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Section Iv: Countries

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Section Iv: Countries SECTION IV: COUNTRIES ARGENTINA Figure 1. Malaria in Argentina by foci, 2014 Argentina has achieved 100% reduction in malaria since 2000 and only reports imported cases (Figures 1-3). Bolivia The country is currently in the elimination phase. It has Paraguay surpassed the WHA58.2 target for MDG6C, and in 2014 Brazil only 4 cases had been reported. Also, there was only one malaria-related death during 2000-2014. Since 2011, Argentina has implemented a two-pronged strategy based on classification of endemic area into two Uruguay strata. Stratum 1 comprises of a low endemicity area Argentina where elimination measures are being implemented and stratum 2 comprises of transmission-free areas Chile Foci monitored by surveillance. Stratum one includes the D Cleared up departments (ADM2) of Oran and General San Martin (of (! Endemic *# New Potential Salta province) and stratum 2 includes the departments of )" New active El Carmen, Santa Barbara, Palpala, San Pedro, Ledesma, (! Pseudofocus *# Residual active and Doctor Manuel Belgrano (of Jujuy province). )" Residual non-active There have been no autochthonous cases reported since ® 2011 (Figure 2 and Table 1). During 2000-2014, cases 0 125 250 500 Kilometers have only been reported from 5 provinces: Chaco, Jujuy, Longitude/Latitude Datum WGS84 Salta, Tucuman, and Misiones. All other provinces in Source: PAHO/CHA/VT Argentina have interrupted transmission of the disease. Of the reported cases during 2012-2014, all imported cases were identified as P. vivax infections. Figure 2. Autochthonous and imported cases in Figure 3. Number of cases and deaths due to Argentina, 2000-2014 malaria in Argentina, 2000-2014 350 350 500 500 5 5 300 300 400 400 4 4 250 250 s s s s e e e e s s 300 s 3 s a a 300 s 3 a 200 a s 200 h f c f c t h f c o f c o t o o ea ea 150 D 150 200 200 2 2 D umber umber umber umber N N N 100 N 100 100 1 50 100 1 50 0 0 0 0 0 0 7 1 5 6 2 3 4 8 9 0 9 0 1 4 5 6 8 2 3 7 2 3 4 0 1 0 3 1 2 4 0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 9 0 1 4 5 6 8 2 3 7 0 1 2 3 4 0 3 1 2 4 200 200 200 200 201 200 200 200 200 200 201 201 200 201 201 200 200 200 200 200 200 200 201 201 200 200 200 201 201 201 200 200 200 200 200 200 200 200 200 200 201 201 201 201 201 200 200 200 200 200 200 200 201 201 200 200 200 201 201 Autochthonous Cases Imported Cases P. falciparum201 & Mixed Confirmed Cases Deaths Autochthonous Cases Imported Cases P. falciparum & Mixed Confirmed Cases Deaths ■ Autochthonous cases ■ P. falciparum & mixed ■ Imported cases ■ Confirmed cases 2010 2011 2012 2013 2014 2010 2011 2012 2013 Ag■e g r Deathsoups2014 Total Cases 72 18 4 4 4 Age groups Total Cases 72 18 4 4 504+ 50+ Female Cases Investigated 72 18 4 4 4 45-49 years Female Cases Investigated 72 18 4 4 4 45-49 years Male 40-44 years Male Imported Cases 46 18 4 4 4 40-44 years Imported Cases 46 18 4 4 35-39 year4s 35-39 years Autochthonous Cases 14 0 0 0 0 30-34 years Autochthonous Cases 14 0 0 0 25-29 year0s 30-34 years Introduced 11 0 0 0 0 20-24 years 25-29 years Introduced 11 0 0 0 0 Relapse 0 0 0 0 0 15-19 years 20-24 years Relapse 0 0 0 0 10-14 year0s 15-19 years Induced 0 0 0 0 0 5-9 years 10-14 years - 37 - Induced 0 0 0 0 0 Not Classified 1 0 0 0 0 Under 5 5-9 years Not Classified 1 0 0 0 0 Under 5 Active Foci ... ... 0 0 0 3 2 1 0 1 2 3 Confirmed cases Active Foci ... ... 0 0 0 3 2 1 0 1 2 3 "..." indicates unavailable data. *Data based on age and sex was unavailable for 2014. Confirmed cases "..." indicates unavailable data. *Data based on age and sex was unavailable for 2014. 