KAJIAN ALTERNATIF PEMBANGUNAN JEMBATAN PENAJAM-BALIKPAPAN Irna Hendriyani, Henry Wardhana Dan Retna Hapsari

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KAJIAN ALTERNATIF PEMBANGUNAN JEMBATAN PENAJAM-BALIKPAPAN Irna Hendriyani, Henry Wardhana Dan Retna Hapsari KAJIAN ALTERNATIF PEMBANGUNAN JEMBATAN PENAJAM-BALIKPAPAN Irna Hendriyani, Henry Wardhana dan Retna Hapsari KAJIAN ALTERNATIF PEMBANGUNAN JEMBATAN PENAJAM- BALIKPAPAN 1 2 2 Irna Hendriyani , Henry Wardhana dan Retna Hapsari 1Faculty of Engineering, Achmad Yani University Banjarmasin 2Faculty of Engineering, Lambung Mangkurat University ABSTRACT Land transportati on between East Kalimantan and South Kalimantan (Trans of South Kalimantan) is currently separated by Balikpapan baya swideas 1.8 to 3.7 km. This bay separetesthe North Penajam Paser Districtand Balikpapan City, East Kalimantan Province. Thus,crossing facilities are needed to connect the two areas. The facilitiesat this momentare ferries. Based on Technical Design Report Balang Island Bridge (2007), that the crossing facilitiesat this time will not beable to provide services in the future. There for the East Kalimantan Provincial Government made apolicy by building bridgeasone of the infra structure in the Trans of Kalimantan. The Penajam-Balikpapan bridgecon struction on the Balang Island made the trip longer than the ferry. This location were selected based on Pre-Feasibility Penajam- Balikpapan Bridge (1997) from other locations, namely Tanjung Batu-Kampung Baruand Nipah-nipah- Melawai. Based on the three locations, the bridgecon struction site locations were selected based on ranking of Multi Criteria Analysis (MCA) method. MCA is adecision making to oldeveloped for decision making process, using several criteria and select the best alternative based on those criteria. This methodus esperception of stakeholders on variables which are compared in the decision making process. This analysis involves 20 respondents from various sparties, based on criteria of ease of achieving goals, environmental spects, regional evelopment, the development of the road network system, social aspects and the benefit to costanalysis. As theresult, the second location, Tanjung Batu-Kampung Baru getthe first rank, and the third location, Nipah-nipah-Melawai get the second rank and the first location, Balang Island was the thir dranking. Benefit to Cost Ratio (BCR) value of location 2 is 1.33 and the net present value (NPV) is positive (+). This means that the location of Tanjung Batu-Kampung Baru is suitable asabridge construction sitefor Penajam-Balikpapan bridge. keywords : Multi Criteria Analysis (MCA), Benefit Cost Ratio (BCR), Net Present Value (NPV) 1. PENDAHULUAN Transportasi darat antara Kalimantan diperkirakan tidak akan dapat memenuhi Timur dan Kalimantan Selatan (Trans pelayanan akan pertumbuhan lalu lintas Kalimantan Poros Selatan) saat ini dipisahkan dimasa yang akan datang. Karenanya oleh teluk Balikpapan selebar 1,8 sampai 3,7 Pemerintah Provinsi Kalimantan Timur km. Teluk Balikpapan merupakan teluk yang membuat suatu kebijakan, dengan memisahkan Kabupaten Penajam Paser Utara membangun jembatan penghubung sebagai dan Kota Balikpapan di Provinsi Kalimantan salah satu infrastruktur Trans Kalimantan Timur. Diperlukan sarana penyeberangan