) Cellular Physiology Cell Physiol Biochem 2018;49:17-39 DOI: 10.1159/00049283710.1159/000492837 © 2018 The Author(s).© 2018 Published The Author(s) by S. Karger AG, Basel Published online: online: 22 22 August, August, 2018 2018 www.karger.com/cpbPublished by S. Karger AG, Basel 17 and Biochemistry www.karger.com/cpb Guan et al.: Integrated Analysis of Transcriptomics and Metabolomics For Fish Muscle Accepted: 13 August, 2018 This article is licensed under the Creative Commons Attribution-NonCommercial-NoDerivatives 4.0 Interna- tional License (CC BY-NC-ND) (http://www.karger.com/Services/OpenAccessLicense). Usage and distribution for commercial purposes as well as any distribution of modified material requires writtenpermission. Original Paper Is the Nutritional Value of Fish Fillet Related to Fish Maturation or Fish Age? Integrated Analysis of Transcriptomics and Metabolomics in Blunt Snout Bream (Megalobrama amblycephala) Ning-Nan Guana,b Qiong Zhoua,b Tian Lana,b Lai-Fang Zhoua,b Bo-Wen Zhaoa,b Wei-Min Wanga,b Ze-Xia Gaoa,b,c aCollege of Fisheries, Key Lab of Agricultural Animal Genetics, Breeding and Reproduction of Ministry of Education/Key Lab of Freshwater Animal Breeding, Ministry of Agriculture, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, bCollaborative Innovation Center for Healthy Freshwater Aquaculture of Hubei Province, Wuhan, cHubei Provincial Engineering Laboratory for Pond Aquaculture, Wuhan, China Key Words Megalobrama amblycephala • Flesh meat nutrition • Transcriptomics • Metabolomics • Omics association analysis Abstract Background/Aims: Fish is a protein-rich food and is increasingly favored by consumers. It has been well recognized that the flesh composition of fish is closely related to its maturation and growth stage, but few studies have explored these differences. Additionally, hormone residues in fish after artificial induction of reproduction also attract consumer concern. In this study, we attempt to address these concerns by using a combination of transcriptomics and metabolomics analyses to identify key regulated pathways, genes, and metabolites that may affect the flesh nutrition of one typical aquaculture species in China, blunt snout bream (Megalobrama amblycephala). Methods: The four groups of fish were used for transcriptomics and metabolomics analyses, including one-year-old immature (group I), two-year-old immature (group II), two-year-old mature (group III) and successfully spawned (group IV) female M. amblycephala after artificial induction of reproduction.Results: We identified a total of 1460 differential compounds and 1107 differentially expressed unigenes in muscle among the different groups. Differential metabolites related to fish age (group vs II group I, group III vs group I) were largely enriched in “Glycerophospholipid metabolism”, “Linoleic acid metabolism”, “α-Linolenic acid metabolism”, and “Biosynthesis of unsaturated fatty acids”. Between these two pairwise comparisons, metabolites that are beneficial to human health, such as docosapentaenoic acid, α-Linolenic acid, eicosapentaenoic acid, and docosahexaenoic Qiong Zhou College of Fisheries, Huazhong Agricultural University and Ze-Xia Gao No. 1 Shizishan Street, Hongshan District, Wuhan, 430070 Hubei (China) Tel. 86-2787282113, Fax 86-2787282114, E-Mail [email protected]; [email protected] Cellular Physiology Cell Physiol Biochem 2018;49:17-39 DOI: 10.1159/000492837 © 2018 The Author(s). Published by S. Karger AG, Basel and Biochemistry Published online: 22 August, 2018 www.karger.com/cpb 18 Guan et al.: Integrated Analysis of Transcriptomics and Metabolomics For Fish Muscle acid were found to be significantly decreased in two-year-old (group II, group III) compared with one-year-old (group I) M. amblycephala. Only one differential metabolite related to fish maturation, a triglyceride, was detected between groups III and II. Transcriptomics data showed that differently expressed genes (between group III vs group II, group III vs group I) related to maturation were highly enriched in “Cell adhesion molecules (CAMs)”, “Sphingolipid metabolism” and “Phagosome”. DEGs (between group II vs group I, group III vs group I) relating to fish age were enriched in the “cGMP-PKG signaling pathway”, “FoxO signaling pathway”, and “AMPK signaling pathway”. The gene-metabolite interaction network showed pivotal genes, including fumarate hydratase and GNPAT, which played a major role in the regulation of glycerphospholipid metabolism. The nutritional components were also measured, which verified the metabolomics results. Moreover, the metabolomics results showed that after 24 hours of artificial hormone injection, the drug was completely metabolized.Conclusion : Integrated analysis demonstrated that the nutrition value of fish fillet was much more