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CRAS-2020-7(1)-1-5.Pdf Current Research in Agricultural Sciences 2020 Vol. 7, No. 1, pp. 1-5. ISSN(e): 2312-6418 ISSN(p): 2313-3716 DOI: 10.18488/journal.68.2020.71.1.5 © 2020 Conscientia Beam. All Rights Reserved. PHENOTYPIC PERFORMANCE EVALUATION OF IMPROVED TEF (Eragrostis tef L) GENOTYPES IN NORTH GONDAR 1 Melle Tilahun Adet Agricultural Research Center/ Amhara Agricultural Research Tagele1+ Institute, Ethiopia. Tesfaye Jorgi2 2Gondar Agricultural Research Center/ Amhara Agricultural Research Institute, Ethiopia. (+ Corresponding author) ABSTRACT Article History Ten improved tef varieties including the local check were evaluated with the objective Received: 20 November 2019 of selecting adaptable and best performing tef varieties in North Gondar. The trial was Revised: 30 December 2019 Accepted: 4 February 2020 conducted at Takusa and Gondar Zuria woredas of north Gondar zone of Amhara Published: 9 March 2020 region during 2017 cropping season. The design was randomized complete block design with three replications. In Takusa, the mean grain yield of some improved Keywords varieties was higher than the local check. Varieties Dz-01-974 and Quncho gave the Tef Variety highest yield, (3226kg/ha) and (2944.3kg/ha) respectively. Similarly in Gondar Zuria Grain yield woreda, some improved varieties were relatively better than the local check and variety Adaptation Farmers’ preference Dz-01-974 and Quncho gave the highest yield (2449.3kg/ha) and (2084kg/ha) Farmers’ participation. respectively. The yield in Gondar Zuria was relatively lower than Takusa woreda. This may be due to the fact that Gondar Zuria woreda is characterized by terminal moisture stress. Generally the combined analysis over location revealed that varieties Dz-01-974 and Quncho gave the highest yield and no significant difference observed among varieties in their maturity period and relatively higher yield. Therefore Dz-01-974 and Quncho were recommended for their high yielding potential and farmer’s preference with their production packages. These two varieties were recommended for production in Gondar Zuria, Takusa and similar agro ecologies. Contribution/Originality: This work investigates the impact of genotype choice for climate change adaptation and for farmers resilient to climate variability. 1. INTRODUCTION Tef (Eragrostis tef /zucc. /Trotter) is originated in Ethiopia and it’s diversity is in Ethiopia [1]. It is a staple food crop covering a large area of arable land (32% of the total cultivated land) [2]. It is adapted to various agro ecologies of the country. It can grow well in areas where production of other cereals is difficult. Its grain provides about two-thirds of the daily dietary protein intakes of most Ethiopians [2]. It has the ability to tolerate drought and water lodging. The resistance of tef to storage insects makes it a valuable crop under adverse situations. It has a multitude of uses other than its use as Ethiopians staple food injera. It is also used for preparation of local beverages. The straw is the most preferred feed for livestock. Being the first preference of Ethiopians for food, and livestock for feed, it fetches premium prices on market [3- 5]. However, the grain yield of the current genotypes in Amhara region (900.1 kg/ha) is below the national average yield of tef (1700 kg/ha) on farmer fields [6]. 1 © 2020 Conscientia Beam. All Rights Reserved. Current Research in Agricultural Sciences, 2020, 7(1): 1-5 Currently productivity of tef under farmers’ condition is very low. Hence, developing improved varieties which are relatively high yielding and early maturing than the existing local cultivars has been one of the priorities given due emphasis. Tef, Eragrostis tef /zucc. /Trotter, belonging to the grass family poaceae, is one of a significant cereal crop in only one country in the world-Ethiopia [2]. Its grain provides about two-thirds of the daily dietary protein intakes of most Ethiopians. It is one of the most important cereal crops in Ethiopia that occupies (32%), the largest cultivated area under cereals and 26% of the whole area cultivated to annual field crops by covering about 2 million hectares of land annually [6]. Tef is adapted to environments ranging from drought stress to water logged soil conditions. It can be grown at altitude ranging from sea level to 3000m above sea level, with the maximum production occurs between1700 and 2400m. Even though research efforts in the last few decades developed important genotypes to develop high yielding varieties, its productivity and farmers accesses to these improved genotypes is limited. Development of improved variety and appropriate agronomic practices, and cropping systems would greatly contribute to overcoming production constraints and improving productivity of tef [7]. Therefore, this experiment was conducted with the objective of evaluating and selecting improved tef varieties for their adaptability, and to select relatively high yielding and early maturing varieties and increasing farmers’ awareness and their access to improved tef varieties. 