Poros Selatan. Laporan Pra Kelayakan telukuntuk menghubungkan antara dua daerah Jembatan Penajam-Balikpapan (1997), tersebut. Sarana penyeberangan yang banyak mempertimbangkan tiga lokasi pembangunan digunakan pengguna transportasi Trans jembatan, yaitu Pulau Balang, Tanjung Batu- Kalimantan Poros Selatan ini adalah ferry. Kampung Baru dan Nipah-nipah-Melawai Berdasarkan Laporan Perencanaan (lihat Gambar 1). Pulau Balang merupakan Teknis Jembatan Pulau balang (2007), bahwa pulau kecil yang berada di hulu Teluk sarana penyeberangan ferry yang ada saat ini Balikpapan. Hasil wawancara dengan instansi Dinas Pekerjaan Umum Kabupaten Penajam Jurnal Teknologi Berkelanjutan (Sustainable Technology Journal) Available on line at:http://jtb.ulm.ac.id Vol. 2 No. 1 (2013) pp. 6-20 6 Jurnal Teknologi Berkelanjutan (Sustainable Technology Journal) Volume 2 Nomor 1 Paser Utara menjabarkan bahwa untuk sampai Batu-Kampung Baru adalah lokasi yang di lokasi tersebut, diperlukan pembuatan jalan berada di hilir Teluk Balikpapan. Untuk baru ± 60 km dan dua jembatan kecil dari km sampai dilokasi ini, baik dari sisi Penajam 38 jalan Trans Kalimantan di Penajam. maupun Balikpapan, sudah tersedia jaringan Sementara dari sisi Balikpapan diperlukan jalannya. Jadi hanya diperlukan peningkatan pembuatan jalan baru ± 2 km. Penilaian jalan, dan jika memerlukan pembuatan jalan investasi yang dihasil dari lokasi ini paling baru, jalan baru akan lebih pendek dari pada ekonomis dari dua lokasi lainnya. Tanjung yang melalui Pulau Balang. Gambar 1. Sketsa Lokasi Alternatif Pembangunan Jembatan Sementara Nipah-nipah-Melawai, merupakan Laporan Pra Kelayakan Jembatan Penajam- lokasi yang berada di hilir Teluk Balikpapan Balikpapan (1997), merekomendasikan Pulau juga. Lokasi ini jadi pertimbangan karena Balang sebagai lokasi pembangunan jembatan jarak tempuh Penajam-Balikpapan paling Penajam-Balikpapan. Saat ini pemerintah pendek dari lokasi lainnya. Selain itu, provinsi Kalimantan Timur telah jembatan ini bisa menunjang proyek Coastal melaksanakan pembangunan jembatan Road Kota Balikpapan yang sedang penyeberangan Teluk Balikpapan melalui dicanangkan Pemerintah Kota Balikpapan. Pulau Balang sejak pertengahan tahun 2009. Coastal Road merupakan jalan layang Pembangunan jembatan melalui Pulau Balang disepanjang pesisir pantai Teluk Balikpapan, Teluk Balikpapan merupakan salah satu mulai dari Melawai sampai ke Bandara prioritas dalam upaya peningkatan pelayanan Sepinggan, bandara internasional Provinsi jalan lintas kalimantan poros selatan yang Kalimantan Timur yang berada di Kota berada di wilayah Kalimantan Timur. Balikpapan. Karena jembatan ini berada pada Pembangunan jembatan penghubung lintasan kapal-kapal besar dan kapal tanker Trans Kalimantan Poros Selatan ini berada di Pertamina, maka jembatan ini memerlukan wilayah Kebupaten Penajam Paser Utara dan desain khusus, dimana tinggi jembatan Kota Balikpapan, melalui Pulau Balang. Dari minimal berada di ketinggian 70 m. Hasil sini, timbul permasalahan baru terutama bagi Jurnal Teknologi Berkelanjutan (Sustainable Technology Journal) Available on line at:http://jtb.ulm.ac.id Vol. 2 No. 1 (2013) pp. 6-20 7 KAJIAN ALTERNATIF PEMBANGUNAN JEMBATAN PENAJAM-BALIKPAPAN Irna Hendriyani, Henry Wardhana dan Retna Hapsari para pengguna (user) rute