related to fish age compared with maturation status inM. amblycephala females. © 2018 The Author(s) Published by S. Karger AG, Basel Introduction With the development of the economy and people’s living standards, higher food nutrition requirements are demanded. Fish, as a protein-rich food, is favored by an nutrition is closely related to gonadal development, and puberty could have negative effects increasing number of people in recent years. Previous studies indicatedhave that the flesh in vitro are mainly consumed on the flesh composition of fish species [1, 2]. From the beginning of rapid growth of gonadal cells until the end of ovulation, the nutrients absorbed by fish for the growth of gonadal cells (especially oocytes), and somatic cells might grow slowly. The content of protein and fat in muscle and liver show a continuous decline during this period, which would affect the quality of fish flesh [3]. Some Megalobramastudies have also hoffmanni shown, thatand the nutrition of fish is relevant to its growth age. Xu et al. reported that with increasing age, the content of protein increases while moisture decreases in the fat content in two-year-old, 3-year-old and 4-year-old fish decline significantly compared withIn one-year-old production, fish to conduct[4]. However, scaled whether production the qualityand obtain of fish large meat batchesis more ofrelated fry, people to fish age or fish maturation stage has not been addressed thus far. usually perform artificial propagation of mature individuals to trigger the release of gonadotropin (GtH) along the hypothalamic-pituitary-gonad (HPG) axis , [56]. However, whether these synthetic hormones with similar biological effects of endogenous hormones will Metabolomics,form a residue asin aaquatic burgeoning products ‘omics’ and howresearch long mode,the injected can bemone hor used metabolites to detect willall be resolved in fish fillet have not been tested. changes in the internal environment of an organism and may reveal the function of genes metabolites (molecules <1 kDa) in a cell or a tissue. As metabolitesn reflect ca the directly, it has been applied to many fields, including drug discovery, disease research, and biomarker discovery, among others. In recent years, a number ofstudies related to muscle metabolomics have also been reported in mammals [7]. For example, Morales et al. identified new metabolites and quinolone conversion products in chickenmuscle treated with enrofloxacin, as well as certain quinolone conversion products in chicken during the pH change from 1.5 to 8.0 [8]. Fazelzadeh et al. used muscle metabolomics to determine the effect of age and frailty on the metabolic signature of skeletal muscle tissue in humans, and the results indicated that primary differences in skeletal muscle metabolite levels between young and older tested specimens were associated with mitochondrial function, muscle fiber type, and tissue turnover [9]. Julia et al. elucidated the underlying biochemical processes of meat quality traits, and the potential key molecules related to meat quality traits-drip loss were identified [10]. Regarding fish species, a comprehensive metabolomics analysis has been widely applied to detect the metabolite differences in fish embryo [11], plasma [12, 13], Cellular Physiology Cell Physiol Biochem 2018;49:17-39 DOI: 10.1159/000492837 © 2018 The Author(s). Published by S. Karger AG, Basel and Biochemistry Published online: 22 August, 2018 www.karger.com/cpb 19 Guan et al.: Integrated Analysis of Transcriptomics and Metabolomics For Fish Muscle liver [13, 14], gonad [14-16] and skin mucus [17] under specific conditions or treatments. However, no metabolomics approach has been used to identify metabolites related to muscle composition, as well as those related to fish age and maturation. of a Itcomprehensive has been recognized approach that that genomics not only incorporatesprovides information the transcript about level, what but may also occur the and metabolomics about what will really happen. Researchers hope for the development comparison of metabolites. The efficiency of RNA sequencing (RNA-Seq) willaccelerate research of the mechanisms associated with changes in metabolites. Therefore, a concept of conjoint omics analysis has appeared. Recently, the integratedMuscari applicationof transcriptomics and metabolomics is becoming popular in the study of specific traits in plants and mammals. stressQian et treatment al. analyzed seemed the tomechanism have contributed of grape to thehyacinth observed ( difference) color indetermination the cold tolerance [18]. Jin et al. discovered that differences in gene expression and metabolite levels following cold compounds of Isatis indigotica andphenotype this database
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