2. MATERIALS AND METHODS 2.1. Area Description Gondar Zuria: The experiment was conducted on the farmers’ field. The trial site was located between latitude 120 25’ 14.9’’ N and longitude 0370 36’ 18.5’’ E at an elevation of 2104 meters above sea level. It has a moist tropical climate and the mean monthly maximum temperature ranges from 25.3 °C to 32 °C with a mean value of 28.5°C, while the mean monthly minimum temperature ranges from 10.6 °C to 16.1 °C with a mean of 13.6 °C. Based on 20 years (2005-2015) data, the total annual rainfall ranges from 641 mm to 1678 mm with an average of 1052 mm. Farmers reported that the rainfall is decreasing year after year, unpredictable in onset and with erratic distribution. This nature of the rainfall is heavily influencing crop production and livestock husbandry and thus farmers’ livelihood. Takusa: The temperature was ranged from 8.2-19.160c. The trial at site was located at an elevation of 1785 meters above sea level with latitude 12°12′N 37°03′E and longitude 12°12′N 37°03′E. 2.2. Research Methodology Ten improved varieties namely, DZ-D1-787, DZ-D1-354, DZ-Cr-387, DZ-Cr-358, DZ-D1-99, DZ-D1-974, Etsub, Yilmana, Quncho and Local variety were included in the study. It was conducted in 2015. The trial was laid down in randomized complete block design with three replications. Each experimental plot had three meter by seven meter with a gross area of 21 m2. Planting was done by broadcasting at seed rate of 25 kg ha-1. Fertilizer was applied at the rate of 41/46 kg/ha N and P2O5 respectively. Half of the total nitrogen and total phosphorus were applied at the time of planting while the remaining nitrogen was applied at the time of tillering. Breeding data plant height, panicle length, days to maturity and grain yield were taken from the net plot. Weeding and other management practices were done as required. Farmers were invited to set their selection criteria and to select best performing varieties based on their selection criteria. Analysis of variance was computed using the SAS statistical software –SAS version 2004. 3. RESULT AND DISCUSSION In Takusa, The analysis of variance revealed that there was no significant (p<0.05) difference among varieties in parameters plant height and panicle length but significant difference was observed in parameters maturity date 2 © 2020 Conscientia Beam. All Rights Reserved. Current Research in Agricultural Sciences, 2020, 7(1): 1-5 and grain yield. Variety DZ-D1- 787 matured early (around 102 days) and variety DZ-D1-974 matured relatively longer period (around 109 days). Variety DZ-D1-974 is the high yielder variety than the others (3226 kg/ha) whereas variety DZ-D1-787 is the low yielder variety (1996 kg/ha) Table 1. This was in agreement with Assefa, et al. [2]. In Gonder Zuria, the analysis of variance revealed that there was a significant difference among varieties in all parameters. Variety DZ-Cr-358 is the shortest among all varieties which is not preferred to farmers due to its low straw and variety DZ-D1-974 is the tallest variety with relatively resistant to lodging and preferred by farmers due its high straw biomass. DZ-D1-974 had also the longest panicle and high grain yield. DZ-D1-787 was the earliest variety (around 100 days) whereas DZ-D1-974 was relatively late (112 days) compared to others. General speaking all varieties are relatively early maturing which fits to the current climate change. The highest grain yield was due to DZ-D1-974 (2449 kg/ha) and the lowest was due to DZ-D1-787(1447.3 kg/ha) Table 2. Table-1. Mean values of yield and yield related traits of improved tef varieties during 2017 main season at the vertisols of Takusa woreda (Mekonta kebele), North Gondar. Varieties Plant height (cm) Panicle length (cm) Days to maturity Grain yield (kg/ha) DZ-D1-974 118.5 58.7 109.0a 3226.0a DZ-Cr-358 107.5 57.3 102.3bc 2036.5b DZ-Cr-387 110.5 58.0 106.7abc 2159.0b DZ-D1-354 111.5 58.0 106.7abc 2241.7b DZ-D1-787 103.2 57.0 101.7c 1996.0b DZ-D1-99 110.1 57.7 106.0abc 2088.7b Etsub 116.7 58.3 107.7abc 2303.0b Local 118.5 58.3 108.3ab 2277.3b Quncho 111.9 58.3 107.0abc 2944.3a Yilmana 108.4 57.3 103.3abc 2053.0b Mean 111.7 46.3 106 2332.5 CV 10.5 13.2 3.6 9.62 Lsd 20.1 10.5 7 385 Table-2.
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