40 40 Table 1. Elimination profile of Argentina, 2010-2014 2010 2011 2012 2013 2014 Total Cases 72 1 8 4 4 4 Cases Investigated 72 1 8 4 4 4 Autochthonous Cases 1 4 0 0 0 0 Autochthonous- P.f. 0 0 0 0 0 350 500 5 300 Autochthonous- P.v. 1 4 0 0 0 0 400 4 250 Imported Cases 46 1 8 4 4 4 s s e e s s 300 3 a a 0 0 0 0 0 200 Imported- P.f. s h f c f c t o o ea Imported- P.v. 46 D 1 8 4 4 4 150 200 2 umber umber N N 100 Active Foci ... ... 0 0 0 100 1 50 *P.f.:P .f. Plasmodium - P lasmod falciparumium falciparum PP.v.:.v. Plasmodium- P lasmodi uvivaxm vivax 0 0 "“...”..." indicatesindicate sunavailable unavaila data.ble data. 0 7 1 5 6 2 3 4 8 9 0 9 0 1 4 5 6 8 2 3 7 2 3 4 0 1 0 3 1 2 4 200 200 200 200 201 200 200 200 200 200 201 201 200 201 201 200 200 200 200 200 200 200 201 201 200 200 200 201 201 201 Autochthonous Cases Imported Cases P. falciparum & Mixed Confirmed Cases Deaths Figure 4. Malaria cases by age and sex Figure 5. Blood slides examined and SPR in in Argentina, 2012-2013 Argentina, 2000-2014 2010 2011 2012 2013 2014 Age groups Total Cases 72 18 4 4 4 50+ 15,000 15% Female Cases Investigated 72 18 4 4 4 45-49 years Male R) 40-44 years P d 10,000 10% S ( 46 18 4 4 4 e Imported Cases n e i 35-39 years t a m a x 14 0 0 0 0 e Autochthonous Cases 30-34 years e l sitivity R 25-29 years op o e 5,000 5% P Peolple examined Introduced 11 0 0 0 0 P e 20-24 years d Sli Relapse 0 0 0 0 0 15-19 years 0 0% 10-14 years 0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 0 1 2 3 4 Induced 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 1 1 1 1 1 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 5-9 years 2 2 2 2 2 2 2 2 2 2 2 2 2 2 2 1 0 0 0 0 Not Classified Under 5 Blood Slides Examined SPR (%) Active Foci ... ... 0 0 0 3 2 1 0 1 2 3 Confirmed cases "..." indicates unavailable data. *Data based on age and sex was unavailable for 2014. 750 40 Age and sex information was not available for artesunate-mefloquinele 500 or artemether-lumefantrine op reported cases in 2014. In 2012-2013, more men combinationpe drugs, while chloroquine and f o than women were reported sick with malaria (Figure primaquiner (0.5 mg/kg for 7 days) are used for P. be 250 4). The most affected groups were younger males vivaxm infections. u between 25-29 years and 30-34 years old, belonging N to the economically productive years of life. Data for0 timeliness of treatment were not available 2 6 8 0 1 3 7 9 4 5 0 3 4 1 2 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 1 1 1 for 2014, but time to 0 treatment0 improved0 in1 20131 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 2 2 2 2 2 2 2 2 2 2 Diagnosis and Treatment compared to 2012 (Figure2 2 7). While2 these figures2 2 Argentina does not use RDTs to diagnose malaria are*First -basedline treat monent daat asmall was una vilnumberable for 20 09of an cases,d 2014. shortened (Figure 5). Plasmodium falciparum is treated with diagnosisFirst-line tandreatm etreatmentnts Ctimeonfirm eisd Canase simportant factor 100% 75% s e - 38 - s a 75% f c o 100% e 50% ag t n e c r e P 25% 25% 0% 2012 2013 2014 *Data is unavailable for 2014. >72 hours 48-72 hours 24-48 hours <24 hours 40,000 $3M 30,000 s) d $2M e on ct illi e t m o 20,000 n i pr ( e l $ $1M op US e P 10,000 $0M 7 6 0 2 4 5 8 9 1 3 2 1 3 4 0 0 0 1 0 0 0 0 0 0 1 1 1 0 0 1 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 1 2 0 9 7 8 3 6 5 1 4 2 2 2 2 2 2 2 2 2 2 2 2 2 2 2 2 0 3 4 1 0 0 1 0 1 0 0 0 0 1 0 0 0 1 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 2 2 2 2 2 2 2 2 2 2 2 2 2 2 2 *Funding information for 2000 is unavailble.
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