Penajam- Pengembangan Sisitem Jaringan Jalan, Balikpapan. Dimana untuk mencapai lokasi Pemberdayaan Masyarakat (Aspek Sosial) jembatan, dari Kabupaten Penajam Paser dan Analisis Biaya-Manfaat. Kemudian Utara diperlukan waktu ± 2 jam dan setelah kriteria-kriteria ini di-breakdown. menyeberang, untuk sampai ke Kota Pengembangan lebih lanjut dari subkriteria Balikpapan diperlukan waktu ±1 jam. Hal ini pemilihan dapat berupa variabel-variabel membuat waktu tempuh Penajam-Balikpapan penilaian yang digunakan dalam AMK. dengan menggunakan jembatan di Pulau Dalam indentifikasi dan seleksi kriteria Balang jadi lebih lama dari waktu tempuh dan indikator digunakan Penetapan Penajam-Balikpapan kondisi sekarang. Para Peringkat. Penetapakan peringkat bagi pengguna (user) menginginkan rute Penajam- satu set elemen pengambilan keputusan Balikpapan, dapat ditempuh lebih pendek dari digunakan Peringkat Reguler, yaitu waktu tempuh yang ada saat ini (dengan memberikan ‘peringkat’ kepada tiap menggunakan ferry). elemen yang relevan dalam proses Melihat kondisi tersebut, penulis tertarik pengambilan keputusan menurut tingkat untuk melakukan kajian alternatif pemilihan kepentingannya. Peringkat ditetapkan lokasi pembangunan jembatan Penajam- menurut sembilan titik skala (Tabel 1). Balikpapan, dengan bersumber pada tiga lokasi yang sebelumnya menjadi Tabel 1. Peringkat Kepentingan pertimbangan pemerintah, yaitu Pulau 1 3 5 7 9 Balang, Tanjung Batu-Kampung Baru dan Nipah-nipah-Melawai. Lokasi jembatan yang sedang dibangun di Pulau Balang dianggap sebagai lokasi alternatif 1, lokasi alternatif 2, dipilih Tanjung Batu-Kampung Baru, dan rendah sedang lokasi Nipah-nipah-Melawai sebagai lokasi Lebih penting Sangat penting alternatif 3. Kurangpenting Tingkat kepentingan Tingkat kepentingan Tujuan dari penelitianini adalah untuk menentukan lokasi pembangunan jembatan Sumber : Mendoza, 1998 Penajam-Balikpapan dan menganalisis secara ekonomi lokasi pembangunan yang telah Menghitung bobot untuk setiap responden dipilih tersebut. untuk mendapatkan bobot kriteria dari setiap responden dan bobot tiap kriteria. 2. METODE PENELITIAN Adapun proses pembobotan untuk mendapatkan bobot kepentingan setiap kriteria dilakukan dengan metodologi 2.1 Analisis Multi Kriteria (AMK) sebagai berikut: Tahapan kegiatan pengambilan keputusan a. Menghitung bobot untuk setiap dalam AMK, secara singkat dapat diuraikan responden sebagai berikut. b. Menghitung bobot untuk 1. Identifikasi dan seleksi beberapa kriteria mendapatkan bobot kriteria dan indikator 2. Pemberian skor untuk beberapa indikator Penentuan kriteria dalam penelitian ini berdasarkan set yang dipilih bersumber pada Penelitian ‘Analisis Multi Sistem pemberian skor yang dapat Kriteria sebagai Metode Pemilihan Suatu mencerminkan kondisi yang sedang dinilai Alternatif Ruas Jalan di Propinsi merupakan kunci bagi semua sistem Lampung’ yang dilakukan oleh evaluasi. Penetapan sistem pemberian skor Sulistyorini, dkk (2010). Kriteria dibagi seperti pada Tabel 2. menjadi enam macam, yaitu Kemudahan 3. Penilaian, dalam hal ini seluruh penilaian Pencapaian Tujuan (Aksesbilitas), Aspek kinerja pada semua tingkat hierarki kriteria Lingkungan, Pengembangan Wilayah, dan indikator. Jurnal Teknologi Berkelanjutan
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